• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2022

With the development of monoclonal antibodies, therapeutic or diagnostic radioisotope has been successfully delivered at tumor sites with high selectivity for antigens. Different approaches have been applied to improve the tumor-to-normal ratio by considering the in vivo stability of radioimmunoconjugates as a prerequisite. Various stable and inert antibody radiolabeling techniques for radioimmunoconjugate preparation have been extensively evaluated to enhance in vivo stability. Antibody radiolabeling techniques should be rapid and easy; they should not disrupt the immunoreactivity and in vivo behavior of antibodies, which are coupled with a bifunctional chelator (BFC) to stably coordinate with a radiometal. For the design of BFCs, radiometal coordination properties must be considered. However, various diagnostic radionuclides, such as ⁸⁹Zr, ⁶⁴Cu, ⁶⁸Ga, ¹¹¹ln, and ^99mTc, or therapeutic radionuclides, such as ¹⁷⁷Lu, ⁶⁷Cu, ⁹⁰Y, and ²²⁵Ac, have been increasingly used for antibody radiolabeling. In addition to useful radionuclides, ⁶⁴Cu and ¹⁷⁷Lu with the most accessible or the highest production rates in many countries should be considered. In this review, we mainly discussed antibody radiolabeling techniques and conditions that involve ⁶⁴Cu and ¹⁷⁷Lu radiometals.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2017

It has been reported that $^{64}Cu$ was radiolabeled with bombesin (BBN) peptide binding to the gastrin releasing peptide receptor expressed in human prostate cancer cells (PC3), confirming tumor target efficacy in mouse model. In this study, we developed the kit for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer that can be used clinically using bombesin peptide available of $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ radioisotope labeling. The NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide containing the NODAGA chelator and galactose was dispensed into a sterilized glass vial and lyophilized to prepare a kit. The stability of the kit after long-term storage in the $4^{\circ}C$ cold chamber and the radiolabeling efficiency after $^{64}Cu$ or $^{177}Lu$ labeling were confirmed by thin layer chromatography. When labeling with $^{64}Cu$ at the initial stage of storage, labeling efficiency of NODAGA-galacto-BBN peptide kit was over 96%, labeling efficiency was over 90% when $^{177}Lu$ was labeled. At 11 months after storage, the radiolabeling efficiency of kit against $^{64}Cu$ and $^{177}Lu$ was each over 95% and 90%. The cell viability was significantly reduced in the $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN treated group compared with the control and $^{177}Lu$ alone treated group in clonogenic assay. In conclusion, the NODAGA-galacto-BBN kit prepared by the lyophilization showed high stability over time and high yield of radioisotope labeling. Also $^{177}Lu$-NODAGA-galacto-BBN confirmed high cytotoxicity to prostate cancer cells. Therefore, the NODAGA-galacto-bombesin kit is expected to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer patients.

• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마이크로전자및패키징학회 2004년도 추계 기술심포지움 초록집
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• pp.64-64
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• 2004

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-82
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• 2019

⁶¹Cu is a promising PET radiometal having favorable nuclear decay characteristics with appropriate half-life of 3.3 h. Owing its promising capabilities in radiopharmaceutical chemistry and its chemical similarities with its isotopes ⁶⁴Cu and ⁶⁷Cu, in this work we have tried to optimize the production and separation conditions of ⁶¹Cu. ⁶¹Cu was produced via (p, x) reaction with natural nickel which was electroplated on the high purity silver coated copper backing target holder. The optimization of target electrodeposition, beam energy and current modulation, target dissolution and separation were optimized in this study. Preliminary studies show that ⁶¹Cu was successfully produced and separated which can be further extended for the production of ⁶⁴Cu and ⁶⁷Cu.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 고성능 HEVC 복호기 설계를 위해 SAO(Sample Adaptive Offset)의 수행시간 단축과 연산량, 하드웨어 면적 감소를 위한 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. 제안하는 SAO 하드웨어 구조는 $8{\times}8$ CU(Coding Unit)를 처리하는 연산기를 구성하여 하드웨어 면적을 최소화하고, 내부레지스터를 이용하여 $64{\times}64$ CU의 처리를 지원한다. 또한 기존 SAO의 top-down 블록분할 구조 대신 bottom-up 블록분할 구조로 설계하여 연산시간 및 연산량을 최소화한다. 제안한 SAO 하드웨어를 TSMC $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 표준 셀 라이브러리 이용해 합성한 결과 게이트 수는 30.7k개의 로직게이트로 구현되며 최대동작주파수는 250MHz이다. 제안한 SAO 하드웨어 구조는 하나의 매크로 블록을 복호화하는데 64사이클이 소요된다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2006

구조의 유기-무기 혼성화합물 Cu2(OH)3(CH3COO)·H2O를 선구물질로 사용하여 Cu2O를 합성하였다. 75oC의 수용액에서 Cu2(OH)3(CH3COO)·H2O를 글루코오스로 환원시켜서 정육면체 Cu2O를 합성하였다. 선구물질과 글루코오스의 효과를 조사하였다. Cu2(OH)3(CH3COO)·H2O의 구조는 균일한 크기의 Cu2O를 만드는데 중요한 역할을 한다.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.84-95
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• 2016

Considerably increasing interest in using the theranostic isotopes/ isotope pairs of radiometals like $^{44/47}Sc$ and $^{64/67}Cu$ for diagnosis and/or therapeutic applications in the nuclear medicine procedures necessitates its reliable production and supply. Separation and purification of no-carrier-added (NCA) isotopes from macro quantitates of the irradiated target matrix along with other impurities is a cardinal procedure amongst several other steps involved in its production. Multitudinous methods including but not limited to liquid-liquid (solvent) extraction, extraction chromatography (EXC), ion exchange, electrodeposition and sublimation are routinely applied either solitarily or in combination for the separation and purification of radioisotopes depending on their production routes, radioisotope of interest and impurities involved. However, application of EXC though has shown promises towards the numerous separation techniques have not received much attention as far as its application prospects in the field of nuclear medicine are concerned. Advances in the recent past for application of the EXC resins in separation and purification of the several medically important radioisotopes at ultra-high purity have shown promising behavior with respect to their operation simplicity, acidic and radiolytic stability, separation efficiencies and speedy procedures with the enhanced and excellent extraction abilities. In this mini review we will be talking about the recent developments in the application and the use of EXC techniques for the separation and purification of $^{44/47}Sc$ and $^{64/67}Cu$ for medical applications. Furthermore, we will also discuss the scientific and practical aspects of EXC in the view of separation of the NCA trace amount of radionuclides.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.560-565
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• 2007

화학환원법을 이용하여 폐동분 수용액에 환원제인 hydrazine을 첨가하여 $0.11{\sim}0.64{\mu}m$ 크기의 Cu 미립자를 제조하였으며, 이 과정 중 hydrazine의 첨가량이 얻어진 분말의 물성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 또한 분말합성 과정 중 분산제인 polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) 또는 polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) 첨가가 분말의 물성에 미치는 영향도 조사하였다. 1 M 농도의 폐동분 수용액에 hydrazine이 0.8 mol, 1.0 mol 첨가된 경우에는 Cu와 $Cu_2O$의 혼합물을 나타내어 순수한 Cu 분말을 생성하지 못했다. 반면 적당량의 hydrazine(1.2 mol)이 첨가된 경우에는 순수한 Cu 분말이 생성되었다. 또한 얻어진 Cu 분말의 평균크기는 hydrazine과 분산제의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 한편 분말의 응집을 억제하는 분산제로서 PVA의 사용이 PVP 보다 더욱 효과적이었다.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2016

Molecular imaging with the radiolabeled RGD peptides for ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ integrin has been an increasing interest for tumor diagnosis and the treatment monitoring. Recently, $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$ was developed for quantification of ${\alpha}_v{\beta}_3$ integrin and its biological properties was elucidated. To better understand the molecular process in vivo, we performed the kinetic analysis for the $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$. After preparation of a radiotracer, dynamic PET images were obtained in the U87MG xenograft mice for 60 min (n = 6). Binding potential values were estimated from the 3-tissue compartment model, reference Logan and simplified reference tissue model. In the early time frame (0-20 min), the liver, kidney, intestine, urinary bladder and tumor were visualized but these uptakes were diminished as time went by. The tumors showed a good contrast at 40 min after administration. $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$ showed the 2-fold uptake in the tumor compared with that in the muscle. The parametric maps for binding values also provide the higher tumor-to-background contrast than the static images. A binding value obtained from the 3-tissue compartment model was comparable to other modeling methods. From these results, we conclude that $^{64}Cu$-NODAGA-gluco-E[c(RGDfK)]$_2$ may be a promising PET radiotracer for the evaluation of angiogenesis.

• 대한방사성의약품학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

It is essential use of long term half life radioisotopes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study of biopharmaceuticals because most of biopharmaceuticals have long biological half-life. Some representative isotopes are $^{124}I$, $^{64}Cu$, $^{89}Zr$ and so on. These PET radioisotopes and their radiopharmaceuticals have recently received growing interest because of long half life and good imaging properties. Furthermore, $^{64}Cu$ and $^{89}Zr$ can be used in a number of radiopharmaceuticals due to its ease of conjugation to peptides and antibodies using the proper chelator. In recent years, since $^{124}I$ was first developed in 2005, we have been studied to develop an efficient method and procedure for producing these radioisotopes, and we have made considerable progress in production of long term half life radioisotopes. This review introduces the general production system, purification procedure, and several advances on targeting method for $^{124}I$ and $^{64}Cu$ in KIRAMS.