• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 1998

This study was carried out to obtain the information for growth characteristics of crown gall tumor and hairy root transformed by Agrobacterium spp,. on the media with phytohormones, casein hydrolysate and activated charoal. Crown gall tumors and hairly roots were formed respectively on potato tuber discs infected by tumerfaciens A ch 5 and A.rhizogenes ATCC15834. These tumors and roots could be grown on the phytohormone free media. PCR analysis of Rol C and Vir C gene fragments confirmed that crown gall root was prompted on the medium containing 2,4-D 2mg/l with casein hydrolysate lg/l. The survival ration of crown gall tumor callus derived from potato increased on medium containing the activated charcoal 0.5∼0.2mg/l because of the prevention, on the other hand, hairly roots were necrosis on the same medium. Callus derived from hairly root were excellently grown for a short time by suspension culture on liquid medium containing 2.4-d 2mg/L and casein hydrolysate lg/l.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.235-238
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• 2003

The resistance to crown gall in grape rootstocks was evaluated by inoculating cuttings from 27 grape rootstock varieties with Agrobacterium vitis strain Cheonan 493. Thmors were formed in all varieties of grape rootstocks tested in this study. The symptoms were observed in the stems of all plants tested including '196-17' and '41B'. Based on the measurement of tumor weight on the stems of grape rootstocks, '779P' was found to be higbly susceptible to crown gall. While some varieties such as 'Gloire', '140R', '101-14M', '3309C', and '333EM' were found to be relatively resistance to crown gall. Varieties such as '99R', '1447P', 'Rupestris du lot', 'll0R', 'Freedom', and '41B' were also found to be susceptibl~ to crown gall. Other~ varieties including 'l103P', 'Teleki. 5C', '420A', 'Golia', and '5BB' were found to be moderately susceptible.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2006

Crown gall on rose was observed in greenhouse during year 2003-2005. The disease incidence was up to 28.3% and the disease was the severer in hydrophonics culture than that in soil. The typical gall symptom occurred mainly on the root and crown resulting in poor foliage, stunting, and fewer blossoms. Sixty-three rose cultivars were inoculated with Agrobacterium. tumefaciens isolated from rose crown gall, to evaluate rose cultivar-specific resistance. The size of galls from inoculated rose stems was measured in a greenhouse test. Tumors formed in almost varieties of rose inoculated. Based on the frequency of tumor occurrence and weight of galls formed on the stem of rose, it was shown that 'Little Marble', 'Golden Gate' and 'Rosa Rox-ette' were extremely susceptible to crown gall. Some varieties such as 'Little Silver' appeared to be resistant to the crown gall.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.50-53
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• 2001

Severe crown gall disease was occurred in green house cultivating rose in Jinchen, Chungbuk recently. Although it causes problem on rose cultivation, the growers do not have many choices of control measures for the disease now. Agrobacterium radiobacter K84 has been known as a strong antagonist against A. tumefaciens, a pathogen causing crown gall disease, and used as a biopesticide for crown gall in many countries since it had been introduced in 1972. We tested control activity of A. radiobacter K84 for the crown gall disease on rose. Spray of A. radiobacter K84 suspension on above ground of rose either before or after pathogen spray reduced size and fresh weight of galls significantly. Size and fresh weight of galls on roses inoculated with pathogen either before A. radiobacter K84 spray (pathogen-K84 treatment) or after A. radiobacter K84 spray(K84-pathogen treatment) were 4 to 5% of those of galls on roses inoculated pathogen only. Disease incidence of plants inoculated pathogen only was 85% whereas disease incidence of pathogen-K84 or K84-pathogen treatments were 6.7% and 5.0% respectively. Dipping of roots of rose in suspension of A. radiobacter K84 was also reduced size of galls and diseased rate significantly. These results indicate that A. radiobacter K84 is effective in the prevention of gall formation by A. tumefaciens and it can be used to control of crown gall disease of rose.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.497-507
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• 2015

It is necessary to evaluate the resistance to disease among genetic resources for development of disease resistant grapes. This study was conducted to screen the resistance to crown gall in muscadine and Florida hybrid bunch grapes by pathogen inoculation. In order to compare the responses to infection with different pathogen strains, muscadine and Florida hybrid grapes were inoculated with 3 strains of Agrobacterium vitis. Although there were different levels crown gall formation among grape cultivars, there little variation in response to inoculated strains. Among 29 muscadine cultivars tested by inoculation of A. vitis 'C4612', most of them were shown to be susceptible, and 'Gold Isle' and 'Africa Queen' were highly susceptible, and two cultivars, 'Welder' and 'Jumbo' were found to be resistant to crown gall disease. Among Florida hybrid grapes, 'Daytona', 'Stover', and 'Swanee' were susceptible and 'Blanc du Bois' was moderately susceptible to crown gall. Because muscadine grapes have been actively utilized as useful genetic resources for development of new grape varieties by intersub-genus cross, this result from the screening of resistance among muscadine grapes can provide valuable information in breeding programs of grape resistant to crown gall.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 2008

To investigate the severity of crown gall disease on grapevine, the ratio of healthy vs. galled grapevines and the presence of the pathogen of the disease in soil were measured in Korean vineyards. In field and greenhouse cultivations, the crown gall incidence of the cv. Kyoho grapevines was $0.4{\sim}97.9%$ and $1.4{\sim}3.8%$ and those of cv. Campbell Early was $1.2{\sim}2.1%$ and $0{\sim}1.8%$, respectively. The higher populations of Agrobacterium spp. were isolated from soils of grapeveins with crown gall than from soils of noninfected vineyards. Based on the colony shapes and growth on plates, 480 isolates of Agrobacterium spp. from 21 soil samples were collected. Only 13 isolates out of 480 developed the gall on inoculated grapevines.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.197-201
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• 1996

우리나라 포도재배 지역인 포천, 남양주 및 수원의 포도나무 줄기혹병에 이병된 포장으로부터 채집한 줄기혹(gall), 수액(sap) 및 근권토양으로부터 56균주의 유사 Agrobacterium를 분리하였으며, 이들 중 7균주가 포도나무 유묘의 줄기에 혹ㅇ르 형성시키는 병원성 Agrobacterium biovar의 선택배지에서의 생장, oxidase의 생성, Na L-tartrate로부터 알칼리의 성장, 2% NaCl 첨가 배지에서 생장, 3-ketolactose의 비생산, mesoerythritol과 ethanol로부터 산을 생성하지 못하는 등 Agrobacterium biovar 3인 A. vitis로 동정되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.11-26
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• 1994

Crown gall of stonefruit and nut trees is one of the very few plant diseases subject to efficient biological control. The disease is caused by the soil-inhabiting bacteria Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the original control organism was a non-pathogenic isolate of A. rhizogenes strain K84. Control is achieved by dipping planting material in a cell suspension of strain K84 which specifically inhibits pathogenic strains containing a nopaline Ti plasmid. Because the agrocin 84-encoding plasmid (pAgK84) is conjugative, it can be transmitted from the control strain to pathogenic strains which, as a result, become immune to agrocin 84 and cannot be controlled. To prevent this happening, the transfer genes on pAgK84 were located and then largely eliminated by recombinant DNA technology. The resulting construct, strain K1026, is transfer deficient but controls crown gall just as effectively as does strain K84. Field data from Spain confirm that pAgK84 can transfer to pathogenic recipients from strain K84 but not from strain K1026. The latter has been registered in Australia as a pesticide and is the first genetically engineered organism in the world to be released fro commercial use. It is recommended as a replacement for strain K84 to prevent a breakdown in the effectiveness of biological control of crown gall. Several reports indicate that both strains K84 and K1026 sometimes control crown gall pathogens that are resistant to agrocin 84. A possible reason for this is that both strains produce a second antibiotic called 434 which inhibits growth of nearly all isolates of A. rhizogenes, both pathogens and non-pathogens. Crown gall of grapevine is caused by another species, Agrobacterium vitis. It is resistant to agrocin 84 and cannot be controlled by strains K84 or K1026. It is different from other crown gall pathogens in several characteristics, including the fact that, although a rhizosphere coloniser, its also lives systemically in the vascular tissue of grapevine. Pathogen free propagating material can be obtained from tissue culture or, less surely, by heat therapy of dormant cuttings. A number of laboratories are searching for a biocontrol strain that will prevent, or at least delay, reinfection. A non-pathogenic A. vitis strain F/25 from South Africa looks very promising in this regard.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2009

The roots of grapevine in the field in which the crown gall was occurred severely in Chungbuk province were collected and Agrobacterium spp. were isolated from the roots using the selective media. The selected 13 isolates were identified as A. tumefaciens with fatty acid analysis using MIDI system, nucleotide sequence of 16S rDNA, biochemical characteristics, and PCR with the species-specific primers. A. vitis, a pathogen of crown gall disease of grapevine was not isolated from the roots. All of the isolates did not show pathogenicity on the tomato seedlings and the stem and root of grapevine. Eric-PCR showed that DNA band patterns of the root isolates were a little more similar to A. tumefaciens than A. vitis. However, overall similarity between the root isolates and the pathogenic strains of A. tumefaciens and A. vitis was low by rep-PCR. These results suggest that a pathogen causing crown gall in grapevine in Chungbuk province may transmitted through the seedlings rather than via soil or roots.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.2
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• pp.256-259
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• 2000

D.B.H., height, crown length, crown width, crown form, crown area, and crown volume of dead and live trees were measured and the discriminant analysis was conducted to assess individual tree risk-rating in the pine forest seriously infested by the pine needle gall midge. Thecodiplosis japonensis. Crown length, crown form, crown area, and crown volume of live tree were significantly higher than those of dead tree, while D.B.H. and tree height were not different significantly. These results represent that the trees with higher and wider crown and larger crown volume have relatively higher probability to survive from the infestation by the pine needle gall midge. Variables selected in the functions of discriminant analysis were crown area, ratio of crown length, crown form, ratio of crown volume to crown area, and ratio of crown width.