• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1978.09a
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• pp.43-49
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• 1978

This study was devised to observe the cytotoxic activity of extracts of Panax ginseng root against some cancer cells and to purify the crude extract. Three kinds of cancer cells(leukemic cells L5178Y, HeLa cells and Sarcoma 180 cells) and mouse embryo cells (as normal cells) were used for this study. The ginseng roots were extracted with petroleum ether in soxhlet apparatus, and the crude extracts were purified by the silicic acid column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography methods. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. Eight to ten mg of the petroleum ether extract (crude extract) were obtained from 1 g of Panax ginseng root, and its activities per mg were about 1,000 units. 2. Doubling time of the L5178Y cells was increased to two fold by 24 hours incubation in culture medium containing about one ${\mu}g$ of extract per ml, and eight and ten folds higher concentration of ginseng extract were required for the Sarcoma 180 cells and HeLa cells, respectively, than for the leukemic cells(L5178Y) to inhibit the cellular growth to the same degree. 3. When the L5178Y cells were exposed to medium containing various concentration of the extract for 24 hours before initiation of the soft agar cloning procedure, about $99\%$ of the L5178Y cells were killed at concentration of 8 units per ml. 4. The growth rate of mouse embryo cell (as normal cell) was not affected by the culture with media containing various amounts (1.45 to 30.0 ${\mu}g/ml$) of the extract. 5. The crude extract could be purified about four times by silicic acid column chromatography using several solvent systems, and one spot of active compound could be obtained on the thin-layer chromatogram. 6. In the Swiss mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180 cells, a survival time of the experimental group (injection group of active compound) was extended more. 1.5 to 2.0 times than the control group's(no injection group).

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 1991

As a part of studios on the Quality control of index components in crude drug preparations, extraction yields of ginseng saponins from crude drug extracts were identified by TLC and quantified by HPLC. So-Shi-Ho-Tang(小柴胡湯), Sa-Kun-Ja-Tang(四君子湯), Yook-Kun-Ja-Tang(六君子湯) and In-sam-Tang(人蔘湯) were extracted with water, 30%-ethanol, 50%-ethanol, 80%-ethanol and absolute ethanol to analyze ginseng saponins in the crude drug extracts prepared with various concentrations of ethanol. Ginseng saponins were extracted considerably more from the extracts with higher concentrations of ethanol than those with water or lower concentrations of ethanol. Extraction yields of ginseng-side-Rb$_1$, -Rb$_2$ and -R$_c$ from four crude drug preparations were the lowest as 4.9~45.9%, 5.0~40.1, and 6.3~43.7% in water extract and the highest as 29.5~62.6%, 26.7~61.4% and 31.4~62.0% in absolute ethanol extract, compared with those of 80%-methanol extracts.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.309-314
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• 2004

By treating crude enzyme extract from Aspergillus kawachii, the liquiritigenin content in the licorice (Glycyrrhizae Radix) was significantly increased. The liquiritigenin content reached its maximum level (45.7 mg/g licorice extract) after 60 min of incubation with the crude enzyme extract at $37^{\circ}C$, while the inactivated crude enzyme treated control contained trace amount (about 0.11 mg/g) of liquiritigenin. The enzyme-treated licorice extract inhibited more than 50% DPPH radical at 100 ppm and this was about two times higher activity compared to the enzyme-untreated control.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.92-100
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• 2013

This study investigated the quality and antioxidative properties of a Korean fried rice cake, Gaeseong-Juak (doughnut of waxy rice) added with Prunus yedoensis Matsumura (PYM) extract, vitamin C and BHT. Gaeseong-Juak was prepared by adding PYM extract at 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% of waxy rice powder. The moisture contents of Gaeseong-juak added with PYM extract varied between 17.50% and 21.70%. Among the samples, the lowest moisture content was 2% Gaeseong-juak added with PYM extract. The contents of the samples obtained from crude protein, crude fat, crude ash were 4.47~4.73, 11.15~12.50, and 0.73~0.82%, respectively. The as the content of PYM extract increased, L-values significantly decreased while a-value and b-value significantly increased (p<0.001). The texture profile analysis of the Gaeseong-Juak was not significantly different at the samples. In the sensory test, the sample containing 0.5% PYM extract obtained good scores. The antioxidative effect of the Gaeseong-Juak significantly increased as the addition level increased, compared to the original Gaeseong-Juak (p<0.001). From these results, we suggest that PYM is a good ingredient for increasing the consumer acceptability and the functionality of Gaeseong-Juak.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.311-315
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• 1997

Proximate compositions of black rice and antioxidative effects of its methanol extract on refined perilla oil were investigated. Black rice seeds were composed of water 12.4%, crude protein 7.9%, crude fat 2.2%, crude fiber 1.0%, ash 1.4% and N-free extract 75.1%. The hexane and 80% methanol fractions in yields were higher than 80% ethanol and chloroform. In AOM(active oxygen method) test, antioxidative effects of black rice added to the refined perilla oil was increased with dose-dependent fashion in concentration of the black rice extracts. Among several extracts tested, 80% aqueous methanol extract showed the highest antioxidative activity, followed by hexane, chloroform, in that order. The peroxide value and TBA value for their antioxidation stability were also lower than that of control. This result was similar to that of AOM test.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.201-208
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• 2006

Propionibacterium acnes have been recognized as pus-forming bacteria triggering an inflammation in acne. The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial activities of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai against these etiologic agents of acne vulgaris and application possibility as a cosmetic resource. D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was prepared and its anti-acne effect against Propionibacterium acnes was investigated with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and paper disk diffusion method. The MIC of D. crassirhizoma crude extract and hexane fraction was 0.008 mg/mL and 0.001 mg/mL, respectively. This implies that D. crassirhizoma extract may be an efficient anti-acne ingredient for cosmetics, as a crude extract. The paper disk diffusion assay showed that its anti-acne effect was similar to that of triclosan. The cytotoxic effect of D. crassirhizoma extract was determined by a colorimetric MTT assay using HaCaT cell line and D. crassirhizoma extract exhibited lower cytotoxic effects. Finally, we examine the stability of D. crassirhizoma extract to temperature and pH. The D. crassirhizoma extract was very stable to high temperatures ($25{\sim}121^{\circ}C$) and to wide pH range ($pH\; 2{\sim}11$), suggesting its utilization for cosmetics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.195-198
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• 2002

This study was performed to investigate whethere there is cross-reactivity between Dirofilaria immitis and three intestinal nematodes of dogs. In ELISA, D. immitis- infected dog sera obtained at the 4th molting stage (9-11 weeks) and microfilaremic stage (25-30 weeks) were shown to be highly reactive with crude extract of T. canis. In immunoblotting, some antigenic fractions, 44, 57 88, 100 kDa of crude extract of T. canis, were found to be positive reaction with sera of dogs infected with D. immitis. However, little or no cross-reaction were observed between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and crude extract antigen of T. vulpis or A. caninum. These result suggest that there are partial cross reaction between sera of D. immitis-infected dogs and the antigen of T. canis.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 1985

Performance of a screw press was investigated experimentally with soybeans of various temperatures in order to find out a proper temperature of soybean to extract the oil by the mechanical method. Crude oil extracted by the screw press was chemically analyzed to determine a level of processing the oil for the oil to be used as a fuel for a compression ignition engine. The crude oil was degummed and dried by a plant type laboratory experimental setup to decide whether the processes are effective to improve quality of the oil as a fuel. The degummed oil and the degummed and dried oil were also chemically analyzed and were compared with the crude oil and the commercially degummed and dried soybean oil. The results are as follows: 1. In extraction of soybean oil by a screw press, heating soybeans is effective to increase oil production and to decrease energy consumption of the press. A proper temperature of soybean to extract the oil by the press was determined as about $50^{\circ}C$. 2. Soybean oil production and electric energy consumption of the press are about 83 ml and 58 Wh per 1 kg of soybeans heated to about $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. 3. The quality of crude oil produced by the press is similar to that of the commercially degummed and dried oil. The crude oil does not need to be degummed or dried for use as an engine fuel.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2017

Background: The present study was carried out to asses whether mulberry leaves (MLs) have the potential to inhibit the mutagenic effect of cigarette smoke condensates (CSCs). Methods and Results: ML powder was extracted with 70% ethanol, and a yield of 35.1% by weight was obtained. The 70% ethanol extract of ML was further extracted sequentially using diethyl ether, chloroform, butanol, dichloromethane and water. The crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and its solvent fractions did not show any mutagenic effect when tested at concentrations up to 1 mg/plate against Salmonella typhimurium TA98. In contrast, the crude 70% ethanol extract showed an inhibitory activity against the mutagenicity of CSCs in the presence of S-9 mixture. Among the solvent fractions, the diethyl ether fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity, which increased in a dose-dependent manner, inhibiting mutagenesis by approximately 97.1% at a concentration of 1 mg/plate. Conclusions: In this study, we found that a crude 70% ethanol extract of MLs and the diethyl ether fraction themselves are potentially not mutagenic, but inhibit the mutagenic effect of CSCs.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.243-251
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• 2008

The effect of alcoholic extracts of Costus specious (Family: Zingiberaceae) was evaluated in experimental models of pain and inflammation. Oral administration of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of C. specious extracts were used for the above study. Crude extracts of C. specious (300 mg/kg dose) showed maximum time needed for the response against thermal stimuli ($7.242\;{\pm}\;0.532\;s$) which is comparable to diclofenac sodium ($8.471\;{\pm}\;0.25\;s$) in the hot plate test. The MPH (Maximum Possible Analgesia) has been found to be 14.285 for 300 mg/kg dose of the crude extract while the MPH for diclofenac was 15.857 after 60 min of administration in the hot tail-flick method. The crude extract at 300 and 200 mg/kg doses showed significant reduction in acetic acid induced writhings in mice with a maximum effect of 59.661% reduction at 300 mg/kg dose which is comparable to standard diclofenac sodium (73.4%). Alcoholic extract of C. specious showed significant inhibition in serotonin and egg albumin induced hind paw oedema in rats at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg of the crude extracts respectively (Serotonin induced edema 44.22; 53.75; 58.51%; egg albumin induced edema - 41.317; 53.892; 59.880% inhibition after 4 h respectively). The antiinflammatory effects showed by the extract were comparable to that of standard indomethacin 5 mg/kg (Serotonin induced edema 77.56%; egg albumin induced edema 77.844% inhibition after 4 h). These results suggest that the extract possesses both the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity on mice and rat model.