• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.197-214
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• 2017

It requires professional knowledge and much time to judge intellectual property rights infringement. The duties of customs administration are the balance between the propositon of trade facilitation through rapid clearance and the thesis of social security through exact examination. There is a view that the criminal procedure law control is necessary to the goods inspection of clearnce procedure if it is related to crimianl investigation. However, it seems that the customs law does not consider the goods inspection investigation as the investigation under judicial control, but only the mere administrative investigation. It can be said that the inspection of goods by customs law functioning as a clue of investigation is confined to the ordinary goods inspection, including the screening test. Searching for specific articles by specific informaition should be under the control of criminal procedure law because it constitutes the commencement of criminal investigation in criminal cases. This interpretation could be an opportunity as a harmonious operation between the goods inspection of customs clearance and the search and seizure of criminal procedure.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.77
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• pp.137-163
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• 2016

In the early 1900, photography, magic lantern and cinema were simultaneously introduced and experienced until the mid-1910s as mysterious and magical symbol of modern science and technology. The technology of vision, cinema in particular demonstrated its commercially expandable potentials through serial films in the mid-1910s, silent cinema in the 1920s and talkies in 1930s. I argue that a metaphor 'like a movie' which was would be spoken out by peoples as a cliche ever since the late 1910s whenever they encountered something uncanny, mysterious, and looking wholly new phenomena informs how cinematic technology worked in colonial society at the turning point to the early 20th century. Mass in colonial society accepted cinema and other visual technologies not only as an advanced science of the times but as texts of modernity that is the reason why cinema had so quickly taken cultural hegemony over the colony. Until the mid-1920s, discourse on cinema focused not on cinema itself, rather more on the theatre matters such as hygiene, facilities for public use, disturbance, quarrels and fights, theft, and etc. Since the mid-1920s and especially in wartime 1930s, discourses about negative influences and effects of cinema on behavior, mind and spirit of masses, bodily health, morality and crime were articulated and delivered by Japanese authorities and agencies like as police, newspapers and magazines, and collaborate Korean intellectuals. Theories and research reports stemming from disciplines of psychology, sociology, and mass-psychology that emphasized vulnerability and susceptibility of the crowd and mass consumers who would be exposed to visual images, spectacles and strong toxic stimulus in everyday lives. Those negative discourse on influences and effects of cinema was intimately associated with fear of the crowd and mass as well as new technology which does not allow clear understanding about how it works in future. The fact that cinema as a technology of vision could be used as an apparatus of ideology and propaganda stirred up doubts and pessimistic perspectives on cinema influence. Discourse on visual technology cinema constructed under colonial governance is doomed to be technology of mass control for empire's own sake.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2020

In this paper we propose a for high school students who are attending a nationwide city with experience in Internet pornography, we would like to find out the impact of Internet pornography experience and self-regulation on sex crime harmful behavior. For this study, an Internet panel survey was conducted using a purposeful method of significant allocation inference. During the period, 246 copies of the questionnaire were distributed for about a month from May to June 2018 and 210 parts were analyzed except for 36 parts with no experience of pornographic material, and further analysis was conducted on 85 respondents with experience in harmful behavior of sexual violence. To this end, analysis tools used the SPS WIN 20.0 program version. The research results are as follows. First, we could find that Internet pornography has a negative effect on teenagers. This shows the probability of developing sexual violence into behavior as people can experience pornographic material regardless of their will due to the high Internet access. Second, the self-regulation of sexual violence behavior is found to have no direct impact. This is not just the adolescent's will to do so, but it is affected by the external environment. Third, self-regulation has proven its role as a modulator to mitigate negative perceptions of Internet pornography. Based on this, the proposal for limiting current prices was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2016

The everyday life of police officers requires them to face a number of criminal acts and enter compromising crime scenes. In this case, officers may be compelled to make a personal expression of negative emotions. Negative emotions of members confidence for effective job processing and contributions duties and achievement of the job within the marine police force. Therefore, to control the emotive dissonance of organization members is a great help to the development of the organization. This study focuses on emotional dissonance among marine police officers to verify the impact of this dissonance on job burnout and consider the mediating effect of emotional intelligence. Research results are as follows: First, the relationship between emotional dissonance sub-factors and job burnout among marine police officers was studied. It was found that marine police did not feel emotionally jarred because they consciously tried to abstain from emotional engagement, but this was found to reduce emotional intelligence as related to desired emotions as well. Second, Emotional intelligence of the Marine Police was found on a significant impact on job burnout. Third, the impact of emotions in relation to emotional dissonance that job burnout of marine police intelligence officials confirmed that there is a statistically significant mediating effect. Finally, in a comparison of direct effects versus mediated effects, marine police were seen to be prone to emotional dissonance and experienced job burnout as a direct result of applying greater emotional intelligence.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.145-156
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• 2021

This study is aimed to improve the youth theft prevention program with rationality and practicality, based on the needs of practitioners who conduct these programs in fields. The survey questionnaire was prepared based on previous researches, and the survey was conducted on 72 probation officers and education instructors nationwide running a youth theft prevention program. As a result, practitioners reported the lack of self-control and high impulsivity as the main characteristics of the theft delinquent adolescents. And they recognized peer alignment and family problems as the causes of theft. As for the contents of the program, they reported that recidivism prevention skills such as understanding psychological problems, peer relationships, raising a sense of law compliance, anger, impulse control, dealing with negative emotions, and finding alternative behaviors, as well as moral development, are necessary. These results indicate that multi-dimensional interventions such as individuals, families, and peers are needed to prevent recidivism of juvenile theft. Implications of these results, future research directions, and limitations and significance of the study were discussed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2022

Steganography is a hidden technique in which secret messages are hidden in various multimedia files, and it is widely exploited for cyber crime and attacks because it is very difficult for third parties other than senders and receivers to identify the presence of hidden information in communication messages. Botnet typically consists of botmasters, bots, and C&C (Command & Control) servers, and is a botmasters-controlled network with various structures such as centralized, distributed (P2P), and hybrid. Recently, in order to enhance the concealment of botnets, research on Stego Botnet, which uses SNS platforms instead of C&C servers and performs C&C communication by applying steganography techniques, has been actively conducted, but image or video media-oriented stego botnet techniques have been studied. On the other hand, audio files such as various sound sources and recording files are also actively shared on SNS, so research on stego botnet based on audio steganography is needed. Therefore, in this study, we present the results of comparative analysis on hidden capacity by file type and tool through experiments, using a stego botnet that performs C&C hidden communication using audio files as a cover medium in Telegram Messenger.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

Witnesses will be exposed to a variety of misinformation after the witnessing of the event and state at the scene of the investigation after the delay period. This study was conducted to promote correct recall reporting without being affected by factors that against correct recall. Self-Administered Interview(SAI) is known to obtain eyewitness accounts quickly and accurately. Therefore, we performed a SAI to see if it reported more information than the control group that did not perform the SAI. Also, it also performed that correct information was maintained without being affected by misinformation and delay. Eighty-eight participants were asked to perform SAI or game after showing a video of mock crime. Misinformation was presented in the first or second session to see if it affected recall. An analysis of responses from the final test conducted in the second session by participants showed that groups that conducted SAI after a four-week delay reported more correct information than control groups, while there was no difference between incorrect- and confabulation information. In particular, the timing of presenting misinformation did not affect the amount of recall. This suggests that conducting the SAI immediately after witnessing the event protects correct information even after four weeks. Finally, the significance and limitations of this study, and subsequent studies were discussed.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.355-385
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• 2005

As the system of autonomous police that has been debated for long time is fixed to be introduced by the program of participatory government, this treatise intends to analyze main contents and review controversial items in order to present supplementary measures. The program of participatory government to introduce autonomous police in Korea focuses on converting the autonomous police of Korea from centralized police administration in order to provide 'customized security service' that is appropriate to the regional environment. Thus, if relevant city, county or district considers that it is required to introduce the system autonomous police, the assembly may enforce the decision by enacting ordinance. For enforcement, organization in the unit of section will be established in the line of mayor, county headman and district office. The main role will be security service that is closely related to the life of inhabitants such as crime prevention, patrol, traffic crackdown, etc. as well as public health, sanitation and environmental control which are being performed by autonomous organization at present. However some expected controversial items may be summarized in the following 3 points on the premise of accepting the program of government. First, the point at issue related to the basic function of police. The basic function of police is generally understood as order keeping function such as anterior and preventive job and law enforcing function such as posterior and suppressing job. By the way, the program of government does not endow the autonomous police with investigation right for general crime, thereby raising the controversy that our autonomous police is nothing but the assistant of police. Furthermore, the present national police also expresses its dissatisfaction to the transfer of authority. Second, the issue of balance of security service between self-governing bodies may be raised. The security environment is different between self-governing bodies and thus demand of security is different. Therefore, the security service of autonomous police will reveal difference in qualitative aspect for each self-governing body. Moreover, it can be easily anticipated that the quality of security service may be different as per the financial independence degree. Third, the point at issue anticipated with the operation funded by the budget of self-governing body. As autonomous police is operated by the budget of self-governing body, the following problems may be raised; (1) since police administration is subordinated to general administration, the concentration may be weakened (2) the cooperation between policy agencies may be impeded (3) owing to the difficult in possessing spare police, the mobility of police may be somewhat reduced.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 2006

Data mining is an information extraction activity to discover hidden facts contained in databases. Using a combination of machine learning, statistical analysis, modeling techniques and database technology, data mining finds patterns and subtle relationships in data and infers rules that allow the prediction of future results. Typical applications include market segmentation, customer profiling, fraud detection, evaluation of retail promotions, and credit risk analysis. Law enforcement agencies deal with mass data to investigate the crime and its amount is increasing due to the development of processing the data by using computer. Now new challenge to discover knowledge in that data is confronted to us. It can be applied in criminal investigation to find offenders by analysis of complex and relational data structures and free texts using their criminal records or statement texts. This study was aimed to evaluate possibile application of data mining and its limitation in practical criminal investigation. Clustering of the criminal cases will be possible in habitual crimes such as fraud and burglary when using data mining to identify the crime pattern. Neural network modelling, one of tools in data mining, can be applied to differentiating suspect's photograph or handwriting with that of convict or criminal profiling. A case study of in practical insurance fraud showed that data mining was useful in organized crimes such as gang, terrorism and money laundering. But the products of data mining in criminal investigation should be cautious for evaluating because data mining just offer a clue instead of conclusion. The legal regulation is needed to control the abuse of law enforcement agencies and to protect personal privacy or human rights.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.40
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• pp.147-174
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• 2014

Motorcycle patrol is used for traffic control and enforcement in highly congested areas. One of the major problems with this form of patrol is that it is extremely dangerous since just about any type of accident tends to cause harm to the rider. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of police motorcycle patrol, and to suggest the methods for improving the effectiveness of police motorcycle patrol. This study conducts the survey on 139 policemen that belong to Daejeon Provincial Police Agency that had implemented motorcycle patrol. By factor analysis, the intimacy between policemen and citizens, the excellence of patrol devices, the speed of response, and the appropriacy of patrol method are grouped as the independent variables. And the dependent variable is the effectiveness of police motorcycle patrol. The results of this study demonstrates that the effectiveness of police motorcycle patrol is affected statistically by the speed of response, the appropriacy of patrol, and the intimacy between policemen and citizens. But, the intimacy between policemen and citizens affected the effectiveness negatively. Therefore, police department must make the effort for increasing the speed of response and enhancing the appropriacy of patrol. Also, police department must make patrolmen sincerely conscious of the value of police-community relation.