• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.79-90
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• 2013

Objectives: This study is based on Public Care Service for Chronic Diseases in Incheon Metropolitan City featuring Health-Point Service. It is objective to evaluate whether the service could improve self-management ability of hypertension and diabetes patients. Methods: The knowledge about diabetes and hypertension, which can be improved by educational intervention, is considered as one of the most important factor for self-management ability. While the education service have been conducted, 194 patients who have been diagnosed as hypertension and diabetes within 3 months were included. They completed questionnaires two times within 4 months period, which give information about the knowledge, service registration and education experiences. For further inspection, 396 patients who had been diagnosed formerly were studied by cross-sectional analysis. Results: Regardless of service registration or educational intervention, there wasn't statistically meaningful difference between the initial and the follow-up assessments on the knowledge. However, when investigating formerly diagnosed patients, educated patients had better knowledge on hypertension compared with non-educated patients and registered patients, educated patients had the better knowledge on diabetes compared with non-registered patients, non-educated patients. Additionally, analyzing each questions, educated patients got higher grades in questions about definition of hypertension, diabetes managements which they can practice in daily lives. Conclusions: It is probable that long-term service registration and education experiences could improve the knowledge and self-management ability.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.15D no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 2008

Aspect Oriented Programming(AOP) is a relatively new programming paradigm and has properties that other programming paradigms don't have. This new programming paradigm provides new modularization of software systems by cross-cutting concerns. In this paper, we propose a regression test method for program evolution by AOP. By using JoinPoint, we can catch a pointcut-name which makes it possible to test the incorrect pointcut strength fault and the incorrect aspect precedence fault. Through extending proof rules to aspect, we can recognize failures to establish expected postconditions faults. We can also trace variables using set() and get() pointcut and test failures to preserve state invariant fault. Using control flow graph, we can test incorrect changes in control dependencies faults. In order to show the correctness of our proposed method, channel management system is implemented and tested by using proposed methods.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2010

The mechanisms of selective oxidation of intercritically annealed CMnAl TRIP steels in a Continuous Galvanizing Line (GCL) were studied by cross-sectional observation of the surface and sub-surface regions by means of High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The selective oxidation and nitriding of an intercritically annealed CMnAl TRIP steel in a controlled dew point 10%$H_2+N_2$ atmosphere resulted in the formation of c-xMnO.$MnO_2$ (1${\leq}$x<3) and c-xMnO.$Al_2O_3$ ($x{\geq}1$) particles on the steel surface. Single crystal c-xMnO.$SiO_2$ ($2{\leq}x{\leq}4$) oxide particles were also observed on the surface. A thin film of crystalline c-xMnO.$SiO_2$ (2${\leq}$x<3) and c-xMnO.$Al_2O_3$ ($x{\geq}1$) was present between these particles. In the sub-surface region, internal oxidation, nitriding and intermetallic compound formation were observed. In the first region, large crystalline c-xMnO.$SiO_2$ ($1{\geq}x{\geq}2$) and c-xMnO.$Al_2O_3$ ($x{\geq}1$) oxides particles were present. In the second region, c-AlN particles were observed, and in a third region, small $MnAl_x$ (x>1) intermetallic compound particles were observed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2020

This paper investigates the flexural behavior of concrete beams reinforced longitudinally with either steel bars, molded glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) grating mesh or pultruded glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) grating mesh, under four-point bending. The variables included in this study were the type of concrete (normal weight concrete, perlite concrete and vermiculite concrete), type of the longitudinal reinforcement (steel bars, molded and pultruded GFRP grating mesh) and the longitudinal reinforcement ratio (between 0.007 and 0.035). The influences of these variables on the load-midspan deflection curves, bending stiffness, energy absorption and failure modes were investigated. A total of fifteen beams with a cross-sectional dimension of 160 mm × 210 mm and an overall length of 2400 mm were cast and divided into three groups. The first group was constructed with normal weight concrete and served as a reference concrete. The second and third groups were constructed with perlite concrete and vermiculite concrete, respectively. An innovative type of stirrup was used as shear reinforcement for all beams. The results showed that the ultimate load of the beams reinforced with pultruded GFRP grating mesh ranged between 19% and 38% higher than the ultimate load of the beams reinforced with steel bars. The bending stiffness of all beams was influenced by the longitudinal reinforcement ratio rather than the type of concrete. Failure occurred within the pure bending region which means that the innovative stirrups showed a significant resistance to shear failure. Good agreement between the experimental and the analytical ultimate load was obtained.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1603-1611
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• 2010

The comparative study of regression-model-based approximate optimization techniques used in the strength design of an automotive knuckle component that will be under bump and brake loading conditions is carried out. The design problem is formulated such that the cross-sectional sizing variables are determined by minimizing the weight of the knuckle component that is subjected to stresses, deformations, and vibration frequency constraints. The techniques used in the comparative study are sequential approximate optimization (SAO), sequential two-point diagonal quadratic approximate optimization (STDQAO), and approximate optimization based on enhanced moving least squares method (MLSM), such as CF (constraint feasible)-MLSM and Post-MLSM. Commercial process integration and design optimization (PIDO) tools are utilized for the application of SAO and STDQAO. The enhanced MLSM-based approximate optimization techniques are newly developed to ensure constraint feasibility. The results of the approximate optimization techniques are compared with those of actual non-approximate optimization to evaluate their numerical performances.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1659-1666
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• 2010

In this study, a new type of wire-woven cellular metal named WBD(wire-woven bulk diamond) was developed. Like WBK(wire-woven bulk Kagome), WBD is composed of helically formed wires; WBK was introduced a few years ago, and its mechanical, thermal properties, and engineering applications have been extensively investigated. The number of wires that pass by one another at each cross point in WBD is four, whereas that in WBK is three. The mechanical behavior of WBD subjected to compression was investigated and the results were compared to those for WBK. For a given slenderness ratio the density and yield strength of WBD were about twice as high as those for WBK, but elastic stiffness of WBD was not that higher than that for WBK.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.893-899
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• 2010

A previous study showed that hemodynamics is correlated with stenosis in the coronary artery. The flow characteristics and the distributions of the hemodynamic wall parameters in the coronary artery are investigated under physiological flow condition. The present study also aims to establish the mechanism of the generation of atherosclerosis by analyzing the hemodynamic variables in the coronary artery where atherosclerosis frequently occurs. The stenosis phenomena due to atherosclerosis are related to not only the biochemical reaction between blood and blood vessels but also the hemodynamic factors sush as flow separation and oscillatory wall shear stress. As the bifurcated angle increases, the size of the recirculation area that appears in the cross section increases and disturbed flow is observed in this area. We speculate that this area is the starting point of atherosclerosis in the coronary artery.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2007

With consideration of the first arrival picking methodology and inherent errors in picking process, I propose, from the computerization point of view, a practical algorithm for picking and error computation. The proposed picking procedure consists of 2-step; 1) picking the first coherent peak or trough events, 2) derive a line which approximates the record in the interval prior to the pick, and set the intercept time of the line as the first break. The length of fitting interval used in experiment, is few samples less than 1/4 width of the arriving wavelet. A quantitative measure of the error involved in first arrival picking is defined as the time length that needed to determine if an event is the first arrival or not. The time length is expressed as a function of frequency bandwidth of the signal and the S/N ratio. For 3 sets of cross-well seismic data, first breaks are picked twice, by manually, and by the proposed method. And at the same time, the error bound for each trace is computed. Experiment results show that good performance of the proposed picking method, and the usefulness of the quantitative error measure in pick-quality evaluation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.50-58
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate measurement properties of self-report questionnaires for studies published in Korean nursing journals. Methods: Of 424 Korean nursing articles initially identified, 168 articles met the inclusion criteria. The methodological quality of the measurements used in the studies and interpretability were assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. It consists of items on internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, content validity, construct validity including structural validity, hypothesis testing, cross-cultural validity, and criterion validity, and responsiveness. For each item of the COSMIN checklist, measurement properties are rated on a four-point scale: excellent, good, fair, and poor. Each measurement property is scored with worst score counts. Results: All articles used the classical test theory for measurement properties. Internal consistency (72.6%), construct validity (56.5%), and content validity (38.2%) were most frequently reported properties being rated as 'excellent' by COSMIN checklist, whereas other measurement properties were rarely reported. Conclusion: A systematic review of measurement properties including interpretability of most instruments warrants further research and nursing-focused checklists assessing measurement properties should be developed to facilitate intervention outcomes across Korean studies.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.292-303
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• 2001

Object color can be determined by the characteristic of scene illuminant and surface. In this paper, perceived illumination effect is extended and with the highlight analysis, hybrid approach is proposed to estimate the illuminant chromaticity. The perceived illumination approach provides a stable candidate range for the estimation of illuminant chromaticity, however, the accuracy is slightly degraded depending on the image contents. The highlight approach does not depend on the image contents and provides an accurate solution of the scene illuminant chromaticity, however, it is difficult to determine the final solution among many cross-points. These two approaches are in effect mutually compensating. The solution from perceived illumination can be used as a starting point or as base information for the highlight approach to get the final solution.