• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2011

Today's arbitrations see themselves as the most effective scheme for dispute resolution in a variety of transactional context. While some kind of ADR system was already introduced in Korea as of 2007 with revision of the Consumer Basic Law, consumers' needs in dispute resolution remain unmet. Recently one consumer arbitration case divides the U.S. Supreme Court. Of course, the result of the case is expected to affect tens of millions of arbitration agreements in the States which has the most developed scheme in consumer arbitrations. While Arbitration clauses in adhesion contracts are not automatically held to be substantively unconscionable, Class action waivers are one of the most controversial issues in consumer arbitration. In this study, with the theoretical background of consumer arbitrations general, and contractual defenses against adhesive contracts, reviewed are U.S. federal courts' attitudes toward certain consumer arbitration agreements including the class arbitration waiver. Moreover, several issues in AT&T case are examined for practical implications for consumer dispute resolution. All of these are expected to initiate further research to find some guidelines for the proper status and operation of consumer arbitration here in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2007

Since 2001, we have taught computer in elementary school to become the advanced country of IT in the 21C. However, it is criticized that the contents of information literacy curriculum are weak because they are not the computer science but mainly the computer skills. In 2005, "ICT Education Guide Revision" is published. Thereafter, the curriculum has systematic frame because of the addition of the contents of computer science. However, the curriculum for improving the ability of problem solving which is one of the abilities of human in the information society is somewhat defective. Therefore, in this paper I analysed the curriculums of problem solving field in elementary school level of some countries and proposed the revised curriculum of problem solving field of elementary computer science course.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.59
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• pp.81-112
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• 2013

This article intends to examine main features of revision in relation to the duration of cover in the Institute Cargo Clauses 2009 and the results of analysis are as followings. First, the cover, which had been "warehouse to warehouse", has been extended to what may be called "shelf to unloading". Thus the insurance attaches when the goods are first moved within the warehouse or place of storage at the named place for the purpose of immediate loading for the commencement of transit. Secondly, the new termination Clause 8.1.3 requires an election by the assured, or their employees, to use a vehicle or container, for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit. Thirdly, Clause 10.1, which deals with the assured's voluntary change of voyage, was amended to solve the problem that the words "held covered" could be misunderstood by an assured without specialist knowledge of English marine insurance law to be a guarantee of cover, even where cover would not be commercially available. Finally, Clause 10.2 is designed to solve the so-called "phantom ship problem", arising from the harsh decision in The Prestrioka. The new Clause 10.2 provides protection for an innocent assured in the situation of a phantom ship.

• Fashion, Industry and Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.60-69
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• 2016

Visual literacy, a key element of a design portfolio, is achieved by communicating a consistent visual aesthetic with respect to design elements, design principles and individual style. Yet, students often feel challenged in articulating their personal aesthetic or design philosophy in order to create a unifying design identity within a body of artifacts. This paper shares some best practices on overcoming this challenge through students' engagement in self-reflection and identity formation processes. The implemented innovative strategy in a senior-level portfolio development course for apparel designers involved four different phases: 1) one-on-one meetings to self-reflect on previous design work, 2) selection and revision of artifacts, 3) peer-review and critiques of revised portfolio artifacts, and 4) development of a final ePortfolio to showcase a unified design identity. It was evident that recording students' initial self-reflection in the form of a metacognitive oral report encouraged and motivated identity development in their portfolio. Further, students expressed their satisfaction in the ability to participate in the selection process of artifacts by self-reflecting about what they wanted to highlight about themselves and why. Overall, student outcomes from this strategy exceeded expectations and the portfolios developed were successful in creating a cohesive design identity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2009

By the rural area health care special law in 1980, Primary health care posts were established in rural areas as fundamental elements of the national health system. Nurses have been deployed to the posts after taking an education course mandated by the special law. However, health care posts have confronted environmental changes over the past 30 years such as an aging and decreasing rural population and advanced traffic systems, which make it necessary to reshape their form and role. Therefore, some guidelines are suggested for future role enlargement of health care posts by analyzing their current management and duties. The guidelines are as follows: 1) enlarging the portion of prevention and management of chronic degenerative diseases, 2) development and practice of diverse health promotion programs, 3) extension of primary health care for the increasing older population, 4) development of health programs for married immigrants, 5) practice of timely maternal child health programs, 6) development of adequate health care posts for low-income people in rapidly urbanizing rural areas and in poor areas in big cities, and 7) revision of laws and institutional arrangements for the role enlargement of health care posts to match social changes and customer needs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.5
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• pp.125-151
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• 1978

It can be expected for a public library to increase the service efficiency only when librarians can be satisfied with their job. Job satisfaction is the feeling a librarian has about his salary, his work, his promotion opportunities, his co- workers, his supervisors, etc. and affects directly librarians' morale. This paper is a study on these factors that affect the professional librarians' morale in national and public libraries in Korea. The methods employed to achieve the purpose of this study are (1) to establish some tentative factors affecting librarians' morale (2) to gather and analyze the answers against them from the professional librarians working in national and public libraries in Seoul, Korea. (3) to find out the factors abstructing the librarias' morale (4) to propose the improvement plans for them. The conclusions made are as follows: (1) Delegation of rights and responsibilities. (2) Adoption of the democratic leadership. (3) The harmonious communications between managers and librarians. (4) The level of wages and allowance. (5) Revision of the librarians' promotion regulation. (6) Necessity of continuing education of librarians. (7) Satisfaction of welfare facilities. (8) Improvement of social acknowledgement for the librarians' professionalism according to the advancement the level of educational course.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.403-416
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper was to analyze multicultural elements and propose measures to strengthen them in the 2009and the 2015 school curriculum. Based on Kim Cheong-ha (2015), the multi-cultural guidance elements and Bennett (2003:32-35) the target system and Choi Moo-sung and Kim Soon-ja (2009) were reconstructed and analyzed. Multicultural elements shown in the 2015 revised curriculum were analyzed for cultural diversity, recognition and tolerance, community awareness, and self-identity. The analysis targets analyzed multicultural elements of 'seeking human beings', 'core competences' and 'school organization and operation' during the elementary education curriculum in 2009. As a result of analyzing the multicultural elements of the former primary education process, 'cultural diversity' is 1,Recognition and tolerance'0, community spirit'3, and 'self-reliant'2 total6. In the new elementary school curriculum, 18 were analyzed as 'cultural diversity'1, 'Recognition and tolerance'1, 'community spirit'8, and 'self-identity'8. The first analysis of multi-cultural factors appearing in the new elementary school curriculum should include the addition of multicultural elements 'cultural diversity' and 'cultural diversity area' and 'education and tolerance' to the following: Second, to grow into a balanced multicultural society member, it proposes an enhanced multicultural curriculum in four areas: cultural diversity, recognition and tolerance, ccommunity spirit, and self-identity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.sup2
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• pp.309-315
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• 2001

The term slit ventricle syndrome(SVS) refers to an episodic occurrence of headache, vomiting, and possibly some degree of impaired consciousness in shunted hydrocephalic children in whom slit-like ventricles are seen on CT scan or MRI. Authors present 6 cases with SVS who were treated at our institute for last 10 years. From 1986 to 1996, 821 patients underwent shunt surgery for hydrocephalus. The etiology of hydrocephalus included brain tumor(140 patients), post-hemorrhagic(62 patients), idiopathic normotensive hydrocephalus(64 patients), post-meningitic( 58 patients), post-traumatic(54 patients), congenital(48 patients), neurocysticercosis(31 patients), and unknown etiology(364 patients). During the mean follow-up duration of 68 months, 232 shunt revisions were performed by a revision rate of 1.28 per patient. The incidence of SVS was 0.7%(6 patients). Most of them have been operated on in infancy. Time interval from the first operation to the development of slit-ventricle syndrome ranged from 4 to 8 years, the mean was 6 years. Shuntogram showed patent shunt in all patients. Two patients with less severe clinical symptoms improved with conservative treatment. These patients were not measured ICP because of good hospital course. One patient showed high ICP and needed only revision with same pressure valve as previous shunt. Low ICP was noted in 3 patients. Pressure augmentation using an anti-siphon device(ASD) or upgrading valve system were necessary in these patients. The authors stress that determining type of SVS is the first step in treatment planning and that the best treatment is a strategy aimed at resolving the specific type of SVS responsible for the symptoms.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.161-183
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a concept map in a visual instructional strategy so that meaningful learning can be done by structuring knowledge in the section of eco-friendly clothing life and reform clothes. For this purpose, ten textbooks for the 2009 revised were analyzed, and 10 sub-area were selected to develop the concept map. The development was done by using Cmap Tools V6.02 and the study process has progressed content analysis, concept extraction, and concept map development. The analysis process and results of this study are as follows. First, in the course of setting standards, the analytical standards were set for the 2007 revision and 2009 revision curriculum achievement standards. Second, in the process of content analysis and concept extracting, through the analysis of textbooks, 'clothing selection and purchase', 'clothing care and management' and 'clothing reuse and eco-friendly'. The concept was extracted by subdividing on the basis of general and comprehensive core concepts. Third, the development process of concept map was developed and revised based on the extracted concepts, and the concept map developed was the 'clothing purchase plan', 'points to consider when buying clothing' 'quality', 'handle with care', 'classify laundry', 'remove stain', 'water washing', 'repair clothing', 'reform clothing', 'eco-friendly clothing life'.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2010

In the recommendation system that recommends services to a specific user by using the estimation value of other users for users' recommendation service, collaborative filtering methods are widely used. But such recommendation systems have problems that exact classification is not possible because a specific user is classified to already classified group in the course of clustering and inexact result can be recommended in case of big errors in users' estimation values. In this paper, in order to increase estimation accuracy, the researchers suggest a recommendation system that applies collaborative filtering after reclassifying on the basis of a specific user's classification items and then finding and correcting the estimation values of the users beyond the critical value of time. This system uses a method where a specific user is not classified to already classified group in the course of clustering but a group is reorganized on the basis of the specific user. In addition, the researchers correct estimation information by cutting off the subordinate 10% from the trimmed mean of samples and then applies weight over time to the remaining data. As the result of an experiment, the suggested method demonstrated about 14.9%'s more accurate estimation result in case of using MAE than general collaborative filtering method.