• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.361-366
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• 2002

A. capillaris Thunberg is often used as a medicinal herb. This analysis on A. capillaris Thunberg, showing its natural ingredients and nutritive elements, is to provide a better understanding of its content and help find more various ways of use. The ingredients of A. capillaris Thunberg are as follows : 14.12% of crude protein, 4.80% of crude lipid, 2.30% of crude ash, 8.10% of crude fiber, and the rest of the ingredients are vitamins and minerals. Minerals are 3295.02 mg% of K, 2787.01 mg% of P, 1436.01 mg% of Ca, 172.32 mg% of Mg, 21.23 mg% of Fe, 18.02 mg% of Mn, 8.11 mg% of Na, 1.24 mg% of Cu, and 0.002 mg% of Sn, and vitamins are 18602.00 ug% of $\beta$-carotene and 5.82 mg% of ascorbic acid. Fatty acids in A. capillaris Thunberg are of 23.86% of oleic acids (C18:1), 46.67% of saturated fatty acids, 33.40% of monousaturated fatty acids, and 19.83% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid (C18:1) is the most abundant fatty acid in A. capillaris Thunberg. P/S is 0.24. A. capillaris Thunberg contains about 20 kinds of amino acid. The total amount of amino acids is 1345.29 mg%, which can be divided into 79.95% of amino acids and 13.11% of essential amino acids. This 79.95% of amino acids consist of proline, tyrosine, asparagines, glutamic acid, and valine with amount of 438.58mg%, 310.20mg%, 120.30mg%, 118.66mg%, and 88.02mg% respectively. The essential amino acid is 176.83mg%. It is shown that A. capillaris Thunberg contatins various nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, fatty acids, and amino acids, so A. capillaris Thunberg can be regarded as a highly nutritious food.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.603-608
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• 2003

In approximate composition, crude protein, lipid, ash, crude fiber, and N-free extract constituted 14.70%, 3.10%, 6.90%, 18.20%, and 57.10%, respectively, in Korean safflower flowers, compared to 12.60%, 2.70%, 5.80%, 16.40% and 62.50%, respectively, in Chinese safflower flowers. This indicated that Korean safflower flowers surpassed their Chinese counterparts except in terms of N-free extract. Free sugars such as fructose, glucose, and sucrose were proven to be dominant in both domestic and Chinese safflower flowers, while little xylose was contained. For content of polyphenolic compound, Korean safflower flowers contained 13.85% water soluble extract and 9.70% MeOH extract, compared to 9.39% and 7.04%, respectively, for the Chinese variety, confirming the higher levels in the Korean variety. For fatty acids, (Ed- the following results are not presented in ratio form) saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids comprised 6.80% and 93.20% in Korean safflower flowers and 16.0% and 84.0% in Chinese safflower flowers, respectively. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitoleic acids comprised 75.30%, 11.60%, and 3.40% in Korean safflower flowers, and 66.70%, 11.20%, and 6.10% in the Chinese variety, respectively. Of amino acids, essential amino acids comprised 46.67% in Korean safflower flowers and 36.79% in the Chinese variety. Moreover, total essential amino acids in Korean safflower flowers were higher than those of their counterparts. Non-essential amino acid comprised 65.17% in the Korean variety and 54.49% in the Chinese. In terms of mineral content, Korean safflower flowers contained more Ca, Cu, Fe and Mn than those of China, while Chinese safflower flowers contained more A1, Ba, Mg, K, Na, Zn, Sr and P.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.565-576
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• 2021

This study was undertaken to measure changes in the composition of elk velvet antlers, by considering the part and growth days (40th day, 60th day). The collected samples were divided into the tip, upper, middle, and base part by position. Samples were analyzed for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, crude fiber, pH, minerals, and fatty acid and amino acid contents. The amounts of crude protein and crude fat were determined to be highest at the tip of the velvet antler by position, whereas dry matter and crude ash were high at the base. Crude protein contents were increased in the upper part but were decreased at the base, when assessed by growth day. Conversely, crude fiber and crude ash were found to be increased at the base by growth day. The pH value was determined to be lower at the tip, but did not differ when evaluated by growth day. Mineral contents (Ca, P, K) differed significantly by growth day in the middle portion of the antler. Saturated fatty acids tended to increase by growth day, whereas unsaturated fatty acids showed a decreasing trend. However, no significant difference was obtained for any of the components. Most amino acids were found to be high in the 60 days velvet antler, except isoleucine (Ile), which showed low levels at day 60. These results provide information on the changes in the composition of antlers, in cases of early cutting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 2006

This study has examined the physicochemical properties of the Pleurotus eryngii, including their proximate components, amount mineral content, total dietary fiber, total sugar, reducing sugar and free sugar. Additionally, it measured the P. egii ethanol extracts and the total amounts of polyphenol compounds as well as its electron donating ability (EDA) of the substance fraction (SF). The P. eryngii powder's moisture content was 9.0% and each of the other element content such as carbohydrate, crude protein, crude ash and crude fat was found to be 63.06%, 20.70%, 5.20% and 2.0% respectively. Potassium (K) was shown to be the greatest inorganic content and manganese (Mn) was the lowest. Furthermore fructose, galactose, glucose lactose and maltose free sugar content was found in this order. 387 mg% of the total amounts of polyphenol was found in the P. eryngii whole body ethanol extract, 158 mg% in the stipe extract, 593 mg% in the pileus extract and 607 mg% in the substance fraction (SF). Electron donating ability (EDA) was highest at 91.12% in the whole body extract and lowest at 62.90% in the stipe extract. Additionally, the EDA for substance fraction (SF) 0.02%-0.1% was found to be 57.78-77.33%, which was lower than the 0.02%-tocopherol (93.92%) and BHT (96.72%). From these results, it can be assumed that P. eryngii offers superior antioxidative effects with its high content of fiber, inorganic materials and total amounts of polyphenol as well as high electron donating ability (EDA), thereby making it ideal for use in functional foods and industrial materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.566-572
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• 1992

Proximate composition and the contents of free sugars, minerals, fatty acids, amino acids and in vitro digestibility of mixed pollen load were analyzed. The protein in pollen load per 100g was 25.2g, lipid 5.4g, non-fibrous carbohydrate 50.0g and fiber 10.4. Free sugars in pollen load, as dry basis g per 100g, was fructose 26.6g, glucose 13.1g, sucrose 0.2g, maltose 1.3g, melezitose 0.02g and F/G ratio was 2.0. The content of mineral in pollen load was in the order K > P > Mg > Ca > Fe > Na > Mn > Zn > Cu. Unsaturated fatty acid of pollen load was about 69.1% and polyunsalturated fatty acid being about 50.3%. The ratios of SFA : MUFA : PUFA and PUFA : SFA were 0.61 : 0.37 : 1.00 and 1.63 respectively. The total amino acid contained in pollen load 22,337.5mg/100g and total essential amino acid was 39.2% of the total amino acid. proline was the most abundant amino acid (2,824.7 mg/100g),followed by Glu, Leu, Asp, Val, Phe, Ile, Ala and Thr. E/T ratio of protein in pollen load was 2.03 ; protein score, 65.2(Lys) : A/E ratio(egg), 61.7(Lys) : amino acid score, 51.7% after 1hr and on non-fibrous carbohydrate was 80.6%. But that of protein was 67.3% after 1hr, 75.5% after 2hr.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1625-1633
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical compositions and antioxidative effects of Eriobotrya japonoca Lindl (Loquat). The proximate compositions of the loquat leaf on a dry matter basis were 8.78% moisture content, 6.74% crude protein, 7.87% crude fat, 6.99% crude ash, 43.61% dietary fiber and 26.01% carbohydrate. In analysis of free amino acids, 16 kinds total amino acid components, 17 kinds of components were isolated from loquat. The essential amino acids contained in loquat leaf accounted for 50.15% of total amino acids, while the non-essential amino acids accounted for 49.85%. In analysis of total fatty acids, only 5 kinds of acid were detected: lauric acid, myristic acid, pentadecanoic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The contents of vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C were 0.039 mg%, 0.096 mg% and 0.575 mg%, respectively. The mineral contents of loquat leaf were greater in order of Zn

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1197-1206
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• 2014

This study compared and analyzed the physiochemical and quality characteristics of young radish kimchi made with YR-FNC or YR-GC cultivated by organic farming as well as kimchi made with young radish cultivated by chemical composting/general farming (YR-Control). YR-Control showed higher contents of water and crude protein than YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi but lower contents of crude ash, dietary fiber, and vitamin C. YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi also showed higher contents of P and Cu than YR-Control but lower contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Zn. YR-Control fermentation progressed faster than that of YR-FNC or YR-GC after 24 days, and YR-Control more rapidly reached an appropriate pH. On the other hand, YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi fermentation progressed slow and did not reach a pH level below 5.3. For period of fermentation, YR-Control and YR-FNC kimchi showed no significant difference in reducing sugar content, whereas that of YR-GC kimchi decreased significantly after 24 days of fermentation (P<0.002). YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi showed 1.5~3 times higher total polyphenol and flavonoid contents than YR-Control at the beginning of fermentation, whereas YR-Control and YR-FNC kimchi showed a significant increase in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents during the fermentation period. By day 7 of fermentation, YR-FNC kimchi showed higher contents of lactic acid bacteria and total microbes than YR-Control. In the sensory evaluation, YR-FNC and YR-GC kimchi showed higher preference values than YR-Control. Therefore, kimchi made from young radish cultivated by organic farming has a longer freshness period than control kimchi and is characterized by excellent sensory quality, increased physiological contents, and improved beneficial health effects.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

A lot of organic wastes have been produced from diverse industries, they must be tested by the regulation of fertilizer control act if reuse the organic wastes for agricultural utilization. The regulation has had only two criteria; the content of organic matter and 8 heavy metals. This study was conducted to evaluation trace element (boron, cobalt, molybdenum, and selenium) and distribution of organic compounds with different classification for complement the regulation in 16 organic waste materials(62 samples) collected from different regions and industries. Contents of boron(leather industry sludge, $154.2mg\;kg^{-1}$; food company sludge, $57.1mg\;kg^{-1}$), cobalt(industrial area sewage sludge, $95.2mg\;kg^{-1}$; metropolitan sewage sludge, $22.9mg\;kg^{-1}$), molybdenum(metropolitan sewage sludge, $40.1mg\;kg^{-1}$; food company sludge, $16.8mg\;kg^{-1}$), selenium (fiber industry sludge, $28.1mg\;kg^{-1}$; leather industry sludge, $16.9mg\;kg^{-1}$; food company sludge, $15.9mg\;kg^{-1}$) were highest compare to the other organic wastes. Total PAHs contents were the highest in paper-mill manufacture($3,462ug\;kg^{-1}$), and among the 16 PAHs, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoroanthene, Anthracene and acenaphthene were detected more clearly than others in all kinds of organic resources.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.698-707
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• 2006

Precise and correct assessment of nutrient intake using appropriate dietary intake method is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the target people group. It is more likely so in elderly people since their dietary habits and inadequate nutrient intakes are of special concern even worse in rural areas. Two popular methods of gathering dietary intake are 24-hour recall and food frequency method (or food frequency questionnaire). In the present study, we conducted both 24-hour recall and food frequency method on 120 rural elderly people $(aged\;65{\sim}74\;years)$, 62 male and 58 female. The dietary intakes were analyzed and the correlation of the dietary intake between 24-hour recall and food frequency method to determine the reliability between two methods. Also each nutrient intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or nutrient reference value (NRV) as appropriate. Even correlation did not show significance between the two methods except for dietary fiber intake (0.65 at p<0.01) and energy-yielding nutrients which mostly showed similar results with nutrient intake level. These support the possible reliability between 24-hours record and food frequency method that is also shown on the cases of most mineral and vitamin intakes. Thus, the food frequency method used in this study for the assessment of nutrient intakes of the elderly people would be reliable for the assessment of the nutrient intake along with the 24-hour recall. Also, the present study results suggested that rural female elderly people would be under optimal nutriture status due to the lower food intake measured by 24-hour recall. The optimal food frequency method would be considered to be developed for the precise nutrient assessment.