• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2011

To investigate the effects of pipe materials on biofilm accumulation and water quality, an annular reactor with the sample coupons of four pipe materials (steel, copper, stainless steel, and polyvinyl chloride) was operated under hydraulic conditions similar to a real plumbing system for 15 months. The bacterial concentrations were substantially increased in the steel and copper reactors with progression of corrosion, whereas those in stainless steel (STS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) reactors were affected mainly by water temperature. The heterotrophic plate count (HPC) of biofilms was about 100 times higher on steel pipe than other pipes throughout the experiment, with the STS pipe showing the lowest bacterial number at the end of the operation. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of 176 cultivated isolates revealed that 66.5% was Proteobacteria and the others included unclassified bacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacilli. Regardless of the pipe materials, Sphingomonas was the predominant species in all biofilms. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that steel pipe exhibited the highest bacterial diversity among the metallic pipes, and the DGGE profile of biofilm on PVC showed three additional bands not detected from the profiles of the metallic materials. Environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that corrosion level and biofilm accumulation were the least in the STS coupon. These results suggest that the STS pipe is the best material for plumbing systems in terms of the microbiological aspects of water quality.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.333-352
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• 1999

This study investigates the impact of International Monetary Fund(IMF) Age on the household behavior of food consumption and analysis the related factors(demographic variables, family life style) to find out the reasonable consumer's consciousness and food market conditions. The results are as follows. 1. General life style and food life style, considered as family life style, were classified into 7 types and 9 types respectively as family life style by factor analysis. 2. The rationality of using and disposing stage on food life has increased, the rationality of the planning stage on food life has decreased since the IMF age began. But the rationality of overall food consumption has hardly changed. 3. The amount of purchasing was decreased, discount store was favorite place to buy food, and safety and freshness were major determinants in purchasing for most of food items. But this was different with food items. The various information sources were used impartially to buy food, cash was used mainly, and the degree of using the discount ticket/coupon was a little low. 4. Income level is an influential factor on the rationality of the planning and purchasing stage on food life, while environment-oriented food life style has influenced on the rationality of using and disposing stage. The purchasing amount of grain products, meats, milk products, bread and snacks, drinks, alcoholic drinks, water and convenience goods has influenced by demographic variables, eating out had been influenced by general life styles, and fruits, healthy foods, processed foodstuffs, favorite foods, vegetables seaweeds, import foods and seafood had been mainly influenced by food life style since IMF age began.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2009

Consumers earn a number of points for every purchase and then they can exchange a specified number of points for a desired reward in a typical loyalty program. The immediate payoff of their effort given as points is not the real reward they actually care about. It is merely an instrument (or medium) which has no value in itself. In a real world, consumers frequently choose the option with a bigger medium even though the economic value of the option is not changed by the medium. We call it 'medium effect.' In this study we explored if the size of medium affects consumers' preferences. For this we controlled the reward options with three types of medium (small, medium, big) and measured the magnitude of preference difference among the three types of reward options. In addition, we manipulated comparability of reward options with wine and gas discount coupon. We confirmed that choosing one of two wines was easier than that of the two gas coupons. 123 respondents were allocated into three experimental groups. In three experimental grounds, the ratios of the focused reward option's medium to the compared reward option's medium were different. For example, the focused reward option has 10 million points whereas the compared reward option has 10 million points for 1 million won purchase amount in the first group. Then each respondent was asked to choose one of two loyalty programs (focused program vs. compared program) in two different conditions (comparability between reward options. easiness vs. difficulty). To compare the medium effects among the experiment conditions we used chi-squares tests. The empirical results show consumer preference increases and then decreases as reward mile-ages/points given according to purchase amount increase. Additionally, they let us know that comparability of alter natives affects change of consumer preference by reward mileages/points.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.179-190
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• 2008

Consumers earn a number of points for every purchase and then they can exchange a specified number of points for a desired reward in a typical loyalty program. The immediate payoff of their effort given as points is not the real reward they actually care about. It is merely an instrument (or medium) which has no value in itself. In a real world, consumers frequently choose the option with a bigger medium even though the economic value of the option is not changed by the medium. We call it 'medium effect'. In this study we explored if the size of medium affects on consumers' preferences. For this we controlled the reward options with three types of medium (small, medium, big) and measured the magnitude of preference difference among the three types of reward options. In addition, we manipulated comparability of reward options with wine and gas discount coupon. We confirmed that choosing one of two wines was easier than that of the two gas coupons. 164 respondents were allocated into three experimental groups and one control group. In three experimental groups, the ratios of the focused reward option's medium to the compared reward option's medium were different. For example, the focused reward option has 10 million points whereas the compared reward option has 10 million points for 1 million won purchase amount in the first group. Then each respondent was asked to choose one of two loyalty programs (focused program vs. compared program) in two different conditions (comparability between reward options: easiness vs. difficulty). To compare the medium effects among the experiment conditions we used chi-squares tests. The empirical results show the medium effect increases and then decreases as the ratio of reward mileages/points to purchase amount increases. Additionally, they let us know that comparability of alternatives affects on the medium effects depending on the ratio of reward mileages/points to purchase amount.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권11호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2009

본 연구는 외식산업에 있어서 인터넷마케팅에 대한 체계적인 연구가 필요하다는 인식하에 대전사랑 맛집 회원을 대상으로 실태를 파악하고 외식업체들의 체계적인 인터넷 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 있어 기초적 자료로 활용하는데 목적을 두었다. 분석결과 대전사랑 맛집을 찾는 유입검색은 대전, 대전맛집, 맛집 등 3가지의 고정식 키워드가 가장 높았으며, 방문지역으로서는 대전 47.9%, 재방문경과는 12시간이내 재방문 31.9%. 맛집 쿠폰 다운로드에서는 친친만년점 레스토랑 1,837건 남녀의 회원접속 통계에서 여성보다는 남자가 통계적으로 높았으며 기혼보다는 미혼에 대한 접속이 높았다. 이러한 연구결과는 외식산업 인터넷마케팅 시장세분화에 유용한 기초자료가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.255-260
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• 1993

Enterobacter cloacae 를 이용하여 슬라이드 (slide glass) 와 아연도강관조각 (galvanized-iron coupon) 상에 생물막을 형성시킨 후 부착생장세균의 염소에 대한 내성을 측정한 결과 부유생장세균에 비해 각각 14배와 380배의 내성증가를 나타내었다. 또한 입자에 부착된 세균군집의 경우 부유세균군집에 비해 48배로 내성이 증가되었다. 슬라이드와 아연도강관조각을 수돗물에 75일간 접촉하였을때 각각 $4.75 {\times} 10^{4}$ cfu/$cm^{2}$, $1.12 {\times} 10^5 cfu/cm^{2}$의 생물막이 형성되는 것을 관찰하였다. 따라서 수돗물에서의 장내세균과 종속영양세균 입자에 부착 혹은 흡착되거나 응집된 상태로 존재함으로써 잔류염소에 대한 내성을 가지게 되며, 또한 정수과정에서 염소살균을 피하여 비급수계통으로 유입되면 배급수관 내벽에 생물막을 형성하여 잔류업소에 대한 내성을 가지게 됨으로써 배급수계통에서 생장하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.427-436
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• 2018

본 연구는 뷰티 소셜커머스 이용자 530명 중 미용성형시술 쿠폰 구매 경험이 있는 244명을 대상으로 설문조사를 하여 미용성형시술 인식이 만족도 및 재구매에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 미용성형 시술 쿠폰 구매 경험은 46.0%로 낮았고 구매하지 않는 이유는 정보부족, 업체에 대한 불신이었고 이용 고객의 불만족 이유는 기대효과이었으며 20대가 정보성에 낮은 만족도를 나타냈다. 미용성형시술 이용 요인 중 편리성, 정보성이 만족도, 재구매에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.001) 편리성을 중요한 요인으로 인식하였다. 따라서 소셜커머스 업체 및 미용 의료기관의 고객 응대 서비스 및 사이트 이용 방법, 객관적인 정보 제공 등 방면의 개선이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국실천공학교육학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2013

PC의 빠른 보급으로 많은 사용자가 PC로 다양한 콘텐츠를 즐기고 있다. 특히 최근 들어 청소년들의 PC이용률이 급격히 증가했다. 청소년들은 이러한 PC를 이용하여 보다 쉽게 정보를 얻을 수 있고, 특히 온라인 게임을 통하여 스트레스를 해소하고, 가상현실에서의 또 다른 재미를 느낄 수 있다. 이렇게 일찍부터 빠르게 발전하고 있는 IT문화를 접하는 것은 좋은 일인 것은 분명하다. 하지만 그로 인해 청소년들은 자연스럽게 실내 활동이 많아지게 되면서 야외활동이 줄어들게 됨에 따라 세상을 보는 시야 또한 많이 좁아지게 되었다. 따라서 청소년들의 야외활동을 유도하기 위해 최근 많이 사용하는 스마트 폰 어플리케이션을 이용하여 현장체험 쿠폰 시스템을 구축하게 되었다. 그리고 HTML5를 기반으로 하는 하이브리드 앱을 개발함으로써 디바이스의 구분없이 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 따라서 이 어플리케이션을 통해서 청소년들의 현장체험에 대한 관심과 동기를 유발시킴으로써 많은 볼거리를 체험하고, 다양한 시각에서 세상을 바라볼 수 있다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.59-87
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• 1996

This study has been done by giving the guide when development of menu or doing marketing strategy in Hotel Restaurant. All products and service has a regular course from induction in market to disappear, so it shall be come out Products Life Cycle theory. In eating business, under the tendency and existing cycle to change menu by taste of customers, liking variation, change of periodic status (environment), MLC(Menu Life Cycle) shall be advised by application PLC(Products Life Cycle) in the process of induction of some menu first and spreading the same business field and then deletion (disappearance) from menu because of no popular. In Emergence Stage, it shall be tried to inform new menu through Cooking Contest, presentation of new menu, free sampling party and others. In Growth Stage, it shall be changed package menu or set menu. In Maturity Stage, it shall be provided complimentary ticket, gift coupon or discount for the customers with some degree of selling record in order to increase using frequency and selling amount after insure new customers. In Decline Stage, it shall be groped for entry underdeveloped country or less advance nation, but there is no possibility to devote in enterprise, it shall be planned substitute menu development in order to withdraw. By inducting MLC concept, it shall be provided the available informations such as“how could some menu be circulate in some restaurant”“Accordingly do strengthen promotion activities or go to low developed area or overseas, or delete it from menuitems and so on”. In the time of decline some menu, it is judged to the time of plan(preparation) of new menu development. In the broad view, when consideration of the concept of menu life cycle, it shall be possible to know which menu is decayed and which menu is developed newly or grown-up, so it shall be provided the important information to estimate the tendency of changing menu and set-up a menu development plan.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 일체형 복합재 날개 제작에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 날개는 피벗구조 형태 및 양항비가 큰 고 세장비 구조를 가지고 있다. 날개는 가벼워야할 뿐만 아니라 구조성능 요구조건을 만족하는 충분한 강도 및 강성이 요구되므로 탄소섬유 복합재를 적용하여 설계하였다. 제작비용을 줄이기 위해 구성 부품을 일체형으로 설계하여 구조 부품수를 감소시키고, 오토클레이브를 사용하여 날개를 일체성형으로 제작하였다. 제작공정별 시편시험을 수행하여 재료물성을 확인하였으며, 부분품시험을 통하여 일체성형에 따른 구조성능을 검증하였다.