• 복식
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.41-57
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• 2009

Evaluations of fashion products are often influenced by consumers' knowledge of the country where the products were made in. As globalization progresses, country-of-origin information is widely regarded as a powerful cue on consumers' shopping behavior. The purpose of study was to examine the consumer evaluation of apparel products with uni-national or bi-national country of origin. The effect of price level and gender were also investigated. The empirical research design took 2${\times}$2 factorial design with the country-of-origin coincidence (uni-national vs. bi-national) and price (high vs. low) of gender (male vs. female). Consumers' ethnocentrism and country-of-origin interest were taken into account as covariates in the factorial design. The consumers' evaluation of fashion products was measured in terms of brand attitudes and product attitudes. Data from 514 respondents were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Results of this study affirmed the importance of price information rather than country-of-origin coincidence in brand attitudes and product attitudes. Only for male consumers, interaction effects of price and country-of-origin coincidence had significant eflects on utilitarian attitude. Effects of two covariate variables included in the study were significant for female respondents but not for male respondents.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2013

Purpose - In the academic literature, the researches on a comparative study on purchase behaviors of the consumers from emerging and mature markets remain limited. Therefore, this empirical study is attempted to examine the effects of country of origin (COO), brand image and corporate image on the purchase behavior of Chinese consumers (as from emerging market) and Korean consumers (as from mature market). Research Design, data, methodology - In total, 615 valid questionnaires were collected from the main cities of China and Korea respectively, and a multiple group analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses with SPSS 16.0 and AMOS18.0. Results - Chinese consumers are not influenced by country-of-origin effect, whereas Korean consumers are sensitive to it. Both Chinese and Korean consumers are sensitive to brand image, whereas corporate image does appear to influence Chinese consumers but not Korean consumers. The effects of country-of-origin are not more influential in less developed market (China) than more developed market (Korea). Conclusions - According to the results of this empirical study, the country-of-origin effect does impact Korean consumers but not Chinese consumers' purchase behavior. Therefore, multinational companies are relatively free to make the decision, if Chinese consumers are the marketing targets, when choosing manufacturing sites.

• 서비스연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 2018

대부분의 제품은 다양한 국가 구성 요소로 구성되어 있으며 국가 이미지를 사용하는 브랜드 전략이 마케팅 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 소비자에게 제품의 원산지는 의사 결정에 의미 있는 고려사항이다. 이에 본 연구는 소비자가 원산지 효과의 양면차원에 따라 글로벌 브랜드를 어떻게 평가하는지에 대해 살펴보고자 함이다. 본 연구는 원산지 효과의 양면차원인 생산지 원산지와 브랜드 원산지의 상호작용과 글로벌 아이덴티티의 조절 효과를 살펴보는 것을 목표로 한다. 연구 1에서는 브랜드의 원산지와 생산지 원산지의 상호 작용 효과가 사회적 명성 차원에서 유의미하게 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 분산분석에서 브랜드 원산지와 글로벌 아이덴티티가 유의미한 주효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 브랜드 원산지와 생산지 원산지의 상호작용이 사회적 명성 차원에서 유의미한 효과를 나타났고, 브랜드 원산지와 글로벌 아이덴티티의 상호작용은 혁신성과 사회적 책임에 유의미하게 영향을 미쳤다. 브랜드 원산지와, 생산지 원산지, 글로벌 아이덴티티의 삼원상호작용은 사회적 책임부분에서 유의미하게 나타나, 글로벌 아이덴티티의 조절효과가가 검증되었다. 본 연구결과는 원산지 효과를 이용하는 글로벌 브랜드 전략을 이해하고 원산지 효과 관련 문헌에 새로운 지식을 추가하는 데 기여할 수 있다. 본 연구의 학문적 실무적 시사점, 제한점 및 향후 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2013

Purpose - Numerous studies have tried to assess the role of a warranty as an explanatory instrument for product quality. While one study argued that manufacturers signal their superior quality to consumers by extending the duration of a warranty, quality is not necessarily related to warranty and a warranty for a short duration is a sign of high product quality. However, there are limitations to measuring product quality in terms of a single variable such as a warranty. Some other studies have evaluated the influence of brand power or value and price on the supposed quality of a product while the influence of warranty was found to be insignificant. Research design, data, methodology - The study analyzes the influence of brand power and the country of origin effect on consumers' perception of product quality in line with warranty and establishes a priority strategy. Especially, consumer experience has a significant influence on state of the art technology products like applied home electronics as these goods are generally quite expensive and consumers expend significant energy in purchasing them, so the associated warranty and brand can have a critical role in the decision making process. The price of the product was excluded in this discussion as it continually varies with the market share of the product. Results - The results of the analysis are as follows: First, each of the factors such as the standard of the warranty, brand power, and country of origin effect influences the degree of satisfaction of an individual. Second, the factors brand power and quality of the warranty interact both complementarily and synergistically at a time, depending on the brand power. As brand power is more significant, the degree of satisfaction is greater in case of products with low quality warranty compared to those with high quality warranty. Third, the brand power and country of origin effect present a complementary interaction. Fourth, the country of origin effect and quality of a warranty interact synergistically. Conclusions - Thus, the higher the quality of warranty, greater is the increment in the degree of satisfaction. The comprehensive study on the effect of the country of origin on the purchase decision process and the degree of satisfaction compared to the other elements shows that in case of Japanese and Korean markets the brand power of a company is desirable in sustaining the quality of warranty to the industrial average. Also, there is no significant improvement in the perceived quality of the product when the quality of the warranty is lowered. Therefore, the warranty effect diminishes when the value of the brand is known, while it perishes when both the brand power and the country of origin effect are strong enough.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.192-201
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• 2020

This study examined the relationship between Korean male consumers' perceptions of marketing promotion investment such as advertising expenditure and celebrity endorsement are the brand equity elements. It also compared if there were differences on this research model and two groups that selected Korean or foreign country-of-brand-origin in fashion product purchasing. Online survey responses from 414 Korean men in their 20s-30s were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling analysis (SEM). Perceptions of advertising expenditures were found to be positively related to brand association in only the group that selected Korean country-of-brand-origin. The results showed a non-significant effect of perceptions for advertising expenditures on perceived product quality in both groups that selected Korean or foreign country-of-brand-origin. The results indicated that celebrity endorsement had a significant effect on brand association for the two male consumer groups. The results also demonstrated that the relationship of celebrity endorsement and perceived quality was significant in only a group that selected Korean country-of-brand-origin. The results also revealed that the effect of brand association and perceived product quality on brand preference was significant in both male consumer groups. This study has useful managerial implications for enhancing the effectiveness of investment in advertising activities.

• 산학경영연구
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• 제15권
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• pp.133-152
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 원산지가 소비자의 제품 선호도에 미치는 영향을 규명하고 이를 소비자의 정보처리 관점에서 상표원산지와 생산원산지 정보의 일치성(congruity)으로 설명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 상표는 같지만 국가를 달리한 제품을 사진으로 나타낸 실험자극을 개발하여 응답자에게 제시하고 제품의 선호도를 측정하였다. 제품은 관여도, 이성-감성, 사적-공적 개념 특성을 반영하여 녹음기, 스포츠화, 화장품, 휴지를 선정하였으며, 원산지로는 선진국(미국, 일본, 프랑스), 한국, 후진국(말레이시아)를 선정하였다. 원산지간 선호도 차이를 분석하기 위하여 다변량 반복측정방법을 선택하였으며, 두 제품간의 선호도 차이를 위하여 paired-t 검증이 사용되었다. 실증분석 결과 저관여이면서 사적 제품으로 판단되는 휴지를 제외하고 모든 제품에서 선진국 상표와 제품이 선호되었다. 즉, 다양한 제품특성을 반영한 제품군에서 원산지 효과가 있음을 보여 주었다. 그리고 제품선호도에서 상표원산지와 생산원산지 간에 정보 일치성(congruity)에 차이가 있는 지를 규명하였는데 상표원산지와 생산원산지간에 정보일치성이 있는 경우가 그렇지 않은 경우에 비하여 보다 선호성이 높은 것으로 나타나 원산지의 정보 일치성이 제품선호도에 있어 중요한 영향요인임을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 다양한 제품특성의 반영과 정보 일치성으로 원산지효과를 이해하게 하는 데 기여하여 원산지효과의 일반화 가능성을 높여 줄 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.208-221
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of sportswear brands' country-of-origin on purchase intention (PI) in terms of brand personality as perceived by Chinese university students. Chinese students preferred to shop for sportswear at specialty stores, liked Nike and Adidas most, design was the most important factor when selecting, selected their sportswear themselves, and gathered information from TV ads. With regard to perceptions of brands country-of-origin, America was perceived as a developed country, influential to the world, but as having a bad relationship with China. Germany was perceived as a developed country and as having a well-developed civic culture, good people image, high technology, high influence on the world, and a good relationship with China. Italy was perceived as a developed country with the highest civic culture. China was perceived as a developing country, as having a good people image, and low technology and low influence on the world. Japan was perceived as a developed country with high technology. Factors of brand personality were sincerity, competence & sophistication, and excitement. Nike was perceived as having high competence & sophistication and excitement, Adidas as having high competence & sophistication and excitement, Lining as having high sincerity, and Mizuno's brand personality was very low. People image, competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Adidas increased. If people image, competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Kappa increased. If a country was developed and competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Lining increased. If civic culture, people image, technology, competence & sophistication and excitement became higher, PI of Mizuno increased.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.507-526
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• 2017

To infer the true state of a regional product's attributes, consumers use the image they have of the product's region of origin; however, products may have multiple countries of origin in their design, branding, sourcing and manufacturing becuase more products are increasingly a result of multi-firm and multi-country efforts. We examined how the country-of-origin image (country image and product image) affect international consumers' perceived value (function value and symbolic value) and purchase intentions of made-in China goods by extending and deepening the flexible model. Second, to investigate the differences of COO effects according to different types of country-of-origin we divided the traditional country-of-origin into two components: country-of-manufacture (COM) and country-of-brand (COB). We then explore how the impact of China's country image on consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions varies when China is the COM or COB of the same product. Six hypotheses were proposed to test our anticipations. We recruited 800 Korean adult consumers who previously purchased made-in China products to participate in the online investigation. Data analyses were conducted with confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS. The main results are discussed as follows. First, the effects of China's COO image on Korean consumers' perceived value and purchase intentions vary when China is the COM or COB of a product. Second, a positive effect of the function value and symbolic value on the purchase intentions was found. Literature and practical implications of findings are discussed and suggested in the conclusion.

• CRM연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2010

본 연구는 스폰서쉽을 통한 광고 집행시 고려해야 할 브랜드 자산의 요소들을 살펴보고, 이를 통한 광고효과 증대방안을 찾고자 시작하게 되었다. 먼저 스폰서쉽에 대해 살펴보았고, 브랜드 원산지와, 브랜드 친숙성, 소비자 자민족 중심주의를 중심으로 효과적인 스폰서쉽을 위한 방법을 찾고자 하였다. 연구의 결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 소비자들은 스폰서쉽을 제공하는 브랜드의 원산지에 대한 태도가 우호적일 수록, 그 브랜드의 스폰서쉽 광고에 대한 태도도 우호적인 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 브랜드 원산지에 대한 태도에 따라서 스폰서쉽에 대해 우호적인 태도를 보일 수도 있고 부정적인 태도를 보일 수도 있는 것이다. 하지만, 국내 스포츠에 외국 브랜드가 스폰서쉽을 제공하는 것 그 자체에 대해서는 우리에게 이득이 된다고 판단하여 대체로 긍정적인 반응을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소비자의 브랜드 원산지에 대한 친숙도가 높을수록 소비자의 스폰서쉽 광고태도는 우호적으로 나타났다. 즉, 소비자에게 별로 친숙하지 않은 국가의 브랜드가 스폰서쉽을 제공하는 것 보다는 브랜드 원산지에 대해 친숙성이 확보된 후에 스폰서쉽을 제공해야 더욱 효과를 볼 수 있다는 것이다. 셋째, 소비자 자민족 중심주의 연구는 효과가 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자민족 중심주의가 높은 사람이나 낮은 사람간의 스폰서쉽 광고에 대한 태도에는 거의 차이가 없다는 것이다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1396-1405
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• 1997

This study investigated country-of-origin effects by comparatively analyzing consumer attitude toward country-of-origin of imported apparel according to apparel product attributes. Fishbein attitude model was used. The effects of consumer characteristics such as attitude of consumers toward general imported apparel and demorgraphic variables on consumer attitude toward country-of-origin were also identified. Italy, U.S.A, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea were used as country of origin. Data were obtained from male and female subjects(total 570) aged mostly 20's. Statistical analysis showed: 1) Apparel product attributes were classified into 3 factors, expressive, instrumental and brand, which are the order of importance for purchasing. 2) Consumer indicated more favorable attitude toward 'made in 'Italy' nd made in 'Korea' in each attribute factor. 'Made in Korea' roducts were evaluated highest in expressive attribute factor but less favored than 'made in Italy' n brand attribute factor. 'Made in U.S.A and made in Japan' were evaluated favorable in instrumental factor, whereas 'made in Hong Kong' had the least favorable attitude in every attribute factor. 3) The uniqueness and good quality of imported apparel appeared to be the most strong variable in predicting consumer attitude toward each country-of-origin. 4) The attitude toward country of origin was different according to sex and age.