• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.785-791
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• 2008

Ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS integration has been reported to show better navigation performance than that of other integration methods such as loosely coupled and tightly coupled integration. This paper uses the particle filter for ultra-tightly coupled GPS/INS integration and analyzes the navigation performance according to vehicle trajectory and the number of particles. The navigation performance of particle filter is compared with those of EKF and UKF.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.267-275
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• 2013

EKF has been widely used for GPS/INS integration as standard method but EKF has one well-known drawback. if the errors are not within the bounded region, the filter may be divergent. The particle filter has the advantage of the nonlinear and non-gaussian system. This paper proposes a method for compensating the GPS position errors based on the particle filter and presents loosely-coupled GPS/INS integration using proposed algorithm. We used GPS position pattern with particle filter and added attitude kalman filter for improving attitude accuracy. To verify the performance, the proposed method is compared with high cost GPS as reference. In the experimental result, we verified that the accuracy and robust were well improved by the proposed method filter effectively and robustness than by original loosely-coupled integration when vehicle turns at corner.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2010

Tracking hands is an essential technique for hand gesture recognition which is an efficient way in Human Computer Interaction (HCI). Recently, many researchers have focused on hands tracking using a 3D hand model and showed robust tracking results compared to using 2D hand models. In this paper, we propose a novel 3D hand tracking method based on a coupled particle filter. This provides robust and fast tracking results by estimating each part of global hand poses and local finger motions separately and then utilizing the estimated results as a prior for each other. Furthermore, in order to improve the robustness, we apply a multi-cue based method by integrating a color-based area matching method and an edge-based distance matching method. In our experiments, the proposed method showed robust tracking results for complex hand motions in a cluttered background.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.954-963
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• 1996

Particle displacement distributions of the fundamental thickness shear vibration mode and overtone modes in an energy-trapped single resonator and an energy-trapped double acoustically coupled filter were calculated. The effects of the width of a pair of partial eletrodes and the magnitude of the plate back of the resonator on the particle displacement distributions of its symmetric vibration mode and anti-symmetric vibration mode were investigated. And the effects of the width of a pair of partial eletrodes, the width of the gap between two pairs of partial electrodes and the magnitude of the plate back of the filter on the particle displacement distributions of its symmetric vibration mode and anti-symmetric vibration mode were investigated.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2008

In this study, we devoted to kinetic measurement of the catalytic oxidation of iron-containing flame soot particles and better understanding the role of catalytic particles on carbon oxidation in particular at low temperature, targeting on autothermal regeneration of diesel particulate filter by diesel exhaust gas. Carbon-based Fe-containing particles generated by spraying ferrocene-doped diesel fuel in an oxy-hydrogen flame are tested and compared with a commercial carbon black powder for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Induced coupled plasma-Atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). As a result, we found that a small amount of the ferrocene addition led to significant reductions in a on-set temperature and an activation energy of the carbon oxidation as well. An oxygenated surface complex forming at the particle surface could be thought as active species that would be readily consumed in particular at low temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.954-962
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• 1998

Energy-trapped thickness vibrations of piezoelectric substrates are utilized in fabricating resonators and filters which have their operating frequencies in HF band. Normalized particle displacement distributions of the fundamental thickness shear vibration mode and overtone modes into the thickness direction in energy-trapped resonators and double-coupled filters were obtained by solving the wave equation and calculating the solved equations. These results show that as the number order of the harmonic mode in a energy-trapped resonator becomes larger, the degree of energy-trapping in the resonator increase, and if the conditions for energy-trapping become sufficiently weak, the energy-trapping effect of the harmonic mode which has the lower order disappears the earlier. Above simulation results were proved by the experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.34-39
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• 1995

Particle displacement distributions of the fundamental mode and overtone modes in an energy-frapped single resonator and an energy-trapped double acoustically coupled filter using the thickness shear vibration were calculated. And the effects of the width of a pair of partial electrodes, the width of the gap between two pairs of partial electrodes and the magnitude of the plate back on the displacement distributions of the symmetric vibration mode and anti-symmetric vibration mode of the resonators and the filters were investigated.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 1988

A simple two stage aerosol filter sampler which allows simultaneous and fractional collection of two different-size particles, coarse and fine, was constructed and applied to the collection of Seoul atmospheric particulate for inorganic analysis. The sampler consist of two 47-mm diameter filter holder, a pneumatic pump, and a flowmeter. Filtering rate normally runs around 20$\ell$/min for 8 hrs. Using the sampler, a series of seasonal aerosol samples were collected from June 1986 to March 1988 at Yonsei University campus, Seoul and subsequently analysed for ten environmentally important metals using an atomic absorption spectrometer and an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The analysed metals are Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn. The analytical results showed the following order of metal abundance; Al > Fe > Zn > Pb > Mn > Cu > V > Ni > Cr > Cd. Based upon their size distribution pattern, the analyzed matals could be clasified into two groups, those present primarily in coarse particle and those in fine particle. Fe, Al, Mn, V, and Cr belong to the former group while the rest to the latter. Most metal concentration were highest in spring or winter, and lowest in autumn. Statistical analysis showed strong correlations between Al and Fe, Pb and Zn, and Cu and Mn.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.433-438
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• 2002

Trace elements in two air filters (V-50, P-50) artificially loaded with urban dust provided from IAEA were determined non-destructively using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Standard reference material (Urban Particulate Matter, SRM 1648) of National Institute of Standard and Technology was used for analytical quality control. About 20 elements in both of loaded filter samples were determined. To evaluate inter-laboratory comparison and proficiency test, analytical data were statistically treated with the results which collected from 49 laboratories, 40 countries participated in this study using neutron activation analysis, particle induced X-ray emission, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, etc,. From the results of statistical treatment, Z-scores are within ${\pm}2$. Furthermore, accuracy and precision of obtained analytical values are passed according to the criteria of the proficiency test. Consequently, it was proved that analytical quality for air dust samples being performed has been controlled properly.