• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 1998

Polyoxyethylene monooleate was prepared by addition of ethylene oxide to oleic acid. And also, polyoxyethylene monooleate type oil dispersant was prepared by blending polyoxyethylene monooleate, n-paraffine, sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monopalmitate, and palm oil. Dispersion efficiency test was carried out by vertical shaking flask and swirling flask methods. Low toxic oil dispersant was prepared with polyoxyethylene monooleate, which has high biodegradability and excellent dispersion efficiency on crude oils and weathered W/O emulsions with high viscosity, and its dispersion efficiency was measured to various crude oils and weathered oils.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.514-517
• /
• 1999

Hydrolysis of EFB (empty fruit bunch) derived from oil palm was studied using crude enzyme from Aspergillus terreus IMI 282743 along with commercial enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Hydrolysis at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ with $\alpha$-cellulose or EFB gave significantly lower yield when commercial enzymes of T. reesei and A. niger were used and the hydrolysis time extended beyond 10 h. After 24 h of hydrolysis at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, the filter paper activity (Fpase) from A. terreus retained as much activity as A. niger and it was significantly higher than T. reesei. Glucose concentration of 0.25% and 0.5% caused significant inhibition in the crude enzyme, but in regards to the commercial enzymes it only showed a slight effect. Crude enzymes from A. terreus could produce the highest reducing sugars when compared to commercial enzymes from T. reesei or A. niger. Nevertheless, low yield of sugar was observed for EFB for all treatments.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 1992

항산화 효과가 화인된 붉나무 에탄올 조추출물 및 용매별 분획물에 ascorbic acid, citric acid, tocopherol, phosphoric acid, lecithin, phytic acid 등을 혼합, 괌유, 돈지, 대두유에 넣어 산화방지 효과를 Rancimat test에 의하여 비교하였다. 팜유에 붉나무 조추출물과 인산을 각각 200ppm 첨가시, 유도기간은 무첨가구에 비해 2.89배 증가했으며. 붉나무 추출물의 ethyl acetate 분획물 200ppm과 인산 200ppm을 첨가했을 때 유도기간은 4.18배, 같은 조건에서 chloroform 분획물은 2.48배의 유도기간 연장 효과가 있었다. 돈지의 경우 chloroform 분획물 600 ppm과 ${\delta}-Tocopherol\;200ppm$을 첨가한 경우 13.41배의 산화지연 효과를 나타내었다. 붉나무 분획물과 synergist를 팜유와 돈지에 각각 200ppm색 첨가하여 $60^{\circ}C$에 저장하연서 POV, AV 및 TBA가를 측정한 결과, 팜유의 경우 저장 27일후 무첨가구의 과산화물가는 98.3meq/kg인데 비해 ethyl acetate, chloroform 분획물에 인산을 첨가한 처리구의 과산화물가는 각각 8.9meq/kg, 9.14meq/kg으로 과산화물의 생성을 현저하게 억제 하였으며, 이에따라 산가와 TBA 가도 무첨가구 보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 또한 돈지에서의 과산화물가는 무첨가구가 161.1 meq/kg인데 비해 ethyl acetate, chloroform 분획물에 tocopherol을 첨가한 처리구는 각각 20.0meq/kg, 10.7meq/kg으로 과산화물의 생성을 크게 억제하는 현상을 보였으며, 산가나 TBA 가도 무첨가구보다 훨씬 낮아 팜유에서와 같은 경향을 나타내었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제22권11호
• /
• pp.25.1-25.9
• /
• 2019

Background: Due to the continuous demand for fish coupled with decline in capture fisheries, there is the need to increase aquaculture production to meet the demand. Aquaculture is faced with high cost of feeding since fish oil and fish meal are expensive. In view of this, there are calls to explore alternatives that are cheap and reliable. Objectives: This study on Oreochromis niloticus was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish oil (FO) with palm oil (PO) at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% on muscle fatty acid and proximate composition as well as growthrelated enzyme activities and mRNA expression. Methods: Oreochromis niloticus were fed five experimental diets (33% crude protein and 10% crude lipid) for 8 weeks. Feed had variation in fish oil and palm oil contents. After the 8 weeks feeding trial, five fish were sampled from each tank (15 from each treatment) and euthanized using an excess dose of tricaine methane sulfonate (MS-222 at 200 mg/L). Fatty acid and enzyme activities were analyzed using standard protocols. Also, RT-qPCR was used to quantify the expression levels of selected growth-related genes. Results: Fish fed 25% PO recorded the least muscle protein content and was significantly lower than the group fed 100% PO. Paired box protein 7 (Pax-7) enzyme activity was significantly higher in the group fed 50% PO compared to the groups fed 25% PO and 100% PO, while caplain-3 (Capn-3) was significantly lower in the group fed 0% PO compared to all other groups. There was a significant difference among treatments with respect to mRNA expression of Pax-7 and Capn-3. Group fed 25% PO had significantly lower mRNA expression of Pax-7, while the group fed 75% PO recorded significantly higher mRNA expression of Capn-3 compared to groups fed 0% PO, 25% PO, and 100% PO. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that Igf-I and Igf-II mRNA expression have significant correlation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids content in muscle. Conclusion: The results suggest muscle protein content could be modified if FO is replaced with PO. Also, mRNA expression of Pax-7 and Capn-3 is affected by replacing FO with PO.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.990-994
• /
• 2017

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable plastics produced by bacteria, but their use in diverse applications is prohibited by high production costs. To reduce these costs, the conversion by Pseudomonas strains of PHAs from crude sludge palm oil (SPO) as an inexpensive renewable raw material was tested. Pseudomonas putida S12 was found to produce the highest yield (~41%) of elastomeric medium-chain-length (MCL)-PHAs from SPO. The MCL-PHA characteristics were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry, gel permeation chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. These findings may contribute to more widespread use of PHAs by reducing PHA production costs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제29권10호
• /
• pp.1432-1442
• /
• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of palm and/or linseed oil (LSO) supplementation on carcass quality, sensory evaluation and fatty acid profile of beef from crossbred Wagyu beef steers. Twenty four fattening Wagyu crossbred beef steers (50% Wagyu), averaging $640{\pm}18kg$ live weight (LW) and approximately 30 mo old, were stratified and randomly assigned in completely randomized design into 3 treatment groups. All steers were fed approximately 7 kg/d of 14% crude protein concentrate with ad libitum rice straw and had free access to clean water and were individually housed in a free-stall unit. The treatments were i) control concentrate plus 200 g/d of palm oil; ii) control concentrate plus 100 g/d of palm oil and 100 g/d of LSO, iii) control concentrate plus 200 g/d of LSO. This present study demonstrated that supplementation of LSO rich in C18:3n-3 did not influence feed intakes, LW changes, carcass and muscle characteristics, sensory and physical properties. LSO increased C18:3n-3, C22:6n-3, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), however, it decreased C18:1t-11, C18:2n-6, cis-9, trans-11, and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acids, n-6 PUFA and n-6:n-3 ratio in Longissimus dorsi and Semimembranosus muscles.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2018

The potential of zinc fluorides with different molar ratios of Zn/F was applied as a solid catalyst in the simultaneous reaction of transesterification and esterification of crude palm oil (CPO) for biodiesel production. These materials were prepared by the fluorolytic sol-gel technique with different fluorine contents. The resulting samples were investigated using elemental analysis, XRD, FT-IR, TG/DTG, $N_2$ physisorption measurements and SEM. The results exhibited that the presence of fluorine strongly affected the catalytic activity in the biodiesel production. The catalysts with smaller fluorine contents (${\leq}1$) showed the best performance in all of the observed samples, yields from 92.94 to 89.95, 87.38 and 85.21% with increasing fluorine contents, respectively. The yield toward the formation of biodiesel depended on the phase and particle sizes of catalysts, but it was not influenced by surface area, pore size, and volume of the samples. The recovered catalyst showed a gradual decrease in activity over three cycles of same reactions.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.79-91
• /
• 2016

This paper is the first of its kind using a non-linear approach based on cross-correlation function (CCF) to investigate the information arrival hypothesis in crude palm oil (CPO) futures market. Based on daily data from 1986 to 2010, our empirical results reveal that: First, the volume of volatility is not a proxy of information flow. Second, dependence causality running from current return to future volume in conditional variance exhibit an asymmetric pattern of time span with different signs of correlation between price and volume series. This finding indicates the presence of noise traders' hypothesis of price-volume interaction in CPO futures market. Both findings suggest that this futures market is weak-form inefficiency. In terms of investors' behavior, they tend to change their expectations on current return based on errors made in previous trade in generating abnormal volume in the subsequent period. As implied, it is advisable for the investors devise their future trading strategies according to time span and changes of return.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.921-929
• /
• 2020

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with oil palm frond (leaf) (OPF) with and without oil palm meal (OPM) on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growth performance in goats. Methods: Six female crossbred goats were fed for 28 days of 3 diet treatments; 100% para-grass (T1); 50% para-grass + 50% OPF (T2), and 30% para-grass + 50% OPF + 20% OPM (T3). Body weight, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and urine volume, food intake, dry matter intake and water intake were measured daily. Nutrient digestibility was determined from five consecutive days of last week in each diet. Ruminal fluid, urine and blood were collected at the end for determination of rumen protozoa and volatile fatty acid contents, urinary allantoin excretion, blood cell count and chemistry profiles. Results: Goats fed T2 and T3 showed higher dry matter and nutrients intakes while protein digestibility was suppressed compared with those for T1. Crude fat digestibility declined in T2 but maintained after adding the OPM (T3). High fat intake by giving OPF and OPM corresponded to a higher ruminal acetate/propionate ratio (C2/C3) and serum cholesterol level. An increased urinary allantoin/creatinine ratio was found in T2 and T3 compared with T1, implying an increased number of ruminal microbes. Conclusion: Increased dry matter intake in T2 and T3 suggested that oil palm by-products are partly useful as a replacement for para-grass in goats. Replacement with the by-products increased plasma cholesterol level, which suggested that these products are a useful energy source. Changes in rumen parameters suggested an increased microbial number and activity suitable for acetate production. However, the limited digestibility of protein implies that addition of high protein feeds may be recommended to increase body weight gain of goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권10호
• /
• pp.1619-1626
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of levels of fungal (Lentinus sajor-caju) treated oil palm fronds (FTOPF) on digestibility, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen balance in goats. Methods: Four 16 month old male crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) goats with initial body weights of $33.5{\pm}1.7kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Four levels of FTOPF were assigned for feed intake. The experimental treatments consisted of 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% of oil palm fronds (OPF) being replaced by FTOPF. Results: The results revealed that total dry matter intake and nutrient intake were not influenced (p>0.05) by the inclusion of FTOPF. However, the efficiency values of the digestibility of the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin on FTOPF were higher (p<0.05) in treatments with 33%, 67%, and 100% of FTOPF compared with 0% of FTOPF. FTOPF feeding did not change the rumen pH, temperature, and $NH_3-N$. However, the FTOPF levels did affect the total volatile fatty acid (VFA), molar proportion of acetate, propionate, butyrate, ratio of acetic (propionic acid and acetic) plus butyric (propionic acid), and production of $CH_4$. The totals of VFA and propionate was lower in goat fed with 0% of FTOPF than in those of the other groups (p<0.05). The amount of nitrogen retention based on g/d/animal or the percentage of nitrogen retained was the lowest the goat fed with 0% of FTOPF (p<0.05), whereas nitrogen intake, excretion, and absorption were not changed among treatments. Conclusion: Based on this study, FTOPF could be effectively used as an alternative roughage source in total mixed ration diets, constituting at least up to 100% of OPF.