• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2021

Cybercrimes are the biggest threat that can influence the future of e-commerce, particularly in difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has resulted in noticeable changes in e-customer behaviour represented in three types: spending rates, types of goods bought, and the number of purchasing times. Moreover, the percentage of cybercrime in many countries, including Saudi Arabia, has increased during the pandemic. The increase in the number of cybercrimes during the COVID-19 crisis and the changes in consumer behaviour shows that there is an urgent need to conduct research on the factors that have led to this. This study will explore the most significant factors that have an effect on the unexpected change of customer behaviour and cybercrime perceived risk during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. The finding of the study will hopefully contribute to attempts in finding safer methods for shopping online during COVID-19 and similar crisis.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

Background: The free flap surgical method is useful for the reconstruction of head and neck defects. This study retrospectively analyzed the results of head and neck reconstructions using various types of free flaps over the past 30 years. Methods: Between 1989 and 2018, a total of 866 free flap procedures were performed on 859 patients with head and neck defects, including 7 double free flaps. The causes of vascular crisis and salvage rate were analyzed, and the total flap survival rate calculated among these patients. Additionally, the survival and complication rates for each flap type were compared. Results: The 866 cases included 557 radial forearm flaps, 200 anterolateral thigh flaps, 39 fibular osteocutaneous flaps, and 70 of various other flaps. The incidence of the vascular crisis was 5.1%; its most common cause was venous thrombosis (52.3%). Salvage surgery was successful in 52.3% of patients, and the total flap survival rate was 97.6%. The success rate of the radial forearm flap was higher than of the anterolateral flap (p< 0.01), and the primary sites of malignancy were the tongue, tonsils, and hypopharynx, respectively. Conclusion: The free flap technique is the most reliable method for head and neck reconstruction; however, the radial forearm free flap showed the highest success rate (98.9%). In patients with malignancy, flap failure was more common in the anterolateral thigh (5.5%) and fibular (5.1%) flaps.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2022

Of the Korean military's 3,959 ammunition depots, 1,007 - more than 25% - violate safety requirements for distance and equipment. There is a risk of explosion in old depots that are vulnerable to various interior and exterior accidents. This paper examines 10 scenarios, with varying values for ammunition amount and safety distance. The study calculated the overpressure that can be applied to risk-exposure objects, based on the safety distance; expected damage was predicted using constructed spatial information from 3D explosion simulations. The simulations confirmed that explosion overpressure increased the most when the safety distance violation rate increased from 80% to 90%. It also confirmed that secondary damage such as fire and explosion can cause casualties and property damage when the violation rate is 60% or higher. The results show that building collapse becomes a risk with a violation rate of 70% or higher. We conclude that taking ammunition depot safety distance violation into account when planning military facilities and their land utilization could better protect life and property.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 1991

Twenty eight patients had undergone repair of an isolated complete atrioventricular septal defect between April 1986 and September 1990 in Seoul National University Children`s Hospital. The group comprised 13 male and 15 female patients. They ranged in age from 2 months to 8 years[mean 18.6months] and in weight from 3. 4kg to 23kg[mean 9.0$\pm$4.6kg]. They were analysed as Rastelli type A in 17 patients, Rastelli type B in 2 patients, and Rastelli type C in 9 patients. Seven patients had concomitant Down`s syndrome. All patients had large left-to-right shunt[mean pulmonary to systemic flow ratio 3.5 $\pm$2.2 ranging from 0.68 to 10.0] and high pulmonary systolic pressure[mean 74$\pm$18.8mmHg, ranging from 35 to 110]. In 11 patients, one patch technique was used to close the atrial and ventricular septal defect and 16 patients were undergone by two patch technique. We urgently managed only one patient by pulmonary artery banding whose anatomy was Rastelli type C and severe mitral regurgitation was identified. Postoperative complete A - V block was noted in 3 patients, two of whom were dead in operating room due to combined LVOTO and myocardial failure, and one patient with Rastelli type C was undergone by VVI type permanent pacemaker insertion 1wk later after two patch technique, but we had to manage him by modified Konno operation and total correction due to LVOTO and VSD leakage and severe mitral regurgitation 3 years later. Another two reoperation cases due to severe mitral regurgitation after two patch technique were undergone, one of whom we managed by mitral annuloplasty 3 months later but aggravated mitral regurgitation made us to control him by MVR 3 months later. Another one case of VSD leakage and tricuspid regurgitation was managed by total correction but she died of respiratory insufficiency 14 days later. We experienced pulmonary hypertensive crisis in 3 patients, who were dead in two cases comparing with one control case. So operative mortality is 9/27[33.6%], in one patch group of 3/11[29.2%] comparing with two patch group of 6/16[37.5%]. In summary, causes of death were pump weaning failure, myocardial failure and low cardiac output syndrome and pulmonary hypertensive crisis, resp. failure, complete AV block. Mean follow up period is 15.8$\pm$10.7 months[ranging from 3months to 37 months]

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제10권
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• pp.187-202
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• 1999

We desperately recognize from the economic situation in IMF crisis that only competive goods and serviced. It is anticipated that this difficult situation will probably be continued till 1999. Therefore, it is necessary to think over real aspects of eating=outdoors in IMF period and to provide an opportunity to confront with this crisis. Analysis a recent tendency of domestic eating-outdoors business, there appears, first of all, dual types of eating-outdoors; the one is a sort of 'Cost Sale', which provides some special menu with lowest prices, and the other is a type of 'Family Restaurant', which regards the atmosphere of the place as one of the most essential elements. Both types are getting more popular today. As the result, neither of the alternative cannot recover the current Depression. It is natural that no other conditions can compete with good tastes, fancy atmosphere, and good prices. As a matter of fact, however, it is quite difficult to run this type of bussiness adjusted the above whole conditions. Therefore owners of eating-house must decide to run either ' Cost Sale' or 'Family Restaurant' first and investigate some problems and conditions accordingly. In ane way, the owner intensively visits to some eating houses which is similar style in size and management to that of his style in size and management to that of his and look over what is good and what is bad Right after this investigation, it is efficient for he or she to improve his or her business style in size and management in a short period. It is helpful to check some complements; improvement of signboards, cleaning up of the interior, selecting suitable menu, adjusted prices, tastes, and service quality etc. Although eating-outdoors business is hard hit by IMF, We hope that it would rapidly be brisk in 2000, becaused by that time the basis of each industry would be high qualified, and rich technology would be accumulated.

• 한국과 국제사회
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.131-156
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• 2018

이 논문은 북아프리카의 '아랍 Maghreb 연합'(AMU) 지역조직의 체제형태가 정체성에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 초점을 맞추어 지역주의와 지역조직에 접근하고 재고하기 위한 시도이다. 이 논문의 초점은 지역주의를 연구하는 비전통적인 방법으로서 국내 정치의 중요성에 대해 다룰 것이다. 그리고 지역주의에 대한 많은 연구들과 달리, 이 논문은, 일반적으로 보안이나 경제에 오래된 지역주의 패러다임의 결과로 초점을 맞추는 현실주의자들과 자유주의자들이 강조한 것과는 달리, 이 논문은 지역주의를 이해하기 위한 지침으로 국내 정치를 강조할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1448-1454
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• 1992

Between July, 1990 and July, 1992, 6 male patients of truncus arteriosus, whose age ranged from 2 months to 18 months, underwent total surgical correction without a extracardiac conduit. Their anatomic types were type I in 3, type II in 2 and III, in one by the Collett-Edwards classification. Surgical techniques were similar to the first description by Lecompte except for the fact that distal pulmonary arterial stumps were approximated to ventriculotomy site without Lecompte maneuver in all cases. Also in all cases, mon-ocusps were placed using glutaraldehyde fixed autologous pericardial patch directly in right ventricular outflow tract. Three patients died postoperatively and the causes of death were myocardial failure, pulmonary hypertensive crisis and pulmonary complication due to progressive pulmonary vascualr obstructive disease respectively. The three survivors have been followed up for 6~10 months with good functional results.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to examine relative contribution of personal.family.peer and school variables influencing runaway particularly the first-time rundaway and repeated one and to classify runaway types Runaway was significantly influenced by peer delinquency manic behavior family dysfunction school achievement night school depression family type and abuse by family members. First-time runaway was significantly influenced by peer delinquency family type depression abuse by family members night school Repeated runaway was significantly influenced by peer delinquency family dysfunction school achievement manic behavior and night school. Three runaway types were classified $\ulcorner$runaways from family crisis$\lrcorner$$\ulcorner$runaways dissatisfied with family$\lrcorner$ and $\ulcorner$funseekers$\lrcorner$.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.110-126
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the recently realized continuous volatility and discrete jumps of US Dollar/Euro returns using the frequency of five minute returns spanning the period from February 2010 through February 2018with periodicity filters. Design/Methodology - This paper adopts the nonparametric estimation. The realized volatility and Realized Outlying Weighted variations show non-Gaussian, fat-tailed, and leptokurtic distributions. Some significant volatility jumps in returns occurred from 2010 through 2018, and the very exceptionally large and irregular jumps occurred around 2010-2011, after the EU financial crisis, and 2015-2016. The outliers occurred somewhat frequently around the years of 2015 and 2016. Originality/value - When we include periodicity filters of volatility such as MAD, Short Half Scale, and WSD, the five minute returns of US Dollar/Euro exchange rates have smaller daily jump probabilities by 20-30% than when we do not include the periodicity filters of volatility. Thus, when we consider the periodicity filters of volatility such as MAD, Short Half Scale, and WSD, the five minute returns of US Dollar/Euro have considerably smaller jump probabilities.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2023

Recently, the crisis of demographic extinction is rising in Korea more than any other country, and it is difficult for industrial sites to maintain without 'foreign workers'. Industrial accidents and accident deaths of foreign workers account for 7.6% and 12.3% of the total, through an in-depth analysis of fatal accidents in the manufacturing industry, differences and similarities between fatal accidents of foreign workers and all fatal accidents were confirmed in terms of occurrence type, workplace size, length of service, employment type, etc. In this study, customized countermeasures were found.