• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1251-1256
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• 2003

To determine the effect of Zibachunggan-tang(ZCT) on the process of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nuclear factor-kBp65 (NF-kBp65) activation, and LPS-induced expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), in HepG2 cell. Immunoblot analysis showed that the level of nucleic NF-kBp65 was rapidly up-regulated and cytosolic inhibitory I-kBα was down-regulated by LPS challenge. While ZCT inhibited an increase of NF-kBp65 and degradation of I-kBα in HepG2 cell. Beside LPS-induced expression of a group of genes, such as TNF-α, inducible iNOS and COX-2, are repressed by ZCT. It may be concluded that ZCT attenuates the progress of LPS-induced inflammation by reduction of NF-kBp65 activation. The ZCT would be useful as a therapeutic agent for endotoxin-induced liver disease.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2007

소프트웨어 고장 시간은 테스팅 시간과 관계없이 일정하거나. 단조증가 혹은 단조 감소 추세를 가지고 있다. 이러한 소프트웨어 신뢰모형들을 분석하기 위한 자료척도로 자료에 대한 추세 검정이 개발되어 있다. 추세 분석에는 산술평균 검정과 라플라스 추세 검정등이 있다. 추세분석들은 전체적인 자료의 개요의 정보만 제공한다. 이러한 분석도구를 다시 세분화하여 품질 관리측면에서 분석을 시도 할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 품질관리 측면에서 사용되는 공정능력지수를 이용한 공정분석을 시도하였다. 소프트웨어 고장 간격 시간은 비음이기 때문에 수명분포가 정규분포를 가정하는 기존의 공정능력분석방법 대신에 정규화 시켜주는 박스-코스 변환을 이용하여 공정 능력 분석을 시도 하였다. 공정능력에 사용된 고장 간격 시간자료는 실제 자료인 SS3을 이용하였고 그 결과를 나열 하였고 이런 결과들의 활용 방안을 제시 하였다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.688-697
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• 2006

Objectives : Peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), $O_2^-$ and nitric oxide (NO) are cytotoxic species that can oxidize several cellular components such as proteins. lipids and DNA. It has been implicated in the aging process and age-related disease such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer and atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate $ONOO^-$ scavenging activities. and that of its precursors. NO and $O_2^-$ of Trigonellae Semen. Methods : To investigate $ONOO^-$. NO. $O_2^-$ scavenging activities, fluorescent probes, namely 2'.7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). 4.5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) were used. Protein expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, NF-${\kappa}B$, and VCAM-1 were assayed by western blot. Results : Trigonellae Semen markedly scavenged authentic $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO. It also inhibited $ONOO^-$ induced by $O_2^-$ and NO which are derived from SIN-1. Furthermore. Trigonellae Semen inhibited $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO generation in LPS-treated ICR mouse kidney postmitochondria. Trigonellae Semen inhibited gene expression of iNOS, COX-2, VCAM-l and NF-${\kappa}B$ (p65) activation. Conclusions : These results suggest that Trigonellae Semen is an effective $ONOO^-$, $O_2^-$ and NO scavenger. and that this substance has a potential role as an inhibitor of the aging process, and in therapy against age-related diseases.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권3호통권31호
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• pp.22-33
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• 2006

Objective : Angiogenesis induced by hypoxia and inflammation are an essential process of solid tumors and psoriasis. We researched the HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ (hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha), VEGF(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), survival related PI3K-Akt, and inflammation related COX-2 protein expressions to get the information of the mechanism and effects of Rehmannia glutinosa in HepG2 and HaCaT cell lines. Method : To investigate the roles of the Rehmannia glutinosa extract, we performed MTS assay and western blots using HaCaT cells and HepG2 cells. HaCaT cells and HepG2 cells were treated with $50{\mu}g/ml$ and $100{\mu}g/ml$ Rehmannia glutinosa extracts. After 4hrs, HaCaT cells were treated with IGF-II protein for 24hrs and HepG2 cells were treated with $CoCl_2$. Results : 1. We could ohserve that the reduction of the protein level of HIT-1 ${\alpha}$ induced by IGF-II in HaCaT cells. 2. We Could ohserve that the decreased PI3K-Akt and COX-2 expression level by Rehmannia glutinosa extracts treated in HaCaT cells independently ith ERK1/2. 3. We could observe that the reduction of the protein level of HIF-1 ${\alpha}$ induced by $CoCl_2$ in HepG2 cells. Conclusion : These results suggest that Rehmannia glutinosa extracts contributes to the anti-survival pathway and anti-inflammatory activities. Also, we could assume that Rehmannia glutinosa act as anti-inflanmmatory or anti-hypoxia agents via reduction of COX-2 and HIF-1 ${\alpha}$.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.36-50
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was aimed to verify the cytoprotective function, antioxidative effect and inflammation genes inhibitory effects of Lycium chinense Milie. Therefore the generation of superoxide anion radical ( $O_2\;^-$), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ $(PGE_2)$ was investigated in the renal epithelial cells of mouse. Effects of Lycium chinense Milie on the expression of inflammation-related proteins, $IKK-{\alpha}$. $p-IKK-\alpha\beta$, $p-I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, $NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2 and iNOS, were examined by western blotting. Methods : For this study, the fluorescent probes were used, namely dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123), 4.5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) and 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA). Western blotting was performed using anti-$IKK-\alpha$, anti-phospho $IKK-\alpha\beta$, anti-phospho $I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, anti-$NF-{\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), anti-COX-2 and anti-iNOS, respectively. Results : Lyciutn chinense Milie reduced $H_{2}O_{2}$-induced cell death dose-dependently. It inhibited the generation of $O_2\;^-$, $ONOO^-$, NO and $PGE_2$ in the $H_{2}O_{2}$-treated renal epithelial cells of mouse in vitro. Lycium chinense Milie inhibited the expression of $IKK-\alpha$, $p-IKK-\alpha\beta,\;p-I{\kappa}B-\alpha$, COX-2 and iNOS genes by means of decreasing activation of $NF-{\kappa}B$. Conclusions : According to above results. Lycium chinense Milie recommended to be applied in treatment for the inflammatory process and inflammation-related diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2011

We consider an asymmetric power transformed threshold GARCH(1.1) process and find sufficient conditions for the existence of a strictly stationary solution, geometric ergodicity and ${\beta}$-mixing property. Moments conditions are given. Box-Cox transformed threshold GARCH(1.1) is also considered as a special case.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2011

The present study was designed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of fermented Liriope platyphylla extract on the production of inflammation-related mediators (NO, ROS, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS and COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Freeze-dried Liriope platyphylla was fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and extracted with 70% ethanol. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cells, the treatment with fermented Liriope platyphylla extract decreased the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species dose-dependently and increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Fermented Liriope platyphylla extract also inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. The expressions of NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines were inhibited by the treatment with fermented Liriope platyphylla extract. Thus, this study shows the fermented Liriope platyphylla extract could be effective at inhibiting the inflammation process.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.783-791
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• 2004

In this paper we review recent developments in nonlinear time series modeling on both conditional mean and conditional variance. Traditional linear model in conditional mean is referred to as ARMA(autoregressive moving average) process investigated by Box and Jenkins(1976). Nonlinear mean models such as threshold, exponential and random coefficient models are reviewed and their characteristics are explained. In terms of conditional variances, ARCH(autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) class is considered as typical linear models. As nonlinear variants of ARCH, diverse nonlinear models appearing in recent literature including threshold ARCH, beta-ARCH and Box-Cox ARCH models are remarked. Also, a class of unified nonlinear models are considered and parameter estimation for that class is briefly discussed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.5543-5552
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• 2013

Colorectal cancer (CRC), a complex multi-step process involving progressive disruption of homeostatic mechanisms controlling intestinal epithelial proliferation/inflammation, differentiation, and programmed cell death, is the third most common malignant neoplasm worldwide. A number of promising targets such as inducible nitric acid (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), $Wnt/{\beta}$-catenin, Notch and apoptotic signaling have been identified by researchers as useful targets to prevent or therapeutically inhibit colon cancer development. In this review article, we aimed to explore the current targets available to eliminate colon cancer with an update of dietary and non-nutritional compounds that could be of potential use for interaction with regulatory molecules to prevent CRC.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.887-894
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• 2016

개똥쑥 추출물(AAE)은 암에 효과적인 약초로 알려져 있다. Apoptosis는 프로그램화된 세포사멸로 미토콘드리아는 세포사멸 조절에 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구는 A549 폐암세포에서 Bcl-2 하위조절과 미토콘드리아 경로를 통한 AAE의 p53 비의존적인 세포사멸을 보여주고 있다. AAE는 p-Akt, cox-2, p53 그리고 미토콘드리아 조절 단백질을 통해 암세포의 사멸을 촉진한다. p-Akt/cox-2 단백질은 세포 증식과 생존에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. Bax, Bak, Bim과 같이 세포사멸을 촉진하는 Bcl-2 단백질은 미토콘드리아 외막의 투과성을 조절한다. AAE의 처리는 p-Akt, p-Mdm2, cox-2 그리고 anti-apoptotic 단백질과 같이 세포사멸을 억제하는 단백질들의 발현을 감소시키는 반면에 암 억제자인 p53과 pro-apoptotic 단백질들을 증가시킨다. Bax/Bak의 활성화는 caspase를 활성화시키기 위해 cytochrome c를 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로 방출하도록 한다. Caspase-3는 apoptosis 과정과 관련된 주요 effector caspase이다. Caspase-3는 일반적으로 pro-enzyme형태로 세포질에 존재한다. Apoptosis의 개시단계에서 caspase-3는 proteolytic cleavage에 의해 활성화되고 활성화된 caspase-3는 PARP를 분해한다. Apoptosis와 관련된 단백질들의 신호전달 사이의 상관관계를 알기 위해 Pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor)와 Celecoxib (cox-2 inhibitor)을 처리했다. 이러한 결과를 통해 A549 폐암 세포에 AAE를 처리하였을 때 p53-independent 경로를 통해 apoptosis가 유도된다는 것을 확인하였다.