• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.95-98
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• 2009

The incidence and occurrence of virus infecting paprika (Capsicum annuum var. grossum) in Jeonnam province, the main areas of cultivation in Korea is undetermined. In this study, a total of 1,020 samples with virus-like symptoms were collected in Jeonnam province during summer season for 3 consecutive years (2002-2005) and were tested using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV), and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were found to be the most prevalent viruses with a 3-year average percent incidence of 41.3, 19.8, and 4.4 respectively. Mixed infection with more than two viruses was also found with 3.5%, 17.0%, and 8.3%, respectively. Symptoms of these virus diseases were not evident at the seedling stage but slowly appeared at the transplanting stage and increased to the middle stage (4-5 months after transplanting) during the 3-year cultivation periods. Symptom appearance of infected plants however varied largely with transplanting time. Those plants transplanted from November to January were found to be infected with viruses in June, whereas symptoms appeared with in a month those plants transplanted from June to August. There were differences in the virus incidence from primary factor such as district, type of green house and variety, but these were not statistically significant (data not shown). Recommended control measures of paprika against these viruses is also discussed in this paper.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

The environmental risks of cucumber mosaic virus resistant transgenic chili peppers with the CMVP0-CP gene on non-target organisms in the agroecosystem environments was evaluated during the periods of the chili pepper growing season (June 19, July 30, August 31) in 2007. Arthropods assemblages leaves and flowers of chili peppers were quantitatively collected by using an insect vacuum collector to compare the arthropod community structures between non-transgenic chili peppers (nTR, P 915) and mosaic virus resistant transgenic chili peppers (TR, CMV-cp, line 7). There was no statistical difference in the arthropod community structure between the two types of crops, nTR and TR, at the same season, although the species richness and Shannon's index were somewhat different among seasons; indicating no effects of genetically modified peppers on the arthropod community. However, further studies were required to conclude more concretely for the potential environmental risk of the transgenic chili pepper of CMV-cp.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 2018

Field surveys to investigate the incidence and occurrence pattern of viruses in red pepper were conducted during 2015-2016 in Korea. A total of 424 samples in 2015 and 368 samples in 2016 were collected based on selection of plants showing symptoms from farmer's field from every June to September. Reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction was used to test all samples for the presence of one or more of following viruses: Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Potato virus Y (PVY) and Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). The average disease incidence was 91.7% in 2015 and 98% in 2016 and the all seven viruses were found although there were different kinds of regions. The percent virus incidence in collected samples during 2015 was as follows: CMV, 73.8%; BBWV2, 68.3%; BWYV, 46.9%; PMMoV, 14.6%; TSWV, 12.7%; PepMoV, 6.6% and PVY, 3.3%. For 2016, incidence was as follows: CMV, 73.3%; BBWV2, 71.4%; BWYV, 34.7%; TSWV, 27.9%, PMMoV, 19.2%; PepMoV, 13.5% and PVY, 3.5%. Mixed infections were prevalent over single infections and infection rate was 83% and 86.7% in 2015 and 2016, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1776-1781
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• 2012

Multiple viruses such as Lily symptomless virus (LSV), Lily mottle virus (LMoV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are the most prevalent viruses infecting lilies in Korea. Leaf samples and bulbs showing characteristic symptoms of virus infection were collected from Gangwon, Chungnam, and Jeju provinces of Korea in 2008-2011. Coat protein (CP) genes of LSV and LMoV were amplified from collected samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cloned into a pET21d(+) expression vector to generate recombinant CPs. The resulting carboxy-terminal His-tagged CPs were expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by isopropyl-1-thio-${\beta}$-D-galactoside induction. The recombinant proteins were purified using Ni-NTA agarose beads, and the purified proteins were used as an immunogen to produce polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. The resulting polyclonal antisera recognized specifically LSV and LMoV from infected plant tissues in Western blotting assays. Indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay and immunocapture RT-PCR using these polyclonal antisera were developed for the sensitive, efficient, economic, and rapid detection of Lily viruses. These results suggest that large-scale bulb tests and economic detection of Lily viruses in epidemiological studies can be performed routinely using these polyclonal antisera.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2015

Cucumber mosaic virus possesses 2b gene known as a suppressor of post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). To investigate its function and effect in plant, transgenic Nicotiana benethamiana expressing 2b gene was developed and analyzed in phenotypic characteristics and differential gene expression (DEG) comparing with wild-type. Eight lines of transgenic plants ($T_0$) were obtained with difficulty and showed severe deformed phenotypes in leaves, flowers, petioles and etc. Moreover, transgenic plants were hardly able to set seeds, but small amounts of seeds were barely produced in some of transgene-hemizygous plants. DEG analysis showed that transgenic plant ectopically accumulated diverse RNA transcripts at higher levels than wild-type probably due to the disturbance in RNA metabolism, especially of RNA decay, caused by 2b-mediated inhibition of PTGS. These ectopic accumulations of RNAs disrupt protein and RNA homeostasis and then subsequently lead to abnormal phenotypes of transgenic plants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2007

To overcome the problem of the yield reduction due to the viral satellite mediated protection, a culture mix of three nitrogen-fixing bacteria species of the genus Azospirillum (A. brasilienses N040, A. brasilienses SP7, and A. lipoferum MRB16), and one strain of cyanobacteria (Anabena oryzae Fritsch) were utilized as biofertilizer mixture in both greenhouse and field experiments. When protected plants were treated with biofertilizer mixtures, the fruit yield of biofertilized plants increased by 48% and 40% in a greenhouse and field experiment, respectively, compared to untreated plants inoculated with the protective viral strain alone. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis of total nucleic acid (TNA) extracts revealed that biofertilization did not affect the accumulation of the viral satellite RNA (CARNA 5) that is required for plant protection against other destructive viral strains of CMV. The yield increment was a good compensation for the yield loss caused by the use of the protective viral strain associated with CARNA 5.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.220-222
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• 2003

Legislation enacted worldwide to regulate the content of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in crops, foods, and ingredients, reliable and sensitive methods for GMO detection have been developed. Proteins produced in GMO plants can be determined by qualitative and quantitative analyses and thus GMO designation has performed exactly. Target proteins selected in this study were neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS), cucumber mosaic virus(CMV), and phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (PAT). Analytical method employing western blotting was used for final characterization.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.465-479
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• 2017

Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important horticultural crop in Korea; however, various diseases, including Phytophthora root rot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), severely affect their productivity and quality. Therefore, pepper varieties with resistance to multiple diseases are highly desired. In this study, we developed 20 SNP type assays for three pepper populations using Fluidigm nanofluidic dynamic arrays. A total of 4,608 data points can be produced with a 192.24 dynamic array consisting of 192 samples and 24 SNP markers. The assays were converted from previously developed sequence-tagged-site (STS) markers and included markers for resistance to Phytophthora root rot (M3-2 and M3-3), anthracnose (CcR9, CA09g12180, CA09g19170, CA12g17210, and CA12g19240), powdery mildew (Ltr4.1-40344, Ltr4.2-56301, and Ltr4.2-585119), bacterial spot (Bs2), CMV (Cmr1-2), PMMoV (L4), and PepMoV (pvr1 and pvr2-123457), as well as for capsaicinoids content (qcap3.1-40134, qcap6.1-299931, qcap6.1-589160, qdhc2.1-1335057, and qdhc2.2-43829). In addition, 11 assays were validated through a comparison with the corresponding data of the STS markers. Furthermore, we successfully applied the assays to commercial $F_1$ cultivars and to our breeding lines. These 20 SNP type assays will be very useful for developing new superior pepper varieties with resistance to multiple diseases and a higher content of capsaicinoids for increased pungency.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

Among the plant specimens requested from agricultural actual places of farmers, Agency of agricultural extension services and so forth for the diagnosis of plant virus diseases in 2009, the rate of crop types was 87.5% for vegetables, 4.0% for upland crops and 3.5% for orchids. In vegetables, the crops damaged severely by viral diseases were red pepper and tomato by the infection rate of 51.6% and 26.5%, orderly. Virus species occurring vegetables were 19 and the economically important viruses were Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) with the infection rate of 33.2%, 16.9%, 16.1% and 7.4%, respectively. Rice stripe virus (RSV) occurred at the whole areas of west coast in Korea in 2009, and its incidence was 14.2% mainly on the susceptible cultivars and yield loss was estimated up to 50%. TYLCV was spread at 34 areas of Si and/or Gun, 22 areas in 2009 and 12 in 2008. Distribution of TSWV was expanded newly in 6 areas of Si and/or Gun including Gangryung, Gangwondo in 2009, and its occurrence areas were 23 Si and/or Gun after first incidence at Anyang area in 2004. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) was incited newly at Gimcheon area in 2009 with the infection rate of 65.2%, and its soil transmission rate was 55.0% in average.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.319-324
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the persistence of DNA in the transgenic chili pepper resistant to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in the field condition. We analyzed the persistence of genes in the leaf samples obtained from two field conditions, below and above soil. Transgenic and non-transgenic leaf tissues were buried in the soil at a depth of 10 cm or placed on the soil surface. Qualitative and quantitative PCR analysis showed that the amount of transferred genes from the transgenic peppers below and above soil was dropped to 28.3-42.7% one month after buried and it was rapidly reduced to 0.9-3.3% after two months. The transgenes were not detected three to four month after buried. In addition, DNA of the leaves placed below soil decomposed about 8%more than those on soil surface. The gene transfer from decomposing leaves of the transgenic pepper to soil was investigated by PCR analysis with the soil attached to the samples. The PCR result indicated that the gene transfer from the transgenic pepper to soil was not occurred.