• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2018

BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES: Neuroinflammation plays critical role in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the effect of three licorice varieties, Glycyrhiza uralensis, G. glabra, and Shinwongam (SW) on a mouse model of inflammation-induced memory and cognitive deficit. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and orally administrated G. uralensis, G. glabra, and SW extract (150 mg/kg/day). SW, a new species of licorice in Korea, was combined with G. uralensis and G. glabra. Behavioral tests, including the T-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze, were carried out to assess learning and memory. In addition, the expressions of inflammation-related proteins in brain tissue were measured by western blotting. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in spatial and objective recognition memory in LPS-induced cognitive impairment group, as measured by the T-maze and novel object recognition test; however, the administration of licorice ameliorated these deficits. In addition, licorice-treated groups exhibited improved learning and memory ability in the Morris water maze. Furthermore, LPS-injected mice had up-regulated pro-inflammatory proteins, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-6, via activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF{\kappa}B$) pathways in the brain. However, these were attenuated by following administration of the three licorice varieties. Interestingly, the SW-administered group showed greater inhibition of iNOS and TLR4 when compared with the other licorice varieties. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brain of LPS-induced cognitively impaired mice that were administered licorice, with the greatest effect following SW treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The three licorice varieties ameliorated the inflammation-induced cognitive dysfunction by down-regulating inflammatory proteins and up-regulating BDNF. These results suggest that licorice, in particular SW, could be potential therapeutic agents against cognitive impairment.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2009

역학적 경험적 포장 설계법을 도입하려는 현재의 연구추세에 발 맞추어 정확한 응력, 변형률, 변형을 기초로 포장구조체를 해석하기 위한 역학적 접근방법이 필요한 시점이다. 기존의 실험결과에 따르면 연성포장 구조의 기층에 이용되는 자갈과 노상층에 이용되는 노상토등의 포장 하부재료는 반복하중 조건하에서 비선형 회복탄성계수의 특징을 따르는 것으로 나타났다. 이 비선형 거동은 재료의 현재 응력에 의한 회복탄성계수 모델로 나타나질 수 있으며 정확한 해를 구할 수 있는 역학적 방법중의 하나인 유한요소 해석 방법에 적용되어 질 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 비선형 해석기법과 효과적인 해 수렴기법이 구현된 재료 모델 부 프로그램을 범용 유한요소 프로그램의 하나인 아바쿠스에 적용시켰다. 이 수치해석 방법에는 더 정확한 해를 찾기 위한 체눈분할에 의해 만들어진 유한요소 모델이 이용되었다. 이런 일련의 방법들에 의한 포장구조체의 해석결과, 2차원과 3차원 비선형 유한요소 해석의 결과가 큰 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 사용된 부 프로그램은 미연방 항공국 공항 시험포장에서 측정되어진 결과 값에 의해 비교 검증되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.146-151
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• 2010

검체는 2005년 1월1일부터 2009년 12월31일까지 C 병원 진단 검사의학과에 의뢰된 환자의 임상검체 총 366,661예로부터 총 167,955 미생물이 분리되었고 이 중 6,517주의 Candida spp. 분리균을 자동화기기로 동정한 것을 후향적으로 처리 하였다. 배양균주는 smooth하고, 크림색이며, 약간 mucoid하고, 혼탁한 집락을 0.45% salin에 McFarland No 1.6-2.0되게 탁도를 맞춘 후 반응시약이 들어 있는 ID-YST card에 접종하여, VITEK II(bioMerieux Duham NC, USA)의 자동화기기에 넣어 동정하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. Candida spp.의 분리율은 2005년도에 비하여 2009년이 1.9배 증가하였다. 분리빈도가 높은 Candida spp.는 C. albicans 56.4%, C. tropicalis 17.7%, C. glabrata 10.7%, C. parapsilosis 9.5%였고, Candida spp가 10%이상 분리된 검체는 객담 30.1%, 무작위소변 25.0%, 혈액 15.8%, 카테타소변 13.5%였으며, 7%이상 분리된 부서는 호흡기내과 20.5%, 신장내과 11.0%, 감염내과 10.4%, 응급의학과 10.0%, 혈액종양내과 9.6%, 외과 7.5%, 소화기내과 7.4%였다. Candida spp가 증가된 달은 7월이 10.6%였고, 가장 낮게 분리된 달은 2월이 6.1%였다. Candida spp.가 증가된 연령군은 70세 이상 군이 40.1%였고, 가장 낮게 분리된 연령군은 10대가 1.3%였고, 0-49세군(1.3-7.5%)대 50세 이상 군(16.7-40.1%)의 비교에서는 1 : 4.7로 50세 이상 군이 월등히 높았다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2018

Purpose: A hybrid-dynamic conformal arc therapy (HDCAT) technique consisting of a single half-rotated dynamic conformal arc beam and static field-in-field beams in two directions was designed and evaluated in terms of dosimetric benefits for radiotherapy of lung cancer. Materials and Methods: This planning study was performed in 20 lung cancer cases treated with the VERO system (BrainLAB AG, Feldkirchen, Germany). Dosimetric parameters of HDCAT plans were compared with those of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans in terms of target volume coverage, dose conformity, and sparing of organs at risk. Results: HDCAT showed better dose conformity compared with 3D-CRT (conformity index: 0.74 ± 0.06 vs. 0.62 ± 0.06, p < 0.001). HDCAT significantly reduced the lung volume receiving more than 20 Gy (V₂₀: 21.4% ± 8.2% vs. 24.5% ± 8.8%, p < 0.001; V₃₀: 14.2% ± 6.1% vs. 15.1% ± 6.4%, p = 0.02; V₄₀: 8.8% ± 3.9% vs. 10.3% ± 4.5%, p < 0.001; and V₅₀: 5.7% ± 2.7% vs. 7.1% ± 3.2%, p < 0.001), V₄₀ and V₅₀ of the heart (V₄₀: 5.2 ± 3.9 Gy vs. 7.6 ± 5.5 Gy, p < 0.001; V₅₀: 1.8 ± 1.6 Gy vs. 3.1 ± 2.8 Gy, p = 0.001), and the maximum spinal cord dose (34.8 ± 9.4 Gy vs. 42.5 ± 7.8 Gy, p < 0.001) compared with 3D-CRT. Conclusions: HDCAT could achieve highly conformal target coverage and reduce the doses to critical organs such as the lung, heart, and spinal cord compared to 3D-CRT for the treatment of lung cancer patients.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2014

Mixotrophic protists play diverse roles in marine food webs as predators and prey. Thus, exploring mixotrophy in phototrophic protists has emerged as a critical step in understanding marine food webs and cycling of materials in marine ecosystem. To investigate the feeding of newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Ansanella granifera, we explored the feeding mechanism and the different types of species that A. granifera was able to feed on. In addition, we measured the growth and ingestion rates of A. granifera feeding on the prasinophyte Pyramimonas sp., the only algal prey, as a function of prey concentration. A. granifera was able to feed on heterotrophic bacteria and the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. However, among the 12 species of algal prey offered, A. granifera ingested only Pyramimonas sp. A. granifera ingested the algal prey cell by engulfment. With increasing mean prey concentration, the growth rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. increased rapidly, but became saturated at a concentration of $434ngCmL^{-1}$ (10,845 cells $mL^{-1}$). The maximum specific growth rate (i.e., mixotrophic growth) of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. was $1.426d^{-1}$, at $20^{\circ}C$ under a 14 : 10 h light-dark cycle of $20{\mu}Em^{-2}s^{-1}$, while the growth rate (i.e., phototrophic growth) under similar light conditions without added prey was $0.391d^{-1}$. With increasing mean prey concentration, the ingestion rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. increased rapidly, but slightly at the concentrations ${\geq}306ngCmL^{-1}$ (7,649 cells $mL^{-1}$). The maximum ingestion rate of A. granifera feeding on Pyramimonas sp. was 0.97 ng C $predator^{-1}d^{-1}$ (24.3 cells $grazer^{-1}d^{-1}$). The calculated grazing coefficients for A. granifera feeding on co-occurring Pyramimonas sp. were up to $2.78d^{-1}$. The results of the present study suggest that A. granifera can sometimes have a considerable grazing impact on the population of Pyramimonas spp.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.339-353
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• 2003

The rapid increase in food borne illness outbreaks in Korea has been one of the major threats to the Nation's Health. Foodservice establishments have been identified as the major place for these outbreaks, mainly due to the lack of sanitary management and sanitary facility management practices. The purposes of the study were to develop hospital foodservice facility evaluation tools, based on the general HACCP-based standards and guidelines, for hospital food service establishments, to ensure the safety of these foodservices and to reduce the risk of food home illness. The scope of this study included: 1) an assessment of the current foodservice sanitation practices and managements for 6 general hospitals, with more than 400 beds, and 3 general hospitals, with less than 400 beds; 2) the development of foodservice establishments sanitation evaluation tools and sanitation standards, based on the HACCP system. The survey data showed varied results between the hospitals surveyed. Most of the hospital foodservice operations had many problems with ventilation and the plumbing. The total dimensional mean scores for the hospitals with more than 400 beds and less than 400 beds were 31.5 and 27.0, respectively. The highest dimension scores were for the water supply facility and lighting, with the lowest for insect and rodent control and toxic materials management. The levels of the mean scores were very low, especially for the general hospitals with less than 400 beds. These low mean scores may have arisen from critical problems within the hospital foodservice operations. The most needed facility management items for improvement were: storage shelf should be spaced 6 inches from the floor and walls, the use of three compartment sinks, utility sinks and cleaning facilities, with a floor drain for cleaning mops or liquid wastes, a ventilation hood designed to prevent dripping onto food, cooking facilities should be disassembled for washing and sanitizing, a separated hand washing sink and a sanitized food board for each area should be provided, all toxic material must have warning labels attached, and be stored in an area away from food preparation under padlock. The evaluation tool consisted of 14 dimensions, with 65 check-off items. The results of this study will provide basic facilities' guidelines to regulators, or foodservice industry personnel, wishing to build, or expend, and establish an efficient flow of food. As a result, food borne illnesses will be effectively prevented, and the Nation's health will be promoted for the development of their own sanitation standards, with a checklist for the safe production of foods.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.907-915
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• 2001

Objective : Percutaneous vertebroplasty is often complicated by the presence of multiple fractures or non-localizing pain in the patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The purpose of this study is to estimate the value of preoperative radiologic studies in the localization of symptomatic vertebrae and to determine the factors which can influence on the clinical results. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiologic data of 57 vertebrae in 30 patients underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Inclusion criteria was severe pain(McGill-Melzack score 3, 4 or 5) associated with the acute vertebral fractures and absence of spinal nerve root or cord compression sign. Acute symptomatic vertebral fracture was determined by the presence of signal change on MR images or increased uptake on whole body bone scan. Results : Pain improvement was obtained immediately in all patients and favorable result was sustained in 26 patients(86.7%) during the mean follow-up duration of 4.7 months(5 complete pain relief, 21 marked pain relief). Those who underwent vertebroplasty for all acute symptomatic vertebrae had significantly better clinical result than those who did not. Further vertebral collapse and eventual bursting fracture occurred in 1 vertebra which showed intradiskal leakage of bone cement and disruption of cortical endplate on postoperative CT scan. Conclusion : Preoperative MR imaging and whole body bone scan are very useful in determining the symptomatic vertebrae, especially in the patients with multiple osteoporotic vertebral fractures. To obtain favorable clinical result, the careful radiologic evaluation as well as clinical assessment is required. Control of PMMA volume seems to be the most critical point for avoiding complications.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2965-2972
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• 2016

Background: China carries a heavy burden of cervical cancer (CC) and substantial disparities exist across regions within the country. In order to reduce regional disparities in CC, the government of China launched the National Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Rural Areas (NCCSPRA) in 2009. Critical to the success of the program are the health care workers who play a pivotal role in preventing and managing CC by encouraging and motivating women to use screening services and by providing identification and treatment services. This study aimed to assess cervical cancer knowledge among these health care workers at the county level in maternal and child health (MCH) hospitals across different socio-economic regions of China. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and self-administered questionnaires were sent to all health care workers (a total of 66) providing cervical cancer screening services in 6 county level MCH hospitals in Liaoning, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces, representing eastern, central and western regions of China; 64 (97.0%, 64/66) of the workers responded. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to compare the knowledge rate and scores in subgroups. Results: The knowledge level of the respondents was generally low. The overall combined knowledge rate was 46.9%. The knowledge rates for risk factors, prevention, clinical symptoms, screening and diagnostic tests and understanding of positive results were 31.3%, 37.5%, 18.1%, 56.3% and 84.4%, respectively. Statistically significant differences in scores or rates of CC knowledge were seen across the different regions. The total and sectional scores in the less developed regions were statistically significantly lower than in the other regions. Conclusions: The majority of the health care workers who provide CC screening service in NCCSPRA at county level MCH hospitals do not have adequately equipped with knowledge about CC. Given the importance of knowledge to the program's success in reducing CC burden in rural women in China, efforts are needed to improve the knowledge of health care workers, especially in less developed regions.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.175-193
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• 2018

본 연구는 가정과 수업에서 학습자의 영속적 이해를 돕기 위하여 2015 개정 중학교 가정교과 '식생활' 단원을 Wiggins와 McTighe가 제시한 백워드 설계 모형을 활용하여 교수·학습 과정안을 설계하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 2015 개정 교육과정의 성취기준과 내용 요소를 분석하고, 중학교 '식생활' 단원을 1차시부터 8차시에 해당하는 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 2015 개정 중학교 가정교과 '식생활 단원'의 성취기준에서는 '청소년기 영양의 중요성', '청소년기 식생활 문제', '식행동 평가'를 통하여 식생활 관리 방안이 강조되었다. 학습요소는 '균형잡힌 식사', '청소년기 영양', '식사의 계획과 선택'이었고, 영양소 판단능력과 균형잡힌 식생활 능력으로 교과역량을 설정하였다. 식생활 단원의 12종 교과서 내용을 분석한 결과 대부분의 교과서에서 핵심 개념들을 중심으로 다루고 있었지만 '청소년기 영양'과 '식생활', '식행동'에 대한 영속적 이해를 도모하는 내용이나 활동이 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교수·학습 과정안의 개발은 백워드 설계 모형의 3단계 절차에 따라 개발되었으며 자가 점검과 전문가 검토를 거쳐 최종 8차시의 템플릿을 완성하였다. 이는 2015 개정 교육과정의 의도를 구현한 수업 방식을 위해 학교 현장에서 가정과 교사가 수업에 활용하고 적용하여 수업 설계에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 비교교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.247-284
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• 2017

본 연구는 독일과 한국 기업의 도제훈련 참여 및 투자 동기가 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지, 기업의 참여 및 투자 동기에 영향을 미치는 양국의 도제훈련 제도적 요인은 어떠한지를 규명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 그리고 두 국가의 제도적 요인을 비교하여 살펴봄으로써, 한국의 일학습병행제에 대한 정책적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 독일과 한국 도제훈련의 제도적 특징 및 기업 참여 및 투자 현황을 파악하기 위해, 국제기구, 양국 정부와 연구기관의 정책자료, 연구자료, 보도자료 등을 중심으로 문헌분석을 실시하였다. 기업의 도제훈련 참여 및 투자 동기가 생산 지향적인지 투자 지향적인지 고려할 때, 독일은 훈련 기간 내 순비용이 발생함에 따라 투자 동기가, 한국은 훈련 기간 내 순편익이 발생함에 따라 생산 동기가 더 높은 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이렇듯 두 국가의 도제훈련 수익성 구조와 참여 및 투자 동기가 달라지는 원인을 본 연구는 제도적 요인에서 찾고 있다. 이에 두 국가의 제도적 요인을 (1) 맥락(노사정 관계, 법적 기반), (2) 투입(제도의 유연성, 정부지원금), (3) 과정(훈련 내용, 훈련 기간, 훈련의 질 보증), (4) 결과 요인(도제생의 이수율/잔류율, 도제생의 생산성)으로 구분하여 살펴보았다. 두 국가의 제도적 영향요인 비교 분석을 통해 도출한 핵심적인 시사점은 최소한의 필수 요건에 대한 기업의 "책무성" 부여와 그 나머지 부분에 대한 기업의 "자율성" 보장이라 할 수 있다.