• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 1997

To obtain more sensitive immunoassay for methamphetamine (MA) determination, the optimum condition of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was investigated in regard to immunogens, antibody purification methods and coating tracers. Activated MA, N-(4-aminobutyl)methamphetamine (4-ABMA), was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used as immunogen. The antibodies were purified by protein G chromatography or various immunoaffinity chromatography-linked MA-protein ligands, such as MA-BSA, MA-KLH or MA-ovalbumin (OVA). Each purified antibody was characterized by means of sensitivity and cross-reactivity using the three MA-protein coating tracers, MA-BSA, MA-KLH and MA-OVA. The best sensitivity of each antibody was acquired with the MA-OVA tracer although the tracer concentration and the antibody titer level at optimum condition were varied. The antibody with high titer level did not always yield good sensitivity. At optimum condition, immunoaffinity chromatography-purified antibodies were better for sensitivity and for specificity than protein G-purified antibodies. The cross-reactivity of the purified antibodies seemed to be affected by immunogen structure and showed somewhat different patterns according to the immunoaffinity ligand utilized. These data show that the antibody purification method as well as choice of coating tracer and immunogen is essential for the sensitivity and specificity of EIA; the optimum condition for assay should be discovered using various methods and combinations.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2014

In this study, skin permeation enhancement was confirmed by designing it to have a structure and composition similarity to the intercellular lipids that improve miscibility with skin by cross-linked lipids poloxamer. The cross-linked lipids poloxamer was synthesized and analyzed by 1H NMR that structure dose had conjugated pluronic with ceramide3. Active component is released by modification of liquid crystal structure because PPO part, large-scale molecule block of pluronic, has hydrophobic nature at skin temperature of $35^{\circ}C$. Conjugated pluronic with ceramide3 was synthesized using Pluronic F127 and p-NPC (4-nitrophenyl chloroformate) at room temperature yielded 89%. Pluronic(Ceramide 3-conjugated Pluronic) was synthesized by reaction of p-NP-Pluronic with Ceramide3 and DMAP. The yield was 51%. This cross-linked lipids poloxamer was blended and dissolved at isotropic state with skin surface lipids, phospholipid, ceramide, cholesterol and anhydrous additive solvent. Next step was preceded by ${\alpha}$-Transition at low temperature for making the structure of Meso-Phase Lamella, and non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal using thermo-sensitivity smart sensor, lamellar liquid crystal structure through aging time. For confirmation of conjugation thermo-sensitivity smart sensor and non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal, structural observation and stability test were performed using XRD(Xray Diffraction), DSC(Differential Scanning Calorimetry), PM (Polarized Microscope) And C-SEM (Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscope). Thermo-sensitivity observation by Franz cell revealed that synthesized smart sensor shown skin permeation effect over 75% than normal liquid crystal. Furthermore, normal non-hydrous skin analogue liquid crystal that not applied smart sensor shown similar results below $35^{\circ}C$ of skin temperature, but its effects has increased more than 30% above $35^{\circ}C$.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.657-668
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• 2020

A novel multistage approach is developed for structural model updating based on sensitivity ranking of the selected updating parameters. Modal energy-based sensitivities are formulated, and maximum-normalized indices are designed for sensitivity ranking. Based on the ranking strategy, a multistage approach is proposed, where these parameters to be corrected with similar sensitivity levels are updated simultaneously at the same stage, and the complete procedure continues sequentially at several stages, from large to small, according to the predefined levels of the updating parameters. At every single stage, a previously developed cross model cross mode (CMCM) method is used for structural model updating. The effectiveness and robustness of the multistage approach are investigated by implementing it on an offshore structure, and the performances are compared with non-multistage approach using numerical and experimental vibration information. These results demonstrate that the multistage approach is more effective for structural model updating of offshore platform structures even with limited information and measured noise. These findings serve as a preliminary strategy for structural model updating of an offshore platform in service.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.222-229
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to determine the predictors of cultural sensitivity for nursing students in Korea. Methods: The participants in this study were 332 nursing students. Data collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires which were constructed to include a Cultural Sensitivity Scale, Knowledge of Culture, Interpersonal Reaction Index, and Self-efficacy Scale. Results: Results showed that cultural sensitivity of nursing students was middle range. Knowledge level of culture was very low. There was a significant positive correlation between cultural sensitivity and knowledge of culture, empathy, and self-efficacy. The significant factors influencing cultural sensitivity of nursing students were empathy, self-efficacy, experience of an overseas trip and awareness of cultural education. These four factors explained 23.8% of the variance in cultural sensitivity of nursing students. Conclusion: These results indicate that cultural sensitivity is an important link with empathy and self-efficacy in nursing students. For nursing students to enhance cultural sensitivity, a transcultural nursing curriculum needs to develop for appropriate and effective services in cross-cultural situations of the multicultural families in Korea.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.484-491
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• 2005

Using a disturbance observer is effective in enhancing the performance of dynamic system in presence of disturbances. Although various types of disturbance observers have been proposed to improve sensitivity of systems, there exist poor transient responses due to cross-couplings among disturbance observer loops. In this paper, dual disturbance observer (DOB) is proposed to reduce the effects of the cross-couplings. A different type of loop transfer function is proposed for external disturbance observer. While improving the sensitivity function by adding external DOB, it also provides improved complementary sensitivity function. The proposed dual DOB is applied to a commercial optical disk drive tracking system. It is shown that the dual DOB is an effective method in rejecting the effect of disturbance as well as improving the tracking performance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4272-4279
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• 2022

In this study, a cross section stochastic sampling (S.S.) capability is implemented into both the McCARD continuous energy Monte Carlo code and MIG multiple-correlated data sampling code. The ENDF/B-VII.1 covariance data based 30 group cross section sets and the SCALE6 covariance data based 44 group cross section sets are sampled by the MIG code. Through various uncertainty quantification (UQ) benchmark calculations, the McCARD/MIG results are verified to be consistent with the McCARD stand-alone sensitivity/uncertainty (S/U) results and the XSUSA S.S. results. UQ analyses for Three Mile Island Unit 1, Peach Bottom Unit 2, and Kozloduy-6 fuel pin problems are conducted to provide the uncertainties of k_eff and microscopic and macroscopic cross sections by the McCARD/MIG code system. Moreover, the SNU S/U formulations for uncertainty propagation in a MC depletion analysis are validated through a comparison with the McCARD/MIG S.S. results for the UAM Exercise I-1b burnup benchmark. It is therefore concluded that the SNU formulation based on the S/U method has the capability to accurately estimate the uncertainty propagation in a MC depletion analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1322-1326
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• 1999

In2O3 thick film gas sensor for detecting NOx gas of high concentration was fabricated by a screen printing technique. This work focussed on investigation of the change of sensitivity to NOx gas with firing temperatures of sensing layer and on improvement of the sensitivity by adding catalysts such as Al,. Ru, and SnO2 The cross sensitivites of sensor to CO, H2, CH4 and i-C4H10 gases were also examined under NO2 gas concentration of 200ppm Pure In2O3 gas sensor prepared at a firing temperature of 50$0^{\circ}C$ showed a maximum sensitivity to NOx gas at the operating temperature of 40$0^{\circ}C$ Al(0.004 wt%)-In2O3 sensor largely improved the sensitivities to both NO2 and NO gas and showed a superior selectivity compared with other gas sensors.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.12
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• pp.545-552
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• 2003

When a Si PIN diode is exposed to fast neutrons, it results in displacement damage to the Si lattice structure of the diode. Defects induced from structural dislocation become effective recombination centers for carriers which pass through the base of a PIN diode. Hence, increasing the resistivity of the diode decreases the current for the applied forward voltage. This paper involves the development of a neutron sensor based on the phenomena of the displacement effect damaged by neutron exposure. The neutron effect on the semiconductor was analyzed. Several PIN diode arrays with various thickness and cross-section area of the intrinsic layer(I layer) were fabricated. Under irradiation tests with a neutron beam, the manufactured diodes have a good linearity to neutron dose and show that the increase of thickness of I layer and the decrease of cross-section of PIN diodes improve the sensitivity. Newly developed PIN diodes with thicker I layer and various cross section, were retested and then showed the best neutron sensitivity at the condition that the I layer thickness was similar to a side length. On the basis of two test results, final discrete PIN diodes with a rectangular shape were manufactured and the characteristics as neutron detectors were analyzed through the neutron beam test using on-line electronic dosimetry system. Developed PIN diode shows a good linearity as dosimetry in the range of 0 to 1,000cGy(Tissue) and its neutron sensitivity is 13mV/cGy at constant current of 5mA, that is three times higher than that of commercially available neutron detectors. And the device shows little dependency on the orientation of the neutron beam and a considerable stability in annealing test for a long period.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2018

We developed a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) kit for detecting IgG/IgM antibodies against Zika virus (ZIKV) using monoclonal antibodies to the envelope (E) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of ZIKV. These proteins were produced using baculovirus expression vector with Sf9 cells. Monoclonal antibodies J2G7 to NS1 and J5E1 to E protein were selected and conjugated with colloidal gold to produce the Zika IgG/IgM RDT kit (Zika RDT). Comparisons with ELISA, plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and PCR were done to investigate the analytical sensitivity of Zika RDT, which resulted in 100% identical results. Sensitivity and specificity of Zika RDT in a field test was determined using positive and negative samples from Brazil and Korea. The diagnostic accuracy of Zika RDT was fairly high; sensitivity and specificity for IgG was 99.0 and 99.3%, respectively, while for IgM it was 96.7 and 98.7%, respectively. Cross reaction with dengue virus was evaluated using anti-Dengue Mixed Titer Performance Panel (PVD201), in which the Zika RDT showed cross-reactions with DENV in 16.7% and 5.6% in IgG and IgM, respectively. Cross reactions were not observed with West Nile, yellow fever, and hepatitis C virus infected sera. Zika RDT kit is very simple to use, rapid to assay, and very sensitive, and highly specific. Therefore, it would serve as a choice of method for point-of-care diagnosis and large scale surveys of ZIKV infection under clinical or field conditions worldwide in endemic areas.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.388-391
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• 2003

Disturbance observer(DOB) is effective to enhance the performance of system in the presence of disturbances. Various types of disturbance observer have been proposed to improve sensitivity function of system. However, it has been observed that current DOBs tend to bring poor transient response due to cross-couplings. This paper proposes a new type of disturbance observer to reduce effect of cross-couplings and provide simpler structure than Dual DOB. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed DOB through numerical simulations.