• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

In this paper, the creep characteristics of lead and lead-free solder joint were investigated using the QFP(Quad Flat Package) creep test. Two kind of solder pastes(Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-0.2Sb-0.4Ag-37.4Pb) were applied to the QFP solder joints and each specimen was checked the external and internal failures(i.e., wetting failure, void, pin hole, poor-heel fillet) by digital microscope and X-ray inspection. The creep test was conducted at the temperatures of $100^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$ under the load of 15$\sim$20% of average pull strength in solder joints. The creep characteristics of each solder joints were compared using the creep strain-time curve and creep strain rate-stress curves. Through the comparison, the Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu solder joints have higher creep resistance than that of Sn-0.3Sb-0.4Ag-37.4Pb. Also, the grain boundary sliding in the fracture surface and the necking of solder joint were observed by FE-SEM.

• 한국압력기기공학회 논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2019

In recent years, attention has been paid to the integrity of steam generator (SG) tubes due to severe accident and beyond design basis accident conditions. In these transient conditions, steam generator tubes may be damaged by high temperature and pressure, which might result in a risk of fission products being released to the environment due to the failure. Alloy 690 which has increased the Cr content has been replaced for the SG tube due to its high corrosion resistance against stress corrosion cracking (SCC). However, there is lack of research on the high temperature creep rupture and life prediction model of Alloy 690. In this study, creep test was performed to estimate the high temperature creep rupture life of Alloy 690 using tube specimens. Based on manufacturer's creep data and creep test results performed in this study, creep life prediction was carried out using the Larson-Miller (LM) Parameter, Orr-Sherby-Dorn (OSD) parameter, Manson-Haford (MH) parameter, and Wilshire's approach. And a hyperbolic sine (sinh) function to determine master curves in LM, OSD and MH parameter methods was used for improving the creep life estimation of Alloy 690 material.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

목적: 각종 기계 부품에 주로 사용되는 9% Ni 합금강의 고온 크리프 시험과 그 시편들의 파단면을 관찰하고 Larson-Miller 변수를 적용하여 상수 C값을 결정하여 합금강의 수명을 예측하는데 있다. 방법: 본 시험의 장치는 Andrade와 F. Garofalo 등이 고안한 레버-빔 형으로 제작되었고, 크리프시험 설정조건은 시험편에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 4가지의 온도조건과 4가지 응력조건을 설정하여 16가지의 조건 하에서 시험을 실시하였다. 결과: 크리프 시험온도가 증가함에 따라 크리프 변형에 따른 응력의 멱지수(n)는 3.97에서 3.55로 점진적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 크리프 변형의 활성화에너지는 응력이 증가함에 따라 90.39에서 83.64 kcal/mol로 점진적으로 감소하였다. Larson-Miller 변수의 계산에 의한 상수 C값은 약 22로 계산되었으며, 사용온도가 제시되면 그 수명을 예측할 수 있다. 파단면의 SEM 측정결과 저온과 고온의 경우는 입내파단에 의한 취성파괴 현상이 나타났으며, 중간정도 온도영역에서는 입계파단에 의한 연성파괴현상이 나타났으며, 일부에서는 딤풀현상도 나타났다. 결론: 9% Ni 합금강에 대한 고온 크리프시험과 그 시편들의 파단면을 관찰한 결과를 제시하여 그 파괴현상을 분석함으로써 설비분야의 부품활용에 대한 기초설계 자료를 구축하여 장비의 수명예측에 유용하게 응용될 수 있다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2010

In the present study, the loading frequency dependencies of cyclic shear strength and elastic shear modulus of reconstituted clay were examined by performing undrained cyclic triaxial tests and undrained cyclic triaxial tests to determine deformation properties. The result of undrained cyclic triaxial test of reconstituted and saturated clay shows that a faster frequency leads to higher stress amplitude ratio, but when the frequency becomes fast up to a certain point, the stress amplitude ratio will reach its maximum limit and the frequency dependence becomes insignificant. And also, the result of undrained cyclic triaxial deformation test shows a fact that a faster loading frequency leads to higher equivalent shear modules and smaller hysteresis damping ratio, and confirms the frequency dependence of cohesive soil. Meanwhile, the result of the creep test shows that continuing creep is created in the undrained cyclic triaxial test with slow loading frequency rate, and since loading rate becomes slower at the vicinity of the maximum and the minimum deviator stress due to sine wave loading, the vicinity of the maximum and the minimum deviator stress shall be more influenced by creep.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.3105-3112
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• 1996

Asymmetric creep behaviors of ceramics under high temperature were investigated. Based on the Norton's power-low creep equation, multidirectional creep equations were proposed for general geometric loading conditions. The proposed equations were implemented into finite element program (ABAQUS) to simulate creep behaviors of ceramics in complicated loading conditions. The calculated results were compared with experimental data for uniaxial compression of Si-SiC C-ring and flexure of Si-SiC and $Al_2O_3$ in the literature. The finite element results agreed well with experimental data when the principal stresses are smaller than the threshold stress for creep damage. A good agreement was also obtained for damage zone in Si-SiC bending creep specimen compared with experimental data.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1990

극지방의 해양 환경은 낮은 온도와 함께 여러 가지 형태로 존재하는 얼음의 분포에 의해 큰 영향을 받는다. 빙하와 빙산, 해빙 등 빙역학의 기초적인 이해를 위하여 본 연구는 polycrystalline ice의 재료적 특성과 파괴기구 등을 파악하고 극지 방하유동시 관측되는 creep 변경을 기술하기 위한 constitutive 모델을 제시하였다. 빙변형에 관여되는 여러 가지 물리적 변화 중 microcracking에 의한 재료의 손상을 주요인으로 간주하여 파손역학의 이론을 적용한 3차원 수치모델을 개발하였으며 기발표된 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 1축 균일압축을 받는 경우 실험 데이타와 수치모델은 유사한 거동을 보이고 있으며, 빙변형에 있어서 1, 2기 creep의 소성적 변형특성 뿐 아니라 microcracking에 의한3기(tertiary) creep의 특징까지도 잘 기술해 주고 있다.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.496-500
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• 2008

Plastics is commonly used in consumer electronics because of it is high strength per unit mass and good productivity. But plastic parts are usually distorted after injection molding due to the residual stress after filling, packing, cooling process, and etc. And plastic material is to be deteriorated according to various temperature conditions and operating time, which can be characterized by stress relaxation and creep. The viscoelastic behavior of plastic materials in time domain can be expressed by the Prony series of the commercial code, ABAQUS. In the paper, the process to predict the post deformation under cyclic thermal loadings was suggested. The process was applied to the real panel, and the deformation predicted by the analysis was compared with that of real test, which showed the possibility of applying the suggested process to predict the post deformation of plastic product under thermal loadings.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.516-521
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• 2004

In unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), the high temperature results from friction among the air, combustion of fuel in engine and combustion gas of a nozzle. The high temperature may cause serious damages in UAV structure. The Functionally Graded Material (FGM) is chosen as a material of thc engine duct structure. Thermal stress analysis of FGM is performed in this paper. FGM is composed of two constituent materials that are mixed up according to the specific volume fraction distribution in order to withstand high temperature. Therefore, hoop stress, axial stress and shear stress of duct with 2 layers, 4 layers and 8 layers FGM are compared and analyzed respectively. In addition, the creep behavior of FGM used in duct structure of an engine is analyzed for better understanding of FGM characteristics.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.288-292
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• 2008

Plastics is commonly used in consumer electronics because of it is high strength per unit mass and good productivity. But plastic parts are usually distorted after injection molding due to the residual stress after filling, packing, cooling process, and etc. And plastic material is to be deteriorated according to various temperature conditions and operating time, which can be characterized by stress relaxation and creep. The viscoelastic behaviour of plastic materials in time domain can be expressed by the Prony series of the commercial code, ABAQUS. In the paper, the process to predict the post deformation under cyclic thermal loadings was suggested. The process was applied to the real panel, and the deformation predicted by the analysis was compared with that of real test, which showed the possibility of applying the suggested process to predict the post deformation of plastic product under thermal loadings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.197-222
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• 2006

In this paper, the non-linear time-dependent closed-form, discrete and combined solutions for the post-elastic response of a geometrically and physically non-linear suspended cable to a uniformly distributed load considering the creep effects, are presented. The time-dependent closed-form method for the particularly straightforward determination of a vertical uniformly distributed load applied over the entire span of a cable and the accompanying deflection at time t corresponding to the elastic limit and/or to the elastic region, post-elastic and failure range of a suspended cable is described. The actual stress-strain properties of steel cables as well as creep of cables and their rheological characteristics are considered. In this solution, applying the Irvine's theory, the direct use of experimental data, such as the actual stress-strain and strain-time properties of high-strength steel cables, is implemented. The results obtained by the closed-form solution, i.e., a load corresponding to the elastic limit, post-elastic and failure range at time t, enable the direct use in the discrete non-linear time-dependent post-elastic analysis of a suspended cable. This initial value of load is necessary for the non-linear time-dependent elastic and post-elastic discrete analysis, concerning incremental and iterative solution strategies with tangent modulus concept. At each time step, the suspended cable is analyzed under the applied load and imposed deformations originated due to creep. This combined time-dependent approach, based on the closed-form solution and on the FEM, allows a prediction of the required load that occurs in the post-elastic region. The application of the described methods and derived equations is illustrated by numerical examples.