• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2021

The size of container ships is increasing to increase the cargo loading capacity. However, container ships are limited in terms of the hull longitudinal strength. To overcome this limitation, brittle crack arrest steel can be used. This study was aimed at examining the influence of the heat input on the welding procedures of flux cored arc welding and submerged arc welding. In the experiment, the crack tip opening displacement test, which pertains to a parameter of fracture mechanics, was performed, and a 3-point bending tester was adopted. Based on the results, the crack measurement method was presented, and the stress expansion coefficient value for the pre-fatigue crack length was derived according to the heat input after the pre-cracking length was measured. It was noted that the heat input affected the crack tip opening displacement of brittle crack arrest steel.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.535-541
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 입자강화 복합재료의 파괴거동을 평가하기 위해 쐐기분열시험을 수행하였다. 균열 저항성을 분석하기 위해 균열선단열림변위(CTOD)와 균열선단열림각도(CTOA)를 이용하였다. 사용된 입자강화 복합재료는 특성상 온도와 하중속도에 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 다양한 온도($-60^{\circ}C{\sim}50^{\circ}C$)와 하중속도(5~500mm/min)조건에서 시험을 수행하였다. 또한 균열선단에 대한 변형률장을 분석하기 위해 디지털 이미지 상관법(DIC)을 이용하였다. 시험결과 파괴에너지는 온도가 감소할수록 증가하였으며, 하중속도가 증가할수록 균열저항성이 증가하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.221-241
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• 2007

Based on the experiment results, the damage and fracture behavior of concrete at the ages of 1d, 2d, 7d and 28d, in three-point bending and uniaxial tensile tests, were simulated with a finite element program, ABAQUS. The critical stress intensity factor $K_{IC}^s$ and the critical crack tip opening displacement ($CTOD_C$) of concrete were calculated with effective-elastic crack approach for the three-point bending test of grade C30 concrete. Based on the crack band model, a bilinear strain-softening curve was derived to simulate the LOAD-CMOD curves and LOAD-Displacement curves. In numerical analysis of the uniaxial tension test of concrete of grade C40, the damage and fracture mechanics were combined. The smeared cracking model coupling with damaged variable was adopted to evaluate the onset and development of microcracking of uniaxial tensile specimen. The uniaxial tension test was simulated by invoking the damage plastic model which took both damage and plasticity as inner variables with user subroutines. All the numerical simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 LNG 저장탱크의 안전성을 확보하기 위한 연구의 일환으로서, 실제 탱크의 건설에서와 같은 조건으로 SMAW(Shielded Metal Arc Welding) 방식으로 용접된 $9\%$ Ni강의 X-개선 후판용접부내의 파괴인성의 변화를 평가하고 미세조직을 분석하였다. 이때 파괴인성의 평가는 본 연구자들이 제안한 '개선한 CTOD(crack tip opening displacement) 시험법'으로 행하였으며 열영향부내의 미세조직 및 파면은 광학현미경, 주사전자현미경 및 X-선 회절 분석기로 관찰하였다. 결과로부터 열영향부 내의 CTOD 값은, 평가위치가 용융선(Fusion Line-F.L.)으로 접근할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 잔류 오스테나이트의 양이 줄어들고 결정립 미세화 효과가 없어지는 영역인 결정립 조대화영역이 열영향 부내에서 차지하는 분율이 증가함에 따른 것이다. 한편, 잔류 오스테나이트의 열적 안정성이 상대적으로 감소하게 되는 F.L.${\~}$F.L.+3mm에서 온도감소에 따른 인성감소의 정도가 F.L.+5mm${\~}$F.L.+7mm보다 상대적으로 매우 큼을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1988

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 재료(材料)의 배합(配合)이 단순한 mortar를 제작 그 균열발생을 관찰, 측정하여 정적하중(靜的荷重)에 의한 균열 및 일정진폭을 갖는 동적하중(動的荷重)에 의한 균열성장영역 예측을 시도한 것이다. 사용시편은 mortar의 배합비(配合比)와 물-시멘트비(比)를 달리하여 ASTM E 561-80에서 제안한 CLWL-DCB(crack-line-loaded-double-cantilever-beam)의 제1방법인 벽개형(劈開型)모드(opening mode)에 의거 균열성장거동을 측정하였다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서는 X-Y recorder에 나타난 하중(荷重)(P)-균열개구변위($2V_1$), 균열개구변위($2V_1$)-균열선단개구변위($2V_2$)의 diagram을 해석하여 정적하중(靜的荷重)에 의한 균열선단의 비선형적인 미소균열을 포함하는 유효균열길이(effective crack length; $a_e$)와 균열선단의 미소균열을 제외한 물리적균열길이(physical crack length; $a_m$) 및 replica 필름으로 구한 균열길이(replica crack length; $a_t$)의 상관관계와 일정진폭을 갖는 반복하중에 의한 $a_e$, $a_m$, $a_t$를 구하여 정적하중(靜的荷重)에 의한 균열특성과 동적하중(動的荷重)에 의한 균열특성을 조사한 것이다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

Recent economic trends are worsening and becoming longer, and Korean shipbuilding is focused on high value added and high technology, especially for LNG carriers and large container ships. Both ship types increased in size in the 2010s but have requirements such as high strength, toughness at low temperatures and continuous weldability for preventing brittle fractures at service temperatures. In particular, as container ships become larger, the International Classification Society (IACS) has established a provision (IACS UR S33) that mandates the use of BCA (Brittle Crack Arrest) certified vessels for large container vessels contracted after 2014 to ensure safety. Therefore, studies on BCA 47Y.P are currently being undertaken, but BCA 40Y.P has not been actively studied yet. We will test BCA 40Y.P to verify why it can be applied to a large container ship and measure fatigue cracking.

• 대한조선학회 특별논문집
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• 대한조선학회 2007년도 특별논문집
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• pp.118-127
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• 2007

SAW(Submerged Arc Welding) process is generally applied to a wide range of welding area in the fabrication of steel structure. This process has a good characteristic properties such as the high quality of welds and the high deposition rates, but in case of welding on a thick steel plate, it also has higher cold crack susceptibility than that of a thin steel plate. The purpose of this research is to find the main factor of crack generation and clarify the countermeasure for crack prevention, and then establish the optimum welding condition in a heavy thick steel plate. The results of this study are as follows, 1. The cause of crack generation is found the diffusible hydrogen penetrated into weld metal by decomposition of the remained moisture in SAW flux during welding. 2. For the removal of diffusible hydrogen, the raw materials of SAW flux are to be dehydrated at the high temperature in the initial manufacturing stage. 3. Mechanical properties of weld metal welded with the dehydrated SAW flux were evaluated very excellent, furthermore the weld metal has been proved to have low diffusible hydrogen content with 3.1ml /100g. 4. The weldability and quality welded with thick steel plates were improved by establishing the new optimum welding condition.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2007

Recently, many industries have been employing the application of laser beam welding, due to the resulting high welding quality, such as smaller width of melting and heat affective zone, smaller welding deformation, and fine grains of weldment, compared to arc welding. However, in order to appropriately utilize this welding process with steel structure, the characteristics of welding residual stresses and fracture toughness in welded joints are to be investigated for reliability. Therefore, in this study, the mechanical properties of weldments by arc and laser welding are investigated using FEM to confirm the weldability of laser welding to the general structural steel (HT50). The Charpy impact test and 3-points bending CTOD test are carried out in the range of temperatures between $-60^{\circ}C\;and\;20^{\circ}C$, in order to understand the effect on the fracture toughness of weldments. From the research results, it has been found that the maximum residual stress appears at the center of plate thickness, and that the fracture toughness is influenced by strength mis-match.