• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2012

Objectives: This study sought to provide guidelines in order to decrease the incidence of nerve injury during mandibular ramus bone harvesting, and to improve understanding of the anatomical structure of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) to include its distance from the exterior buccal cortex. Materials and Methods: In January and February 2009, 20 patients who visited the Wonkwang University Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery reporting various conditions underwent cone beam computed tomography and were included in this study. Patients with missing left or right mandibular first molars or incisors, or who had jaw fracture or bone pathologies, were excluded. The reference point (R point) was defined as the point where the occlusal plane reached the anterior ramus of the mandible. The position of the IAC in relation to the R point, the buccal bone width (BW), the alveolar crest distance (ACD), the distance from the alveolar crest to the occlusal plane (COD), and the distance from the IAC to the sagittal plane (CS) were determined using proprietary image analysis software which produced cross-sectional coronal and axial images. Results: The distance medially from the R point to the IAC along the axial plane was $6.19{\pm}1.21mm$. The HD from the R point, posteriorly to IAC, in the lateral view was $13.07{\pm}2.45mm$, the VD from the R point was $14.24{\pm}2.41mm$, and the ND from the R point was $10.12{\pm}1.76mm$. The pathway of the IAC was positioned almost in a straight line along a sagittal plane within $0.56{\pm}0.70mm$. The distance from the buccal bone surface to the IAC increased anteriorly from the R point. Conclusion: Marking osteotomy lines in the retromolar area in procedures involving bone harvesting should be discouraged due to the risk of damage to IAC structures. Our measurements indicated that the area from the R point in the ramus of the mandible to 10 mm anterior can be safely harvested for bone grafting purposes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4685-4690
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• 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between cosmetic outcome (CO), body image, and quality of life in post breast-conserving therapy (BCT) women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study concerned one-year post-completed BCT Thai women. The data included subjective and objective CO with a questionnaire covering demographic and clinical data, anti-hormonal treatment status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, Self-Reported Cosmetic Outcomes (SRCO), Self-Reported Breast Symmetry (SRBS), Body Image Scale (BIS), and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy with Breast Cancer subscale (FACT-B). Participants had breast photographs taken for the evaluation of objective cosmetic outcome (OCO) after breast cancer conservation treatment. The relationship between CO and FACT-B was tested using Spearman's rank correlation Results: A total 127 participants volunteered for the study. The participant characteristics were age 52(${\pm}9$), Buddhist 87%, married 65%, body mass index 25.0(${\pm}4.6$), breast cup size A-C 91%, college educated 60%, employed 66%, ECOG 0-1 95%, tumor size less than or equal to 2 cm 55%, no lymph node metastasis 98%, and taking tamoxifen 57%. Two percent of the participants regretted their decision to undergo BCT. The SRCO was excellent in 2%, good in 68%, fair in 30%, and poor in 0%. For SRBS, rates were 17%, 58%, 24% and 1% for excellent, good, fair and poor cosmetic outcomes, respectively. The BCCT scores were excellent 24%, good 39%, fair 32%, and poor 6%. The median total QOL score of the participants was 130 (93-144). There was no significant correlation between CO and FACT-B scores. Conclusions: The significance of CO for FACT-B in Thai women with breast cancer could not be assessed in detail because of a very low level of correlation. The results may be due to the effects of cultural background.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8391-8396
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• 2016

Thailand is becoming an aging society, this presenting as a serious problem situation especially regarding health. Chronic diseases found frequently in the elderly may be related to dietary intake and life style. Surin province has been reported as a risk area for liver fluke with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinma especially in the elderly. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional status and associated factors among elderly in Surin province, northeast of Thailand. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 405 people aged 60 years and above, between September 2012 and July 2014. The participants were selected through a randomized systematic sampling method and completed a pre-designed questionnaire with general information, food recorded, weight, height, waist circumference, and behavior regarding to food consume related to liver fluke infection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The majority of participants was female (63.5%), age between 60-70 years old (75.6%), with elementary school education (96.6%), living with their (78.9%), and having underlying diseases (38.3%). Carbohydrate (95.3%) was need to improve the consumption. The participants demonstrated under-nutrition (24.4%), over-nutrition (16.4%), and obesity (15.4%). Elderly had a waist circumference as the higher than normal level (34.0%). Gender, female, age 71-80 years old, elementary school and underlying diseases were significantly associated with poor nutritional status. The majority of them had a high knowledge (43.0%), moderate attitude (44.4%), and moderate practice (46.2%) regarding food consumption related to liver fluke infection. In conclusion, these findings data indicated that elderly age group often have an under- or over-nutritional status. Carbohydrate consumption needs to be improved. Some elderly show behavior regarding food consumption that is related to liver fluke infection hat needs to be improved, so that health education pertaining good nutrition is required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.2119-2125
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• 2013

Background: The aim of the study was to determine risk factors for cervical cancer for women in Izmir. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive field covered a population of 4319 women of reproductive age (15-49) (household registration in the Mukhtar's office-2007). A total of 1,637 women were included in the sample given a four-part questionnaire through face-to-face interview by visiting the women in their homes in order to determine socio-demographic factors, obstetric history, genital hygiene and the use of family planning methods. In addition, during the data collection process, the women were given group training in order to raise awareness of cervical cancer. The number and percentage distributions of the data were calculated. Results: While the average age of the women was $31.9{\pm}9.77$ (Min: 15.00-Max: 49.00), education level of 43.4% of them was elementary school only. It was determined that 70.3% of the women experienced at least one pregnancy, 71.0% had vaginal delivery and 75.9% used a contraceptive method. In the study it was determined that among the cervical cancer related risks vaginal delivery, vaginal lavage and having three or more pregnancies had the highest rates, while having sexual intercourse before 16 years of age and having more than one sexual partner constituted lower rates. The rate of the women who stated not having a smear in the last three years was 82.4%. Conclusions: Considering the case in terms of having Pap smear test, women's awareness on the risk factors and early diagnosis of cervical cancer was found to be low. Due to this reason, awareness of women has to be raised through education.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nurses' perception of clinical nutrition services. A cross-sectional survey design was performed. The research was accomplished by using questionnaires developed for this study and administered from September 12 to December 31, 2013 to 343 nurses at 43 tertiary hospitals and 20 general hospitals. The percentage of nurses who recognized clinical nutrition certificate as issued from nation was 27.8%. The mean scores of perceived usefulness on clinical nutrition services was 4.23/5.00, whereas that of perceived implementation was 3.76/5.00. The mean scores of necessity of disease-specialized clinical dietitian at capital hospitals were significantly higher for obesity (P<0.01), cancer (P<0.05), and infant & childhood disease (P<0.01) than at local hospitals. The rates of nurses' experience in group education on cancer at capital hospitals (21.7%) was significantly higher than that at local hospitals (10.3%) (P<0.05). The mean scores of perceived importance of clinical nutrition services were 4.46/5.00 for 'group nutrition education', 4.46/5.00 for 'individual consultation', and 4.40/5.00 for 'nutrition management for enteral nutrition (EN) patients'. The most common reason why clinical nutrition services are important was 'improving malnutritional status'. To activate clinical nutrition services especially at local hospitals, clinical dietitians should give systematic assistance to patients and also institutional supports are needed.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 국제의료기관평가를 경험한 임상간호사의 조직몰입 정도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 서술적 조사연구로 구조화된 설문지로 진행하였다. 연구도구로는 일반적 특성 9문항, 국제의료기관평가에 대한 인식(Yang & Choi, 2014) 16문항, 평가관련 직무스트레스(Park, 2005) 5문항, 조직몰입(Mowday, Porter, & Steers, 1979) 15문항을 사용하여 측정하였다. 연구결과: 임상간호사가 지각한 국제의료기관평가에 대한 인식 정도는 5점 만점에 3.21점, 평가관련 직무스트레스 정도는 5점 만점에 4.08점, 조직몰입 정도는 5점 만점에 2.65점이었다. 임상간호사의 일반적 특성 중 학력(F=3.59, p=.029)에 따라 조직몰입 정도에 차이가 있었고, 국제의료기관 평가를 경험한 임상간호사가 지각한 조직몰입 정도는 국제의료기관평가에 대한 인식 정도와 정의 상관성을 나타냈고, 직무스트레스 정도와는 부의 상관성을 나타냈다. 조직몰입 정도에 대한 설명력은 26.3%이었고, 학력, 국제의료기관평가에 대한 인식 정도 및 평가관련 직무스트레스가 영향요인으로 확인되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통하여 국제의료기관평가는 임상간호사의 조직몰입 정도에 유의하게 영향을 미쳤다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 이러한 결과는 국제의료기관 평가에 대한 인식을 강화하고 평가관련 직무스트레스를 감소시키는 전략을 수립하는 데 유용하게 활용될 것이다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2011

최근에는 건축물의 대형화, 고층화라는 시대적인 흐름과 요구로 인해서 철골 구조의 수요가 급증하고 있다. 일반적인 철골 구조의 해석은 접합부를 강접합과 단순접합으로 가정하여 수행되고 있는데, 강접합(Fixed connection)의 경우에는 절점에 연결된 각 부재의 변형 전 상대적인 각도가 변형 후에도 그대로 유지된다고 가정하므로 접합부가 충분한 강성을 발휘하고 안정성을 확보하도록 패널존 부분에 스티프너로 보강을 한다. 하지만 인건비 상승과 함께 강접 접합부의 제작비가 과도해짐으로 경제성 측면에서 스티프너 보강을 생략한 접합부의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 반면, 단순접합(Pinned connection)의 경우에는 단순보처럼 거동하여 보와 기둥 사이에 휨모멘트가 전달되지 않는다고 가정한다. 이는 공장제작이 간단하고, 시공이 간편한 장점이 있으나 접합부에서 모멘트를 전달할 수 없어서 구조적인 효율이 떨어지는 단점이 있다. 반강접의 도입은 단면치수 결정의 효율성을 증대하고, 현장에서의 부재조립 용이성, 골조 전체의 안전성 확보 등의 이점이 있어서 외국의 경우, 보-기둥 접합부의 실제적인 거동을 파악하기 위해서 계속적인 노력을 해왔고 그 결과를 규준에 적용하고 있다. 본 논문은 미국 AISC의 LRFD 설계규준을 참고하여 국내 강재를 적용한 반강접의 구조해석을 실시해서 각 강재에 대한 자료은행을 만들 것이고 이상화된 접합부의 구조해석 결과와 비교하여 경제성 측면, 단부 고정계수, 회전강성과 함께 반강접을 고려한 구조물의 설계 방안을 제시 하고자 한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2018

이 연구는 체질량지수(Body mass index, BMI)가 정상이고 허리둘레(Waist circumference; WC)가 높은 여성과 WC가 정상이고 BMI가 비만인 성인여성들의 순환대사위험요인을 검토하는 것이었다. 대상자는 여성 1,447명(30-60세)이었으며 BMI와 WC에 따라 4 그룹, 즉 그룹 1 (BMI<$25kg/m^2$, WC<85cm) 그룹 2 (BMI<$25kg/m^2$, WC>85cm) 그룹 3(BMI>$25kg/m^2$, WC<85cm) 그룹 4 (BMI>$25kg/m^2$, WC>85cm)로 구분하였다. 그룹 2는 그룹 1에 비해 위험요인을 1개 이상 가지고 있을 확률이 1.89배 높았으며, 2개 이상인 경우도 1.75배 높았다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 정상체중이지만 허리둘레가 높은 복부비만자들을 초기에 조사하여 더 악화되기 이전에 적절한 개인별 운동 및 식사 처방을 제공함으로써 이들이 건강하지 못한 형태로 악화되는 것을 예방할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 이들을 위한 적절한 운동내용에 대한 연구도 추후 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with moderate chronic periodontitis (CP). Methods: Electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP were included in the study. Full-mouth plaque and gingival indices, probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and marginal bone loss (MBL) were assessed. The GCF was collected, and its volume and levels of IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 were assessed. These parameters were evaluated at baseline and 3 months after SRP. The sample size was estimated, and comparisons between groups were performed. P<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: Thirty-six electronic cigarette users (47.7±5.8 years old) and 35 non-smokers (46.5±3.4 years old) with CP were included. At baseline, there were no differences in plaque index (PI), PD, CAL, MBL, and GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 between electronic cigarette users and nonsmokers. At the 3-month follow-up, there were no significant differences in PI, gingival index (GI), PD, CAL, and MBL in electronic cigarette users compared to baseline, while there were significant reductions in PI, GI, and PD among non-smokers. At the 3-month follow-up, GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly elevated in both groups (P<0.05) compared to baseline. The increases in GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 levels were significantly higher in non-smokers (P<0.05) than in electronic cigarette users at the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: Levels of GCF IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 increased after SRP in electronic cigarette users and non-smokers with CP; however, the anti-inflammatory effect of SRP was more profound in non-smokers than in electronic cigarette users.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2001

두개저의 길이와 폭경 그리고 굴곡의 정도는 그 하부 구조물인 상악골을 포함한 비상악복합체 및 하악골의 길이와 폭경 그리고 전후방적 위치를 결정짓는 중요한 요인으로 역할하며, 이에 따른 안면골의 다양한 구조물들 간의 구조적 관계는 각기 다른유형의 부정교합관계를 형성하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 측두방사선 계측학에서 두개저의 열리고 닫힘을 표현하는 계측치로 흔히 사용되는 안장각(N-S-Ba, N-S-Ar) 또는 중두개저각$({\angle}MCF)$ 등과 I급과 III급 부정교합을 보이는 어린이들의 안면골 계측치 간의 구조적 관계를 평가하여 두개저의 굴곡정도가 안면골을 구정하는 각 구조물과 부정교합 유형과의 관계를 구명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 $7\sim12$세 사이의 I급과 III급 부정교합을 보이는 어린이의 측두 규격방사선사진(208매)을 계측하여 통계적으로 비교, 평가한 결과, 안장각보다는 중두개저각이 안면골의 구조과 부정교합의 유형과 밀접한 관계를 지니고 있으며, 특히 III금 부정교합 어린이의 중두개저각과 안면골의 각 구조물들은 $9\sim11$세 사이에 뚜렷한 변화를 나타내는 것으로 가늠된다.