• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.22-29
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• 2002

This study was conducted to suggest develop revegetation methods and to classification of cutting-rock slopes revegetation type. The data was collected from pre-experienced data, reports and journal. Also research result was reflected from field research for the conditions of construction, vegetation types and field conditions. As the result of analyze, the factors affecting the plant coverage rates of cutting-rock slopes were period of construction, revegetation methods, slope gradient and slope length. Classification of cutting-rock slopes revegetation type was fourth from material of revegetation measures and spray type. It is recommended to adjust the proposed factor as environment, field condition and characteristic related with revegetation measures on slopes for the presentation of revegetation standard.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 1995

Ketene (CH2CO) adsorption on Ag(111) has been studied in ultrahigh vacuum using electron energy loss spectroscopy and temperature programmed desorption. Ketene adsorbs molecularly on Ag(111) at temperatures below 126 K. The coverage increases linearly with exposure until saturation. No multilayer formation and no shift in desorption temperature with coverage were observed, indicating a lack of attractive interaction between adsorbate molecules. The desorption activation energy is estimated to be 7.8 kcal/mol by assuming first order kinetics and a pre-exponential factor of 1013 sec-1. The adsorption geometry of ketene on the surface is determined from the relative intensities of the vibrational energy loss peaks. The CCO axis of CH2CO is found to be almost parallel to (∼4°away from) the surface and the molecular plane is almost perpendicular to the surface (∼3°tilt).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.58-73
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to improve of fittness and coverage rate of exporting domestic clothing to China for Chinese Adult Female. For study, It was measured 1381 female women aged between 19 and 50 who resident in Beijing and Shanghai in China. as a sample, 1360 female women was seleted for development of apparel sizing system. As for the method of this study was made of 111 items by indirect measures done during Jun. 23 $\sim$ Aug. 7, 2004. Data analysis were processed by SPSS WIN 10.0 Program was used to for technical statistical analysis, correlation analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA(t-test and F-test), duncan's multiple test. The result was as follows: Chinese Adult women's constitutional components determined by factor analysis, six components could be identified: factor 1:constitutional obesty and width size, factor 2: longistudinal body size, factor 3: shoulder form and size, factor 4: longistudinal upper body size, factor 5: under body size, factor 6: shoulder dropping. According to the Women's Wear Specifications(GB/T 1335.2-1997) by drop, body types of Chinese Adult female was classified into six types, it was Y, A, B, C and Z, D. In order, A type as standard somatotype(49.8%), B type(26.9%), Y type (18.8%), C type(2.9%). Y type had the average height and shoulder, bust girth. They were slimmer in overall terms. A type had a normal obesity and body size in height, shoulder, bust girth. They were average Chinese Women. B type had a smaller then A type. They were more obes and thick waist girth. C type had the highest obesity, the widest shoulder and bust girth, and thick waist girth. The characteristics of each body type following the body type structure factor are Y-type for slender type, A-type for standard type, B-type for slightly large type, and C-type for obese type. For each region, the Beijing area had in the order of A-type, Y-type, B-type and C-type, and the Shanghai area had in the order of A-type, B-type, Y-type and C-type.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 2015

High-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) is generated from a nuclear burst at high altitudes above the Earth, the electromagnetic fields reach the ground nearly simultaneously with regard to the operation time of systems. The aim of this analysis is to inquire about HEMP characteristics and to analyze about effect in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. Specifically, HEMP characteristics are classified field sources, spatial coverage, time domain behavior, frequency spectrum and field intensities in this study. Bits error rate (BER) of the receiver with the software simulation is confirmed for the HEMP effect. Q-factor made a difference about interference duration by transfer characteristics of system. When Q factor is smaller, the recovery time from HEMP interference is short. To the contrary, if the Q factor is larger, the recovery duration is lasted longer by 300-600%.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.335-343
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• 2014

This paper considers the crucial problem of deploying wireless relays for achieving a connected wireless sensor network in indoor environments, an important aspect related to the management of the sensor network. Several algorithms have been proposed for ensuring full sensing coverage and network connectivity. These algorithms are not applicable to indoor environments because of the complexity of indoor environments, in which a radio signal can be dramatically degraded by obstacles such as walls. We first prove theoretically that the indoor relay placement problem is NP-hard. We then predict the radio coverage of a given relay deployment in indoor environments. We consider two practical scenarios; wire-connected relays and radio-connected relays. For the network with wire-connected relays, we propose an efficient greedy algorithm to compute the deployment locations of relays for achieving the required coverage percentage. This algorithm is proved to provide a $H_n$ factor approximation to the theoretical optimum, where $H_n=1+{\frac{1}{2}}+{\cdots}+{\frac{1}{n}}={\ln}(n)+1$, and n is the number of all grid points. In the network with radio-connected relays, relays have to be connected in an ad hoc mode. We then propose an algorithm based on the previous algorithm for ensuring the connectivity of relays. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve better performance than baseline algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.26 no.2 s.52
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• pp.168-178
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• 2004

Uncertainty of final measurement results considering main uncertainty sources being in nicotine of mainstream smoke was estimated. This study was accomplished by using the ISO 'The Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement'. Using the two point re-calibration method, uncertainty for nicotine concentration was calculated considering the uncertainty sources of each step. The concentration and uncertainty of nicotine in mainstream smoke was estimated as $153.95{\pm}17.84\;{\mu}g/mL\;(0.77\pm0.089 mg/cig)$. The expanded uncertainty was $17.84 {\mu}g/mL(\pm0.089 mg/cig).$ The reported expanded uncertainty of the measurement is stated as the standard uncertainty of measurement multiplied by a coverage factor of 2, which for a normal distribution corresponds to a coverage probability of approximately $95\%$ The former expression indicates the conversion concentration into the sample.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.1273-1293
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• 2010

Immune-inspired intrusion detection is a promising technology for network security, and well known for its diversity, adaptation, self-tolerance, etc. However, scalability and coverage are two major drawbacks of the immune-inspired intrusion detection systems (IIDSes). In this paper, we propose an IIDS framework, named GEP-IIDS, with improved basic system elements to address these two problems. First, an additional bio-inspired technique, gene expression programming (GEP), is introduced in detector (corresponding to detection rules) representation. In addition, inspired by the avidity model of immunology, new avidity/affinity functions taking the priority of attributes into account are given. Based on the above two improved elements, we also propose a novel immune algorithm that is capable of integrating two bio-inspired mechanisms (i.e., negative selection and positive selection) by using a balance factor. Finally, a pruning algorithm is given to reduce redundant detectors that consume footprint and detection time but do not contribute to improving performance. Our experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of our solution to handle the scalability and coverage problems of IIDS.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.12B
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• pp.1586-1594
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• 2011

LED-ID (light emitting diode - identification) technology is the new paradigm in the identification technology environment. LED-ID system typically needs line of sight (LOS) that supports narrow FOV transceivers links to achieve high data rate. On the other hand, narrow FOV reduces the coverage area. Therefore, the number of tags is increased significantly to cover the whole area. In this case number of link switching is increased when the reader moves within whole coverage area. Link switching delay is the important factor for the moving reader to maintain the communication with high data rate and better QoS. In this paper we propose in literature a new link switching scheme and measure the link switching delay time for LED-ID system. The simulation results show that the proposed link switching scheme is a possible candidate for multi-tag LED-ID system.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.138-147
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• 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric variations in patients of head and neck cancer treated with definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy using optimized non-coplanar (ncVMAT) beams with coplanar (cVMAT) beams using volumetric arc therapy. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients of head and neck cancer that had received radiotherapy using VMAT in our department were retrospectively analyzed. Each of the patients was planned using coplanar and non-coplanar orientations using an optimized couch angle and fluences. We analyzed the Conformity Index (C_IRTOG), Dose Homogeneity Index (DHI), Heterogeneity Index (HI_RTOG), low dose volume, target and organs-at-risk coverage in both the plans without changing planning optimization parameters. Results: The prescription dose ranged from 60 Gy to 70 Gy. Using ncVMAT, C_IRTOG, DHI and HI_RTOG, and tumor coverage (ID_95%) had improved, low dose spillage volume in the body V_5Gy was increased and V_10Gy was reduced. Integral dose and intensity-modulated radiation therapy factor had increased in ncVMAT. In the case of non-coplanar beam arrangements, maximum dose (D_max) of right and left humeral head were reduced significantly whereas apex of the right and left lung mean dose were increased. Conclusion: The use of ncVMAT produced better target coverage and sparing of the shoulder and soft tissue of the neck as well as the critical organ compared with the cVMAT in patients of head and neck malignancy.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2000

Soil erosion in the hilly and mountainous uplands in the Daekwanryong area, Kangwon-Do, were investigated through a field plot experiment. The plot size was 15m long and 2.5m wide with the average slope of 12.5 percents. Soil erodibility factor (K), surface coverage (SC), soil aggregate percentage and wind erodibility (I) were evaluated in the mountainous soils under different management practices for corn and potato cultivations. Soil erodibility factor (K) was greater in upper part than in lower part of the plots. Surface coverage (SC) values ranged from 0.01 to 0.84 depending on the amounts of crop residues. Soils having a greater crop residue in surface were less subjected to soil erosion. SC values after corn harvest were 0.4 to 0.8, while those after potato harvest were 0.4 to 0.5, indicating potato might be better than corn for erosion control. Soil aggregate percentages of the experimental plots ranged from 49.7 to 79.8%. Those were higher in potato-cultivated plots with higher surface coverage, organic fertilizer treatment and contour tillage. Soil aggregate percentage of potato-cultivated plots was significantly correlated to crop residue coverage after harvest. The dried soil aggregate percentage, showing the ranges of 26.4 to 56.4%, were higher in the plots with the increased crop residue incorporation. Wind erodibility (I) of the soil was decreased with increasing surface coverage. When soil had 26.4% of the dried aggregate percentage, wind erodibility was estimated to be $183Mgha^{-1}$ which was equivalent to soil loss of $0.5Mg\ha^{-1}day^{-1}$.