• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2001

Background and Objectives : With the development of computerized systems, an objective evaluation methods of nasal speech and nasal geometry have become readily available by means of a simple, noninvasive technique. In this study, we assessed the nasality, nasal formant, nasal volume and nasal area in patients with hypertrophic rhinitis before and after turbinate surgery. Material and Method : With the nasometer, we measured nasalance, which reflects the ratio of acoustic energy output of nasal sounds from the nasal and oral cavities. With CSL 4300B, we measured nasal formants. We used acoustic rhinometer to measure nasal area and nasal volume. Postoperative changes of above factors were compared with preoperative values. Paired t-test and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results : The first nasal formant frequency, nasalance scores of three passages(baby, mamma and rabbit passages), minimal cross sectional area(MCA) of narrow side, nasal volume of narrow side and nasal volume of wide side had increased significantly after turbinate surgery (p <0.05). The MCA and nasal volume of narrow side and MCA of wide side showed significant correlation with nasalance score of rabbit passage and baby passage showed significant correlation with nasal volume of narrow side(p<0.05). Conclusion : There were significant increases in nasalance scores, first nasal formant frequency, MCA and nasal volume after turbinate surgery. Thus, we must consider the possibility of voice changes postoperatively in professional voice users.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2018

고속 열차는 승객과 화물을 대량으로 빠른 시간에 운송할 수 있어 세계 여러 나라에서 고속철도 건설이 증가하고 있다. 열차가 고속으로 주행할 경우 열차의 전두부에 공기 저항이 발생하며, 이러한 공기 저항을 감소시키기 위하여 열차의 형상을 유선형으로 설계한다. 고속으로 주행하는 열차가 터널에 진입할때, 터널 내에서 발생한 공기 저항으로 인하여 개활지 주행 시 보다 훨씬 큰 동력이 요구된다. 따라서 열차가 터널에 진입할 때 열차에 작용하는 공기 저항을 감소시키기 위하여 열차의 주행 속도를 감소시킨다. 이렇게 열차의 속도를 감소시킬 경우, 고속 열차의 운송 능력 및 장점이 감소되기 때문에 터널 내에서 열차 주행으로 인하여 발생되는 공기 저항을 감소시키는 설비가 필수적이다. 이 연구에서는 터널 내에서 열차의 고속 주행을 위하여 필요한 공기 압력 제어 시스템의 효과를 분석하기 위하여 1차원 수치해석을 수행하였다. 1차원 수치해석 프로그램을 통하여, 터널의 단면적 및 공기압력 제어 덕트의 단면적과 배치 간격이 터널 내에서 발생하는 공기 저항에 미치는 영향을 상세히 분석하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2007

The effect of stress factors on the growing process of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of the sensitized 18-8 stainless steel in high temperature water was investigated using equations of crack growth rate derived from applying electric circuits to SCC corrosion paths. Three kinds of cross sections have to be considered when electric circuit is constructed using total current. The first is ion flow passage area, $S_{sol}$, of solution in crack, the second is total dissolving surface area, $S_{dis}$, of metal on electrode of crack tip and the third is dissolving cross section, $S_{met}$, of metal on grain boundary or in base metal or in welding metal. Stress may affect each area. $S_{sol}$ may depend on applied stress, $\sigma_{\infty}$, related with crack depth. $S_{dis}$ is expressed using a factor of $\varepsilon(K)$ and may depend on stress intensity factor, K only. SCC crack growth rate is ordinarily estimated using a variable of K only as stress factor. However it may be expected that SCC crack growth rate depends on both applied stress $\sigma_{\infty}$ and K or both crack depth and K from this consideration.$\varepsilon(K)$ is expressed as ${\varepsilon}(K)=h_2{\cdot}K^2+h_3{\cdot}K^3$ when $h_{2}$ and $h_{3}$ are coefficients. Also, relationships between SCC crack growth rate, da/dt and K were simulated and compared with the literature data of JBWR-VIP-04, NRC NUREG-0313 Rev.2 and SKIFS Draft. It was pointed out in CT test that the difference of distance between a point of application of force and the end of starter notch (starting point of fatigue crack) may be important to estimate SCC crack growth rate. An anode dissolution current density was quantitatively evaluated using a derived equation.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 전남대학교, 19 May 1995
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• pp.196-201
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• 1995

The broadband and discrete sources of sound in small cooling fans of propeller type and centrifugal type were investigated to understand the turbulent vortex structures from many bladed fans using ANSI test plenum for small air-moving devices (AMDs). The noise measurement method uses the plenum as a test apparatus to determine the acoustic source spectral density function at each operating conditions similar to real engineering applications based on acoustic similarity laws. The characteristics of fans including the head rise vs. volumetric flow rate performance were measured using a performance test facility. The sound power spectrum is decomposed into two non-dimensional functions: an acoustic source spectral distribution function F(St,.phi.) and an acoustic system response function G(He,.phi.) where St, He, and .phi. are the Strouhal number, the Helmholtz number, and the volumetric flow rate coefficient, respectively. The autospectra of radiated noise measurements for the fan operating at several volumetric flow rates,.phi., are analyzed using acoustical similarity. The rotating stall in the small propeller fan with a bell-mouth guided is mainly due to a leading edge separation. It creates a blockage in the passage and the reduction in the flow rate. The sound power levels with respect to the rotational speeds were measured to reveal the mechanisms of stall and/or surge for different loading conditions and geometries, for example, fans installed with a impinging plate. Lee and Meecham (1993) studied the effect of the large-scale motions like impinging normally on a flat plate using Large-Eddy Simulation(LES) and Lighthill's analogy.[ASME Winter Annual Meeting 1993, 93-WA/NCA-22]. The dipole and quadrupole sources in the fans tested are shown closely related to the vortex structures involved using cross-correlations of the hot-wire and microphone signals.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.34-34
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• 2003

Protein unfolding is a key step in several cellular processes, including protein translocation across some membranes and protein degradation by ATP-dependent proteases. C1pAP protease and the proteasome can actively unfold proteins in a process that hydrolyzes ATP, These proteases catalyze unfolding by processively unraveling their substrates from the attachment point of the degradation signal. As a consequence, the ability of a protein to be degraded depends on its structure as well as its stability. An ${\alpha}$-helix is easier to unravel than a ${\beta}$-strand. In multidomain proteins, independently stable domains are unfolded sequentially. The steric constraints imposed on substrate proteins during their degradation by the proteasome were investigated by constructing a model protein in which specific parts of the polypeptide chain were covalently connected through disulfide bridges. The cross-linked model proteins were fully degraded by the proteasome, but two or more cross-links retarded the degradation slightly. Our results suggest that the pore of the proteasome allows the concurrent passage of at least three stretches of a polypeptide chain, and also explain the limited degradation by the proteasome that occurs in the processing of the transcription factor NF-KB, and also implicate difficulty in degradation of amyloidal aggregates by the proteasome

• 비교문화연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.33-58
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• 2017

거주공간으로서의 집은 거주자들의 습관이 축적되어감에 따라 삶의 대부분을 차지하는 리듬을 낳는다. 이러한 삶의 리듬은 집과 거주자들 사이의 상호 관계를 형성하면서 내적인 의미를 생산한다. 이와 함께 우리는 무심한 몸의 습관이 삶을 구성하는 요소가 되듯이 말없는 집의 공간이 인간의 의식을 구성하는 요소로 작용하고 있음을 보게 된다. 따라서 집은 작가에게 거주지와 거주자 간에 발생하는 관계를 조명해주면서 등장인물들을 살아 움직이게 하는 문학적 자료를 제공해준다. 마르그리트 뒤라스는 이제까지 이야기되지 않았던 집의 이야기를 텍스트와 영화를 통하여 우리에게 들려주고 있다. 작가에게 거주지는 거주자의 삶의 흔적들을 드러내며 하나의 의미체를 구성한다. 삶과 존재의 흔적을 새겨놓으며 집의 내부에 있는 방과 테이블과 의자와의 관계를 보여주기도 하는 이러한 일상의 습관이 작가에게는 상상을 불러일으키는 동인이 된다. 그러면서 뒤라스는 그녀의 집에 등장인물들을 현존의 인물들로 객관화시켜 배치하는 동시에 상상의 형상을 덧붙여 놓음으로써 현실과 유토피아적 세계를 융해시키고 있다. 이러한 결합을 통해서 이제까지 숨어있던 이야기가 복원되고 재현된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

본 연구에서 다루게 될 홍콩문제란 1997년 7월 1일 홍콩의 중국 반환 이후 중국 정부가 홍콩에 대해 취한 여러 가지 조치와 정책들과 이에 대해 홍콩인들이 보여주었던 저항과 반발로 인해 발생한 문제들을 말한다. 중국 정부는 반환 이후 홍콩에 대한 직접적 지배를 강화하는 정책을 전개했고, 2020년 6월 30일 중국 전국인민대표대회 상무위원회는 홍콩국가보안법(이하 '홍콩보안법')을 통과시켰다. 본 연구는 홍콩문제가 양안관계에 미칠 영향을 중점적으로 살펴볼 예정이다. 이를 통해 '일국양제' 정책의 적용문제, 양안의 통일문제, 그리고 홍콩의 민주화 문제 등을 함께 살펴볼 것이다. 본 연구는 '홍콩보안법' 통과 이후 중국이 대만과의 통일에 적용하려고 했던 '일국양제' 원칙은 큰 시험대에 들것이고, 양안관계와 미·중 관계가 매우 악화될 것으로 전망한다. 향후 동북아 지역을 중심으로 긴장관계가 빠르게 조성될 것이며, 이에 대해 우리도 다각적으로 분석하고 대비해야 할 것이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.177-190
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 장애인고용패널 2차웨이브 1차년도(2016년)부터 6차년도(2021년)까지 데이터를 활용하여 20세 이상 성인 임금 장애근로자의 장애수용과 직무만족도 사이의 종단적 변화양상과 상호적 인과관계를 분석하기 위해 자기회귀교차지연 모형을 적용하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 장애 임금근로자의 이전 시점의 장애수용과 직무만족도는 각각 이후 시점의 장애수용(𝛽=.556~.610)과 직무만족도(𝛽=.554~.585)에 안정적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 장애 임금근로자의 이전 시점의 장애수용은 이후 시점의 직무만족도(𝛽=.077~.090)에 그리고 이전 시점의 직무만족도는 이후 시점의 장애수용(𝛽=.087~.092)에 교차지연효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 장애 임금근로자의 성별 집단에 따른 모형적합도 분석결과 시간의 흐름에 따른 장애수용과 직무만족도 사이의 자기회귀효과 및 장애수용과 직무만족도 사이의 교차지연효과의 차이가 유의하지 않게 나타났다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2018

In accordance with the stipulations of the STCW Convention, simulation training has been enforced in order to develop practical skills so as to prevent accidents by predetermining the risks in special marine environments. Simulation training is a useful way to acquire navigation abilities, and can continuously measure the ability of a trainee by applying an appropriate evaluation. However, the result of training is evaluated by the instructor's subjective judgment without quantitative criteria. Therefore, this study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of simulation training. For this purpose, evaluation items were derived by analyzing legal standards, earlier studies, and the current status of MET institutions. The simulations were then performed three times in the same scenarios and analyzed the results. As a result, it has been shown that the objectively analyzed ability to keep the route and to make safe passage with other vessel, as well as subjectively evaluated ability by the apprentice officer has been improved as training progressed. Through the evaluation of simulation training results, it can be derived that simulation education needs supplementation, and can be provided as a basic form of data to quantify the evaluation results of the simulation training in the future.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the level of the cognitive function, and to identify the influencing factors on cognitive function in women cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. This study attempted to provide basic data useful to development of nursing intervention and improve the quality of life in women cancer patients. Methods : As a cross-sectional descriptive study, women with receiving chemotherapy above one cycle were recruited. One hundred and twenty-five women cancer patients who met the study criteria agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire set consisted of cognitive function, quality of life, depression, anxiety and information on demographic and clinical characteristics. Results : There was no statistically significant difference in clinical characteristics according to the cognitive function. The cognitive function was higher the more low age (F=9.937, p<.001), and the more high education level (F=12.332, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis showed the predictors were significantly related to cognitive function. age, education, and the number of chemotherapy explained 31.8% of the cognitive function. Conclusions : This result of this study provides basic information about factors influencing cognitive function, although study findings are insufficient in explaining related variables among women cancer patients. Even though women cancer patients were receiving chemotherapy, this study showed that the level of cognitive function was high. In order to receive better results and findings the period decreasing cognitive function, further studies are need to measure cognitive function according to the passage of time during or after chemotherapy.