• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2005

Many parameters such as textural, cooking and pasting properties and chemical components aye the main reasons of tardy progress in evaluation of cooked rice. To increase the evaluation effect of cooked rice, physical properties and palatability of cooked rice were studied with five varieties. The highest palatability was observed in Kosihikari while Hoan showed the lowest value. The cooked rice of Kosihikari showed a high values of waxiness (0.12) and boiling time (21.1 min.) while the porosity and expansibility were as low as 19.0 and $28.6\%$, respectively. The water absorption time of Kosihikari and Sindongin was a little bit slow compare to the other varieties. A negative correlations were observed between palatability and expansibility (-0.390), porosity (-0.874**) and water absorption time (-0.960**) while a positive correlations were observed between palatability and boiling time (0.861**), waxiness (0.920**) and hardness (0.478). The path coefficient of water absorption time, porosity, boiling time and waxiness contributed to the palatability were 35.9, 22.7, 17.0 and $8.2\%$, respectively, Thus, the results obtained in this study suggested that the physical characteristics of vice grains could be effectively utilized in high quality of cooked rice breeding programs.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.560-567
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• 1991

Photosynthetic variation in field grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv Hodgson78］ was studied in relation to leaf anatomical variation. Variations in mesophyll morphology were accentuated by manipulating source and sink size. At R3 stage, two treatments were started: one was thinning and continu-ous debranching(6. 5 plants rather than 26 plants per m of row and remaining plants were debranched weekly), and the other was continuous partial depodding (allowing only one pod to develop at each mainstem node). Gas exchange characteristics, mesophyll cell volume and surface area per unit leaf surface, and microclimatic parameters were measured on the intact terminal leaflet at the 10th node. Observations were made 5 times with 3 to 4 day intervals starting R4 stage. Two models were used to compute leaf photosynthetic rates: one considered no effect of mesophyll morphology on photosynthesis, and the other considered potential effects of variations in mesophyll cell volume and surface area on diffusion and biochemical processes. Seventy nine percent of total photosynthetic variations observed in the experiment was explained by the latter, while 69% of the same variations was explained by the former model. By incorporating the mesophyll morphology concept, the predictability was improved by 14.6% in the field condition. Additional Index Words: photosynthesis model, leaf anatomy, Glycine max (L.) Merr., mesophyll surface area, mesophyll cell volume.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.218-231
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• 2005

This paper reviews the engineering approach needed to support humans during their long-term missions in space. This approach includes closed plant production systems under microgravity or low pressure, mass recycling, air revitalization, water purification, waste management, elimination of trace contaminants, lighting, and nutrient delivery systems in controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). Requirements of crops f3r space use are high production, edibility, digestibility, many culinary uses, capability of automation, short stems, and high transpiration. Low pressure on Mars is considered to be a major obstacle for the design of greenhouses fer crop production. However interest in Mars inflatable greenhouse applicable to planetary surface has increased. Structure, internal pressure, material, method of lighting, and shielding are principal design parameters for the inflatable greenhouse. The inflatable greenhouse operating at low pressure can reduce the structural mass and atmosphere leakage rate. Plants growing at reduced pressure show an increasing transpiration rates and a high water loss. Vapor pressure increases as moisture is added to the air through transpiration or evaporation from leaks in the hydroponic system. Fluctuations in vapor pressure will significantly influence total pressure in a closed system. Thus hydroponic systems should be as tight as possible to reduce the quantity of water that evaporates from leaks. And the environmental control system to maintain high relative humidity at low pressure should be developed. The essence of technologies associated with CELSS can support human lift even at extremely harsh conditions such as in deserts, polar regions, and under the ocean on Earth as well as in space.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.128-132
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• 1983

The water relations parameters such as original osmotic pressure $(\Pi_0)$, osmotic pressure $(\Pi_p)$, at the incipient plasmolysis, the volume of osmotic water $(V_o)$ at the full turgor, the relative water content $(RWC^*)$ at the incipient plasmolysis, the volume of osmotic water$(V_p)$ at the incipient plasmolysis, the volume of symplasmic and apoplastic water$(w_s)$ at the maximum turgor, $V_pV_o, \; V_oW_s, \; W_sD_w, \; V_oF_w$ and the elastic modulus were measured through the pressure chamber (DIK-PC-40 Model) technique with the Williams and Geumgangdaerip soybean cultivar shoots. The original osmotic pressure$(\P $i_{0}$ )$, of the both cultivars shoots were appeared insignificant differences as 8.1 bar and 7.8 bar respectively. The osmotic pressure($\pi$$_{p}$ ) at the incipient plasmolysis was 9.0 bar in Williams and 10.4 bar in Geumgangdaerip. The relative water content(RW $C^{*}$) at the incipient plasmolysis was 86.0 per cent in Geumgangdaerip and 92.6 per cent in Williams. The ratio of volume of osmotic water( $V_{p}$ ) at the incipient plasmolysis to total symplasmic water$(V_o)$ , i.e., $V_p/V_o$ was 83.4 per cent in Geumgangdaerip and 90.4 per cent in Williams. The elastic modulus of Geumgangdaerip shoots showed higher value than Williams$(8.5 $\times$ 10^2bar)$ as $1.6 \times10^5$ bar.r.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.221-230
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• 2012

Rumen fermentative characteristic is useful indicators of the quality of ruminant feed stuffs and diets. An in vitro rumen fermentation experiment was therefore carried out to compare fermentation patterns among three forage sources. These were whole crop barley (WCBS), Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) and rice straw silages (RSS). Rice straw (RS) was the control, making the treatments 4 in total. Forages were randomly allocated to serum bottles. The incubation times were arranged 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 72h at $39^{\circ}C$, respectively. Each forage source was replicated 3 times per incubation time. At each sampling time, total gas and pH were measured, whilst individual volatile fatty acids (VFAs), total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) and ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N) were determined later after storing samples at $-20^{\circ}C$. Acetate: Propionate ratio (A/P) was then calculated. Forage source had a significant effect (P<0.001) on pH and $NH_3$-N. RSS maintained higher pH values than the rest of the forage sources. A decreasing pH trend with increased time of incubation, in agreement with literature, was observed for all forage sources. WCBS recorded $NH_3$-N values higher than all the other treatments. Total gas, individual and total VFA and A/P ratio were not affected by forage source. However, there was a significant difference in all parameters (p<0.05) among forage sources at sampling periods at 3 to 72h. Therefore, the present results indicating that WCBS, IRGS, RS and RSS maintained in vitro rumen pH above the critical value. Also, WCBS produced the highest NH3-N and on this merit could be of better nutritive value, in vivo, in the ruminant.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.193-201
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• 2017

Major tomato viruses in Korea are Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). RT-PCR conditions for the viruses were examined, especially in primer set and RT-PCR mixture. Total 46 primer sets from the unique sequence of the viruses were tested for nonspecific background products in a RT-PCR mixture without template. Among them 16 primer sets were applied to healthy tomato RNA, resulting the compatibility between RT-PCR mixture and primer set influenced RT-PCR to reduce nonspecific background products. Based on the combinations among cDNA synthesis parameters and RT-PCR mixtures, two reaction mixtures were finally selected for ToCV detection. The condition allowed to determine more specific primer sets; C029 (ToCV), C072 (TSWV), C070 (CMV), C048 (PepMoV), and C065 (ToMV). These primer sets are expected to be of use to specific detection of the major viruses in tomato plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 1987

Symptom development and disease severity of Phytophthora blight in the sesame plants varied depending upon age of the plants tested, inoculation method, watering method, and inoculum density in both susceptible Suweon 9 and Suweon 26 and moderately resistant B-67 and IS 103 sesame lines to Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica when inoculated. However, successful differentiation of the sesame lines for varietal resistance was possible using 20-day old seedling, inoculation by soil infestation, saturated soil water condition by half immersion of pots in water tank, and 200 sporangia per one ml of inoculum. Spraying or soil inoculation to 70-day old plants also was effective in differentiating the varietal resistance. By the screening method Suwon 26 showed 100％ diseased plants and symptom severity index 9.0, while B-67 showed 20% diseased plants and symptom severity index 1.7. The rating scale given was from 0 through 9. For example, the scale 0 signified no symptom development, 5 signified discoloration of basal part of stem, and 9 signified discoloration of stem more than 10 cm high above the soil surface with blighted leaves. Differentiation in symptom severity also was made by percentage of the lesion area. Results evaluated using both parameters were well corresponded in varietal reaction of sesame to Phytophthora blight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.204-208
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• 1991

Five models for net radiation estimation reported by Linacre(1968), Berljand(1956), Nakayama et al. (1983), Chang (1970) and Doorenbos et al. (1977) were tested for the adaptability to Korea. A new model with effective longwave radiation term parameterized by air temperature, solar radiation and vapor pressure was formulated and tested for its accuracy. Above five models with original parameter values showed large absolute mean deviations ranging from 0.86 to 1.64 MJ/$m^2$/day. The parameters of the above five models were reestimated by using net radiation and meteorological elements measured in Suwon, Korea. These five models with new parameter values showed absolute mean deviations ranging from 0.74 to 0.88 MJ/$m^2$/day. The following model was newly formulated: Rn=(1- $\alpha$) Rs- $\sigma$ $T_{k}$$^{4}$ (0.0103 Exp (0 .0731 Rs) -0.0475 (equation omitted) +0 .2478) ($R^2$=0.997, n=63) where $\alpha$ =albedo, $\sigma$=Stefan-Boltzmann constant, Rs=solar radiation in MJ/$m^2$/day, Tk =air temperature in Kelvin and $e_{a}$=vapor pressure in mb. This model revealed 0.4988 MJ/$m^2$/day in absolute mean deviation when applied to an independent set of meteorological data.a.a.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.87
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• pp.944-947
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• 2007

Bacillus sp.LPO3 (producing emulsifying substances such as bio-surfactant) was used as a bio-control agent to degrade hydrocarbon (gasoline in oil spilled crop soil). The soil (brought from fertilizer store)was mixed with gasoline-spilled soil (made with Diatomaceous Earth, Sigma.U.S.A). The study was conducted for a period of 13 days, 13 days during which bacterial growth, hydrocarbon degradation and growth parameters of Bacillus sp.LP03 including shoot and root length were studied. We found that the effective of bacterial producing substance might bio-surfactants let the plants survive even more promote the growth of shoot and root length and showed antifungal activity against gray mold. Without the bacteria, they couldn't grow in oil-spilled soil not even survive. According to the results of the above experiments, we can see with following results, hydrocarbon in gasoline was reduced, day by day, then RNA dot blotting was done and it fit the results we had done. Finally, this Bacteria(producing bio-surfactant) were found to have effective bio-control agent for cropping in oil spilled soil and infected by gray mold.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-166
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• 2020

Background: Ginsenosides, which have various physiological activities, are known to be abundant in the leaves and roots of ginseng. Ginseng sprouts can be used as a fresh vegetable and roots, stems, and leaves of ginseng can be consumed. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carbon dioxide treatment and the modified atmosphere (MA) packaging method in suppressing quality deterioration during the distribution of ginseng sprouts. Methods and Results: Ginseng sprouts were packed using Styrofoam, barrier film + non gas treatment, barrier film + gas treatment, 15 ㎛ polyamide (PA) double film + non gas treatment, 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment, 25 ㎛ PA film + non gas treatment, or 25 ㎛ PA film + gas treatment. Quality parameters including gas composition, relative humidity, chlorophyll SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) value, firmness, and rate of quality loss in ginseng sprouts were monitored at the following temperatures: 20℃, and 10℃. Ginseng sprouts packaged with 25 ㎛ PA film showed loss in quality because of wilting owing to low relative humidity within the film. Chlorophyll and firmness did not differ between film and gas treatments. The time point at which the combined loss from softening and decay owing to fungal, and bacterial infection and wilt reached 20% was considered the limit of distribution. At 20℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit or up to 7 days was 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. At 10℃, the packaging not included in the 20% distribution loss rate limit for up to 18 days were barrier film + gas treatment and 15 ㎛ PA double film + gas treatment. Conclusions: The film packaging suitable for the distribution of ginseng sprouts was found to be the barrier film and PA film with low gas permeability and maintaining hygroscopicity at 95% relative humidity. To prevent the loss in quality of ginseng sprouts, gas treatment (8% of O₂ and 18% of CO₂) in the film was found to be more suitable than no gas treatment for inhibition of decay.