• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.729-734
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• 2002

본 연구에서 PSS로 도핑된 EB와 LEB 형태의 폴리아닐린 필름을 ITO전극위에 m-cresol, chloroform 혼합용액을 도포시켜 제조하였다. UV 실험결과로부터 m-cresol에 의한 이차 도핑 효과를 확인 할 수 있었으며, m-cresol의 양이 증가할수록 폴리아닐린 필름의 전도도는 증가하였다. 이차도핑에 의한 전도도 향상은 제조된 폴리아닐린과 m-cresol의 상호작용에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 폴리아닐린의 전기화학적 실험결과 LEB로 제작된 폴리아닐린 전극의 산화 환원 피크 전류는 EB로 제작된 폴리아닐린 전극보다 더 크고 가역적인 것을 CV를 통해 구할 수 있었다. 또한 전하전달 저항은 m-cresol의 양이 증가할수록 감소하였으며, LEB/PSS 전극의 전하 전달 저항 값이 EB/PSS 전극보다 작았다. 이것은 CV에서 얻은 경향과 일치하였다. 제조된 폴리아닐린 전극 모두 이중층 용량과 용액저항은 일정하였으며, 용액저항은 주파수에 무관한 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 PSS로 도핑된 폴리아닐린은 가상적인 n형 전도성 고분자의 특성을 나타내었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.153-163
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• 1997

In order to fad the most fitted biodegradation model, biodegradation kinetics model to the initial phenol and p-cresot concentrations were investigated and had been fitted by the linear regression. Bacteria capable of degrading p-cresol were isolated from soil by enrichment culture technique. Among them, strain Ml capable of degradillg p.rcresol has also degraded phenal and was identified as the genus Micrococcus from the results from of taxonomical studies. The optimal tonditlons for the biodegradation of phenal and p-cresol by Micrococcus sp. Ml were $NH_4NO_3$ 0.05%, pH 7.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$, respectively, and medium volume 100m1/250m1 shaking flask. iwicrococcus sp. Ml was able to grow on phenal concentration up to 14mM and p-cresol concelltration up to 0.8mM. With increasing substrate concentraction, the lag period increased, but the maximum specific growth rates decreased. The yield coefficient decreased with increasing substrate concentation. The biodegradation kinetics of phenol and p-cresol were best described by Monod with growth model for every experimented concentration. In cultivation of mixed substrate, p-cresol was degraded first and phenol was second. This result implies that p-cresol and phenol was not degraded simultaneously.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.832-839
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• 2021

양이온 계면활성제인 tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB)에 의한 크레졸 이성질체의 가용화에 미치는 치환기, 온도 그리고 NaCl과 n-부탄올과 같은 첨가제의 효과를 UV-Vis법으로 측정하였다. 가용화상수(K_s)값은 o-크레졸s값은 감소하였다. 크레졸 이성질체들의 가용화에 대하여 계산한 ∆G^o값과 ∆H^o값은 모두 음의 값을 나타내었다. 그러나 ∆S^o값은 모두 양의 값을 나타내었다. 또한 ∆G^o값은 n-부탄올의 농도가 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 그러나 NaCl의 농도가 증가할수록 더욱 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 사실들로부터 크레졸 이성질체들의 가용화에는 엔탈피와 엔트로피가 동시에 기여하고 있으며, 또한 크레졸분자들이 가용화되는 위치는 미셀의 표면이나 palisade층에서 주로 이루어짐을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.60-71
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• 1992

To investigate the delignification behaviour in solvolysis pulping process, Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa H. and Pinus Kuraiensis S. et Z. were cooked with p-cresol and vater solvent(2:8, 5:5, 8:2 v/v) at $175^{\circ}C$ for 9 cooking time levels(20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, min). Pulp yield, residual lignin content, de lignification rate, decarborhydration rate were determined. Delignification behaviours were analyzed by TEM. 1. The p-cresol-water solvent cooking of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa showed good delignification at the solvent system which the mixture ratio of p-cresol and water were 2:8(v/v), while the cooking of P. koraiensis with the p-cresol and water mixture ratio of 5:5 was no good. 2. P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa showed three step-delignification phenomena at the solvent system which the mixture ratio of p-cresol and water were 2:8(v/v) anti 5:5(v/v). But P. koraiensis showed a first order delignification reaction at the same mixture ratio of p-cresol and water solvent system. 3. In TEM micrograph obtained for the solvent system which the mixture ratio of p-cresol and water was 5:5(v/v), the partial delignification of the cell corner of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa and P. koraiensis were observed at 60min. of cooking time. Complete delignification at the cell corner of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa was observed at 160min. and that of P. koraiensis was observed of 180min. of cooking time. 4. In optical microscopic observation, fiber separation of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa occured at 120min. and that of P. koraiensis began at 140min. of cooking time. 5. At the solvent system which the mixture ratio of p-cresol and water was 5:5(v/v), middle layer on secondary wall($S_2$) and cell corner of P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa were more selectively delignified than primary wall(P) and outer layer on secondary wall($S_1$). However P. koraiensis did not showed any difference in delignification between cell wall layers and cell corner.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2004

물중의 ο-cresol을 흡착ㆍ제거할 때 여러 조건으로 전처리한 GAC의 흡착능을 조사하고 발생되는 변형반응을 관찰하여 전처리조건 및 그에 따른 용존산소가 GAC 흡착능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 전처리를 하지 않은 원 GAC와 산소, 산 및 염기로 전처리한 GAC를 흡착제로써 사용하였고 유산소 및 무산소조건을 적용하여 실험을 수행하였다. ο-Cresol에 대한 흡착능은 GAC 전처리방법에 따라 물중의 용존산소에 의해 다르게 영향을 받았다. 즉 원 GAC의 경우 용액중에 DO가 존재할 경우 GAC의 흡착능이 증가하였으나 산소로 전처리한 GAC의 경우 DO 존재여부와 무관하게 별다른 흡착능의 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 또 산처리 및 염기처리 GAC는 원 GAC에 비해 상대적으로 DO의 영향을 크게 받은 것으로 관찰되었다. 산처리 GAC 및 염기처리 GAC 모두 초기단계에 빠르게 ο-cresol을 흡착하는 것으로 관찰되었으며 접촉시간이 길어질수록 상대적으로 점차 흡착이 느려졌다. 그러나 산처리 GAC의 경우 약 5일이면 평형에 도달하였으나 염기처리 GAC는 10일 이상 접촉하여야만 평형에 도달하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 흡착속도 실험에서 관찰한 시점에 분리된 GAC로부터 소형 soxhlet 용출기구를 이용하여 흡착된 ο-cresol을 용출하였다. 초기 약 1시간이내에 두 조건(산 또는 염기처리 GAC사용)모두에서 용출율이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 약 1시간이후에는 용출율의 감소 또는 증가 경향이 관찰되지 않았으며 상대적으로 일정한 경향을 나타내어 약 35∼50%의 용출율을 나타내었다. 이러한 실험결과에 따르면 흡착 중 용액에 존재하는 용존산소는 물론이고 대상물질 흡착전에 GAC와 접촉시킨 $O_2$도 GAC 흡착능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 관찰되었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

This study presents a technical perspective to the fate characteristics of phenol and m-cresol, which represent some of the most common organic chemicals found in chemical spill accidents, and likely to persist in soil and groundwater due to their highly stable physicochemical properties. Some cases of domestic and foreign chemical accidents linked to phenol and m-cresol contamination were compiled. Due to their low organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (Koc), phenol and m-cresol tend to migrate into groundwater and remained as dissolved phase. On the other hands, phenol and m-cresol can be readily decomposed by microbes in soil and groundwater under appropriate conditions. Therefore, the fate characteristics of these chemicals are highly contingent on environmental conditions. Thus, if a great quantity of leakage is occurred by chemical accidents, the up-to-date and correct information about fate characteristics taking into account both the chemical and environmental conditions is greatly needed to minimized the potential hazards from these chemicals.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1990

The electrochemical oxidation behavior of p-cresol on platinum anode had been investigated by cyclic voltammetric method for the variation of concentration, scan rate of potential, temperature and pH of electrolyte. The oxidation potential of p-cresol was dependent on the electrolyte until the pH=11.5, but in basic solution over its, it was held at o.40V(vs. SCE). A diffusion was rate determining step of oxidation as irreversible reaction by the transfer atone electron. The current of peak was proportional to concentration of p-cresol until the 0.1N and optimum concentration was found to be about 0.1N. The activation energy was calculated for 5.8kcal/mol from the plot of log $I_l$ vs. 1/T.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.19-25
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• 1995

This research was carried out to investigate the methods of liquefaction with Pinus koraiensis, and chemical components of the liquefied wood by FT-IR analysis and pyrolysis-GC/MS. Acetylated wood powder was liquefied above 90% in phenol or m-cresol when treated at about 150$^{\circ}C$ for 30min., using some catalysts. Untreated wood powder was liquefied above 90% in phenol or m-cresol when treated at about 200$^{\circ}C$ for 60min., using some catalysts. The results of FTIR analysis, carbohydrates were terribly disintegrated, the other side lignin peaks were occurred in liquefied wood, particulary. The results of pyrolysis-GC/MS, the liquefied wood have clear four peaks, phenol, guaiacol, o-cresol and m-/p-cresol, due to degradation of lignin, particulary.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.202-206
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• 2003

Fusion Bonded Epoxy(FBE) systems have been widely used to protect pipelines for over 30 years. Numerous attempts have so far been made to improve the properties of FBE coatings such as chemical resistance, adhesion, water resistance, cathodic disbondment resistance, impact resistance, and flexibility to protect pipelines at a wet and a high temperature condition. But these attempts have not been successful in reducing some weakness, for instance, in pipeline operating at high temperature due to poor hot water resistance and cathodic protection. The purpose here is to build a basis for getting better corrosion resistance of FBE systems. Cresol-novolac epoxy coating systems were studied compared to bisphenol A type epoxy systems. After the immersion of the film in water at a high temperature for a long period, good adhesion to metal substrate and excellent cathodic disbond resistance were observed in the cresol-novolac epoxy resin systems. It is well known that the adhesion of organic coatings to metal substrate might be decreased due to the disruption of a chemical bond across the film and metal interface induced by water molecules. A high crosslinking density might decrease water permeability and improve cathodic disbonding protection in the coatings. Other factors are studied to understand anti-corrosion mechanism of Cresol-novolac epoxy coatings. In addition, the water absorption rate and the effect of cure temperature on the adhesion and cathodic disbonding resistance ofthe films were studied in different epoxy coatings and the effect of substrate was evaluated. The results of field application are proved that the Cresol-novolac epoxy coating system developed recently is one of the most suitable coatings for protection of pipelines.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.308-314
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• 1997

폴리우레탄 전선도료 제조시의 TDI와 MDI의 blocking 반응에 미치는 촉매와 blocking reagents(BR)의 영향에 대하여 조사하였다. 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO)와 tetramethyl guanidine(TMG)와 같은 촉매들은 NCO의 blocking 반응을 완결시키는데 필요한 것으로 나타났다. TMG는 DABCO에 비해 매우 빠른 반응속도를 보였다. TMG의 농도는 1%까지 반응도에 대하여 정량적으로 비례하였다. DABCO의 경우는 0.25%의 농도에서 가장 높은 반응도를 나타내었다. BR의 입체영향을 알아보기 위해 phenol, p-cresol, m-cresol, o-cresol, 2,4-xylenol과 같은 BR 등을 사용하였다. 예측한대로 입체장애가 적은 BR이 높은 반응도를 보였다. 또한 이 반응 시스템에서는 온도와 BR의 농도가 증가할수록 반응도가 증가하였다.