• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1396-1405
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• 1997

This study investigated country-of-origin effects by comparatively analyzing consumer attitude toward country-of-origin of imported apparel according to apparel product attributes. Fishbein attitude model was used. The effects of consumer characteristics such as attitude of consumers toward general imported apparel and demorgraphic variables on consumer attitude toward country-of-origin were also identified. Italy, U.S.A, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea were used as country of origin. Data were obtained from male and female subjects(total 570) aged mostly 20's. Statistical analysis showed: 1) Apparel product attributes were classified into 3 factors, expressive, instrumental and brand, which are the order of importance for purchasing. 2) Consumer indicated more favorable attitude toward 'made in 'Italy' nd made in 'Korea' in each attribute factor. 'Made in Korea' roducts were evaluated highest in expressive attribute factor but less favored than 'made in Italy' n brand attribute factor. 'Made in U.S.A and made in Japan' were evaluated favorable in instrumental factor, whereas 'made in Hong Kong' had the least favorable attitude in every attribute factor. 3) The uniqueness and good quality of imported apparel appeared to be the most strong variable in predicting consumer attitude toward each country-of-origin. 4) The attitude toward country of origin was different according to sex and age.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.18-21
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• 2006

Though there are several definitions for the Northeast Asia, in this paper Northeast Asia is defined as the geographical sphere including five countries. Those five countries are China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Japan, Mongolia and the Republic of Korea. For the announcement of regional preparatory process at the $4^{th}$ World Water Forum (4WWF), basic characteristics and main water-related issues were surveyed in the Northeast Asian countries. This paper is mainly composed of basic characteristics of each country, main water challenges, implemented strategies, successful experiences and local actions, etc. The five countries provided one's country report on the Government basis in 2004 to Korea Water Forum (KWF) as the coordinator of Northeast Asia for the 4WWF. KWF summarized the report of each country very briefly as follows.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.253-268
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• 2019

This paper analyses the characteristics of partner countries when multinational firms of Korea, China, and Japan make greenfield FDI in foreign countries. Particularly, this paper applies the gravity model for greenfield FDI flows for the period 2003-2017. This paper finds that multinational firms of Korea, as compared to those of China and Japan, are very significantly and negatively responsive to political risks of partner countries. In contrast, multinational firms of Korea as well as those of China and Japan tend to make greater amounts of greenfield FDI in financially high-risk countries. This result indicates that multinational firms from these three countries should take financial risks of partner countries into more serious consideration.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.271-287
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• 2019

This paper reviews and analyzes the ethical issues of multinational corporations (MNCs) in Africa. First, we find that the transparency and institutions of a host country have a negative relationship with the number of ethical violations of the MNCs. Second, this covers the effects of industry characteristics on each category of ethical issues such as the human rights and the environment. Based on the database of "Ethical Consumer", we show that the Auto, Chemical, Finance, and Telecommunication industries are more likely to violate human rights issues, and that Mining, Oil, Cosmetics, and Chemical industries are more likely to pollute the environments. Further, the country of origin does matter: the US and Asian companies are more likely to be involved with the business ethics violations than are their European counterparts.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2011

This study aimed to examine the kinematic characteristics of the national elite cross-country skiers' double poling technique and to provide the quantitative data for better performance. Four male elite cross-country roller skiers skied maximum velocity with Double Pole technique. The cycle characteristics with angles of elbow, hip, and knee joint were analyzed. The results showed that CM velocity of the body was increased with the third cycle, the cycle time and length were also increased. The poling time and recovery time rate showed with 32.79%, 67.44% respectively. The joint angles with elbow, hip and knee were $106^{\circ}$, $133.14^{\circ}$ $156.87^{\circ}$ at pole in event, $158.94^{\circ}$, $65.7^{\circ}$, $140.19^{\circ}$ at pole out event. Elite skiers should decrease double poling time rate and increase recovery time rate in order to improve the double poling performance. The cycle length and velocity of the double poling should be increased for the better performance. The elbow angle should be minimized at pole in event with maximum extension until pole out event. The hip and knee angles should be increased for the recovery phase.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 1995

To find out the difference of local characteristics, body and mental activity of Ramyon's habitual eater,THI guestion which is objects of students of high school in the city and country was carried. The results are as follows: 1.In comparison of eating and non-eating group of both male and female syudents, the mean value of eating group was high and showed the significance(P<0.001). 2. The eating group of city showed the higher mean value than country and it showed the significance(P<0.05). 3. In the eating group of city;the female had higher mean value than the male and showed no significance. In the eating group of city;the female had higher mean value than the male and showed significance(P<0.001). 4. In the eating group of male, the mean value of city was higher than country and showed significance(P<0.001). In the eating group of female, the mean value of city was igher than country, but showed no significance. As the results of the above,se know habitual eating of Ramyon give rise to spleen functional disouder and consepuently mental disorder resulting trom spirit-blood's original impediment and the variety of character, such varieties were different according to the characteristics of local and difference. Therefore, we'll study more detail aspents from now on.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.15
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• pp.133-152
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• 2002

The objective of this study examines that a country-of-origin and a congruity between country-of-origin of brand and country-of-origin of production effect on consumers' product preference respectively. To test this hypothesis, we used stimulus material including product photos with brand and its production description. Nation selected for study is defined as developed country, Korea, underdeveloped country, and tape record, sports shoes, and cosmetic, tissue is selected, they have characteristics with thinking vs feeling, level of involvement, private vs public. The result of analysis show that the effects of country-of-origin on product preference is different over country. The product of developed country is preferred by subjective, and following Korea, underdeveloped country. This result imply that country-of-origin effect on consumers' product preference and product evaluation positively. And we found that the degree of congruity between country-of-origin of brand and country-of-origin of production has very substantial impact on product quality judgement and product preference above and beyond brand and country-of-origin of production main effects. This study contributes to a understanding of effects of country-of-origin at the perspective of congruity, and extend level of generalization of country-of-origin effect by testing various product characteristic and congruity.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 2006

The intent of this study is to propose future planning guidelines and directions of the mixed-use buildings in the residential land development district in country-side cities, based on the concept that the neighborhood facilities are to be strategically laid out in a convenient location and planned in a proper manner for a healthy, safe, friendly and new neighborhood environment. For this purpose, seventeen mixed-use buildings which had been built in Shin-Eum housing development district in Gimcheon from 1995 until 2004 were chosen and investigated in terms of architectural characteristics in that process with surveying and analyzing those. The scope of investigation on case studies was that site size would be below 400 square meters, total area below 1500 square meters, and the number of stories below five stories high on the ground. Method of investigation on those was through field investigation, field photographs, recordings and drawings on those. Investigative contents have been divided and analyzed into the quantitative and qualitative factors in urban and architectural dimension. From results of quantitative investigations, five planning guidelines or directions could be obtained. From results of qualitative investigations, five planning guidelines or directions could be obtained. The criteria will be applied to new architectural developments of the neighborhood facilities linked with the small shops.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate methodological and theoretical problems in measuring the acquisition of national identity of in-country and over-seas Korean adolescents. The subjects consisted of 574 incountry and overseas (Chinese, Russia and Japan) Korean adolescents (total 509), 15 to 25 years of age. Data were collected with the use of a questionaire, the Scale of National Identity. The results were that (1) the concept of national identity was organized on two dimensions (cognitive vs. sociocultural). The former consisted of 6 cognitive characteristics (uniqueness, sameness, continuity, acceptability, respectability and royalty). The sociocultural dimension consisted of the cognition of 7 sociocultural characteristics (history, norm, fraternity, symbol, consanguinity, Korean language and nationality). Except for consanguinity, there was a close relationship within each and between the 6 cognitive characteristics. Also there was a close relationship within each and between the 7 sociocultural characteristics of national identity. (2) Some demographic variables, such as age of respondents, place of birth and level of understanding of Korean language contributed to acquisition of national identity. (3) Among several demographic variables, nationality was the most explainable.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2009

Cultural characteristics of a country can affect consumers' buying behaviors. So global companies should think about cultural characteristics of the country that they want do marketing activities. Especially it is very important in sports product marketing because it is closely related with cultural characteristics of the country. This study examines relations between cultural characteristics and advertising strategy for sports product among Korea, England and France. I used content analysis method for this study. I found that Korea and France have similar cultural characteristics and advertising strategy for sports product but England has different cultural characteristics and advertising strategy for sports product. sense of community effect to community identification and community loyalty. Satisfaction of need, Emotional advertising strategy is mostly used in Korea and France. But rational advertising strategy is mostly used in England.