• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2008

The influence of dietary beef tallow (BT) versus sunflower oil (SO) on meat quality and apparent digestibility and deposition of individual fatty acids in the whole carcass was investigated in pigs fed diets containing either BT or SO. The diets contained equal amounts of energy in the form of the variable fats and were fed on an iso-energetic, restricted basis. Crude fat in the SO diet was better digested (p<0.001) than in the BT diet. The dietary fat type had no effect on growth performance, physical properties of the carcass and meat quality. The pigs fed the BT diet showed lower (p<0.001) apparent digestibilities for palmitic and linoleic acid, but those of oleic and ${\alpha}$-linolenic acid were not affected. The ratio of deposition in the carcass to intake of digestible fatty acids for the whole feeding period was decreased (p<0.01) for oleic and linoleic acid in pigs fed the SO diet. The pigs fed the SO diet instead of the BT diet had a lower (p<0.05) deposition:intake ratio for mono-unsaturated fatty acids. The calculated minimum de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids was increased for the SO diet, but that of mono-unsaturated fatty acids was not different. In conclusion, the iso-energetic replacement of BT by SO had a marked impact on the fatty acid composition of tissues, but did not affect carcass and meat quality traits in spite of the marked difference in the deposition of linoleic acid in adipose tissues, loin muscle and the whole body. In addition, it became clear that the type of dietary fat had marked, specific effects on the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.516-523
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• 2020

Supercritical carbon dioxide (_SCO2) extraction was applied for the defatting of mealworm to prepare defatted powder (DP) and protein isolate (PI) and compare the process to press and hexane extraction, with respect to DP and PI physicochemical properties. _SCO2 DP was obtained by extracting 34.40% oil at 41.37 MPa, 40℃ for 180 min, and the product contained 71.66% crude protein, which is similar to that of hexane DP and higher than that of press DP. In using alkali protein extraction to prepare PI from DP, _SCO2 was as effective as hexane and better than press. _SCO2 produced brighter DP and PI than press, but not as much as hexane. Protein solubility was similar in all DP, with minimum values at pH 5. The highest water adsorption capacity was noticeable for _SCO2 PI, and _SCO2 DP showed an oil adsorption capacity comparable to that of hexane DP. _SCO2 DP and PI had better foaming capacity than press DP and PI and showed superior emulsion activity compared to others.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 1997

Major separation for the active ingredients and structural identification were performed in order for qualitative and quantitative analysis on Ligustici rhizoma or Angelicae tenuissimae Radix as an oriental herbal medicine for anodyne. The structure, composition and contents of ingredients for essential oil were determined by means of GC/MS. Several Angelicae tenuissimae Radix harvested in Korea were extracted, which has shown the higher crude content compared to that from China. The major component in Angelcae tenuissimae Radix extract was found to be Z-ligustilide (70-80%), which is very different from that in Ligustici rhizoma of which major component is proven to be senkyunolide (39%) with GC/MS.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.833-854
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• 2007

Output prices tend to respond faster to input price increases than to decreases. The 'rockets and feathers' hypothesis of asymmetric price behavior in petroleum market is tested by a full adjustment error correction model. Using monthly data for the period January 1977 to June 2006, evidence is found that there is a significant degree of asymmetry in the adjustment of wholesale prices to increases and to decreases in crude oil price. A similar hypothesis in regard to the exchange rate is also rejected by the data. Using weekly data over the period examined, evidence of asymmetry for gasoline, diesel and heating oil is also found in the transmission of price changes from wholesale to retail: retail prices increase more quickly in response to the wholesale price increases than to wholesale price decreases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 1989

The fatty acid composition of lipids separated from 14 kinds of canned fish and shellfish products from the market were examined. The crude lipid contents of canned fish and shellfish products showed wide difference (1.3-15.2%) depending on raw materials and kinds of products. Fatty acid composition of products were mainly consisted of polyenoic acid(34.5-61.4%), and followed by saturated acid(24.5-47.8%), monoenoic acid(12.4-32.0%). The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. In case of canned tuna in oil and canned smoked oyster in oil, linoleic acid was the most predominant component(48.2%, 34.6%). Judging from the results, canned fish and shellfish products were abundant of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in spite of the high temperature sterilization and lone storage periods.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.523-549
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• 2015

This paper investigates an oil refiner's asymmetric behavior in the adjustments of gasoline and diesel prices to changes in his own price and his rivals' prices as well as input costs. An asymmetric error correction model which allows a firm's pricing behavior to the deviation of other firms' prices from their long-run equilibrium level is employed for estimation using weekly data for the period April 2009 to January 2015. Evidence is found that there is a significant degree of asymmetry in the adjustment of wholesale prices to changes in crude oil price. A similar result in regard to the exchange rate is also found by the data. The estimation results for firm's response to changes in other firms' prices indicates that implicit collusion could be more easily exploited in the wholesale petroleum market as results of firms' interaction with each other and anticipation of rivals' pricing behavior. A few refiners show competitive price adjustment in response to the upward deviation of the others' prices from their equilibrium level.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

A new oil crop chufa(Cyperus esculentus var. sativus) was studied to evaluate the yield potential of tuber and productivity of leaf as a new forage crop resources. Response to nitrogen fertilizer was not clear, showing low yield over 10kg/l0a of nitrogen application. Tuber yield was higher at 50cm $\times$ 15cm and 50cm$\times$20cm of planting population of tuber. Planting at early May showed high tuber yield, and sprouting tuber planting could not increased the tuber yield. The plant height of Chufa is 126cm, and the number of tiller per $\m^2$ are 671. It is moderate to lodging, but susceptable according to the amount of field products. Fresh forage and dry matter yield of above ground of chufa were 2,135kg/10a, and 590kg/l0a, respectively. The contents of crude protein, ether extract, fiber, ash, and acid detergent fiber are 24.8%, 8.1%, 38%, 64.4%, 52.8%, and 55.9%, respectively. It was considered that the nutritive value of chufa leaf in maturing stage was so good as rice straw.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2011

Naphthalene was composed of a substantial fraction of polycyclic aromatic ydrocarbons(PAHs) in crude oil and causes acute toxicity. In this study, we examined the toxicity of different kinds concentrations 0, 1000, 1800, 3200, 5600, $10000{\mu}g/L$ of naphthalene to juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus for 24h to determine 24-median lethal concentration($LC_{50}$) and acute effect on the hematological properties. 24h-$LC_{50}$ value of this species was $3600{\mu}g/L$. Hematocrit value significantly increased at 5600 and $10000{\mu}g/L$ naphthalene exposed group by 24h compared to control fish. Plasma. Glucose was significantly higher in the $10000{\mu}g/L$ (P<0.05). Plasma osmolality was significantly higher in the 3200, 5600 and $10000{\mu}g/L$. Plasma [$Na^+$] and [$K^+$] significantly increased in the 5600 and $10000{\mu}g/L$, however [$Cl^-$] was not affected by acute naphthalene exposure. The results of this study suggest the acute exposure to naphthalene affects both ionoregulation and osmoregulation in juvenile flounder.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.3 s.62
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• pp.259-276
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• 2006

In rock mass subject to high in-situ stresses, the failure process of rock is dominated by the stress-induced fractures growing parallel to the excavation boundary. When the ratio of in situ stresses compared to rock strength is greater than a certain value, progressive brittle failure which is characterized by popping and spatting of rock debris occurs due to stress concentration. Traditional constitutive model like Mohr-Coulomb usually assume that the normal stress dependent frictional strength component and the cohesion strength component are constant, therefore modelling progressive brittle failure will be very difficult. In this study, a series of numerical analyses were conducted for surrounding rock mass near crude oil storage cavern using CW-FS model which was known to be efficient for modelling brittle failure and the results were compared with those of linear Mohr-Coulomb model. Further analyses were performed by varying plastic shear strain limits on cohesion and internal friction angle to find the proper values which yield the matching result with the observed failure in the oil storage caverns. The obtained results showed that CW-FS model could be a proper method to characterize essential behavior of progressive brittle failure in competent rock mass.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal sowing date for the spring sowing cultivation of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). To determine suitable rapeseed sowing dates for spring sowing cultivation, changes in growth, flowering characteristics, and seed production were investigated in Muan, South Korea between 2019 and 2020. 'Jungmo7001' is the suitable variety for spring sowing because of its early flowering characteristics, high seed yield, and the fact that it occupies the highest cultivation area in South Korea. When the yield of 'Jungmo7001' was investigated in 2019 and 2020, the highest yields recorded were 243 kg/10a in February 28, 2019, and 294 kg/10a in February 18, 2020. As a result, the optimal rapeseed seeding period is considered to be mid-to-late February in the southern region. There was no statistically significant difference in seed crude oil content. The content of oleic acid (C18:1) decreased, but that of linoleic acid (C18:2) and of linolenic acid (C18:3) increased significantly depending on the sowing date.