• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.667-674
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• 2023

건물에서 재난이 발생할경우, 건물 내 인원을 신속히 구조하여 사상자를 최소화하는 것은 단연 최우선순위가 된다. 이러한 구조활동을 위해서는 건물내 어디에 몇 명이 있는지를 알아야 하는데, 실시간으로 알기가 어렵다보니 주로 건물주나 경비원 등 관계자의 진술이나 층별 면적, 수용 인원과 같은 기초자료에 의존하는 실정이다. 따라서 빠르고 정확하게 재실인원 정보를 파악하여 현장에 대한 불확실성을 낮추고 골든타임내 효율적인 구조활동을 지원하는 것이 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구는 컴퓨터 비전 알고리즘을 활용하여 이미 건물에 설치되어 있는 여러대의 CCTV 가 촬영한 이미지 로부터 건물 위치별 재실인원을 계수하는 방법론을 제시한다. 계수 방법론은 (1)카메라별 관심선(LOI) 설정을 통한 다중카메라 네트워크 환경구축, (2)딥러닝을 활용한 모니터링 구역내 사람 탐지 및 추적, (3)다중 카메라 네트워크 환경을 고려한 인원 합산 세단계로 구성된다. 제안된 방법론은 5층 건물을 대상으로 세 개의 시간대 별로 수행된 현장 실험을 통해 검증되었다. 최종 결과는 89.9%의 정확도로 재실자를 인식하는 것으로 나타났으며, 층별, 구역별 합산결과도 93.1%, 93.3%의 정확도로 우수했다. 층별 평균MAE와 RMSE는 각각 0.178과 0.339이었다. 이 처럼 실시간으로 제공하는 건물내 재실자 정보는 초기 재난 대응단계에 신속하고 정확한 구조활동을 지원 할 수있다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.558-563
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• 2009

무의 유방암 및 폐암 세포주에 대한 증식 저해 활성을 분석하였고, 항암 관련 지표 물질로 알려진 glucosinolate의 함량 및 sulforaphane의 함량을 조사하였다. 유방암 세포주의 하나인 MCF-7 세포주를 이용한 CCK(cell counting kit) assay분석법을 사용하여 재래종 무와 갯무 추출물의 세포 증식 저해율을 조사한 결과, 재래종 무보다 갯무의 세포 증식 저해율이 높았으며, sulforaphane 함량에서도 갯무가 재래종 무보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 폐암 세포주의 하나인 A-549 세포주를 이용한 세포 증식 저해율을 조사한 결과, 갯무가 재래종 무보다 높은 세포 증식 저해율을 보였으며, 총 glucosinolate함량에서도 갯무가 재래종 무보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 갯무를 이용하여 재래종 무의 품질 특성을 개량할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.101-115
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• 2001

Objective : To characterize the antitumorigenic potential of Apamin, one of the major components of bee venom, its effects on cell proliferation and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway were characterized using the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-2. Methods & Results : Cell counting analysis for cell death demonstrated that consistent with a previous results, SK-MEL-2 cells treated with $0.5-2.0{\mu}g/ml$ of Apamin showed no recognizable cytotoxic effect whereas detectable induction of cell death was identified at concentrations over $5.0{\mu}g/ml$. [3H]thymidine incorporation assay for cell proliferation demonstrated that DNA replication of SK-MEL-2 cells is inhibited by Apamin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To explore whether Apamin-induced growth suppression is associated with the MAPK signaling pathway, phosphorylation of Erk, a function mediator of MAPK growth-stimulating signal, was examined Western blot assay using a phospho-specific Erkl/2 antibody. A significant increase of Erkl/2 phosphorylation level was observed in Apamin-treated cells compared with untreated control cells. Qantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that Apamin inhibit expression of MAPK downstream genes such as c-Jun, c-Fos, and cyclin D1 but not expression of MAPK pathway component genes including Ha-Ras, c-Raf-1, MEK1, and Erk. Conclusion : It is strongly suggested that the antitumorigenic activity of Apamin might result in part from its inhibitory effect on the MAPK signaling pathway in human melanoma cells SK-MEL-2.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4807-4814
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• 2012

Purpose: The chemoresistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to cytotoxic drugs, especially intrinsic or acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), still remains a major challenge in the management of HCC. In the present study, possible mechanisms involved in MDR of HCC were identified using a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-resistant human HCC cell line. Methods: BEL-7402/5-FU cells were established through continuous culturing parental BEL-7402 cells, imitating the pattern of chemotherapy clinically. Growth curves and chemosensitivity to cytotoxic drugs were determined by MTT assay. Doubling times, colony formation and adherence rates were calculated after cell counting. Morphological alteration, karyotype morphology, and untrastructure were assessed under optical and electron microscopes. The distribution in the cell cycle and drug efflux pump activity were measured by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of potential genes involved in MDR of BEL-7402/5-FU cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Results: Compared to its parental cells, BEL-7402/5-FU cells had a prolonged doubling time, a lower mitotic index, colony efficiency and adhesive ability, and a decreased drug efflux pump activity. The resistant cells tended to grow in clusters and apparent changes of ultrastructures occurred. BEL-7402/5-FU cells presented with an increased proportion in S and G2/M phases with a concomitant decrease in G0/G1 phase. The MDR phenotype of BEL-7402/5-FU might be partly attributed to increased drug efflux pump activity via multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), overexpression of thymidylate synthase (TS), resistance to apoptosis by augmentation of the Bcl-xl/Bax ratio, and intracellular adhesion medicated by E-cadherin (E-cad). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) might play a limited role in the MDR of BEL-7402/5-FU. Conclusion: Increased activity or expression of MRP1, Bcl-xl, TS, and E-cad appear to be involved in the MDR mechanism of BEL-7402/5-FU.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1851-1857
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• 2014

Objective: The main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of berberine hydrochloride (BH) on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion of CNE-1 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Our results shed light on the functional components of traditional Chinese herbs for potential use in modern medicine. Methods: The CNE-1 cell line was treated with different concentrations of BH and effects on cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Anti-migratory and anti-invasive actions of BH were investigated using wound healing assays and the Millicell Hanging cell culture insert system, respectively. Expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene twist (Twist) was analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Apoptosis was estimated with an annexin-V fluorescein (FITC) apoptosis detection kit, as well as with reference to levels of activated caspase-3 of CNE-1 cells before and after treatment with BH utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy. Results: BH was capable of reducing proliferation and viability of CNE-1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, also demonstrating anti-migratory and anti-invasive capacities which correlated with reduction in expression of Twist. Finally, BH was able to induce significant amounts of apoptosis in CNE-1 cells, as demonstrated by an increase in the activity of caspase-3 and in annexin-V staining following treatment. Conclusion: BH extracted from rhizoma coptidis demonstrated an ability to block proliferation, induce apoptosis, and impair the migration and invasion of the CNE-1 cell line Considering these properties, our results suggest that BH could be an important compound for consideration in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.122-132
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• 1999

Purpose : Hepatitis B virus DNA transfected cell line(HepG2.2.15) was cultured to evaluate the effect of herbs on the expression of HBeAg and the replication of HBV. HepG2.2.15 produces HBV particles as well as viral proteins into cell culture media. Methods : Extracts of herbs were adminitered to the cells on the proper concentration. Culture media was collected 48 hours after the herbal administration and HBeAg level in the media was examined by ELISA method. To confirm that the anti-viral effect was not due to direct cytotocixity of the extracts, normal cell proliferation was shown by cell counting. And as of the interference in protein synthesis of HepG2.2.15 by herb-extracts, we used the result of study that we performed before by ${\alpha}FP$ assay using EIA method. Results& Conclusion : Herb medicines like 地楡(Sanguisorbae Radix) and 覆盆子(Rubi Frusctus) showed significant inhibitory effect on HBeAg expression at p<0.01 and 五味子(Acanthopanacis Cortex) at p<0.05. Whereas, though some herbs such as ?草根(Rubiae Radix), 山査(Crataegii Fructus), 白芍藥(Paeoniae Radix Alba), and 大黃(Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) showed the tendecy to suppress HBeAg. most of them were not significant statistically. From the above, we could conclude that those herb medicines can be applied to patients effectively and further studies on effective fraction of some herbs are thought to be needed.

• 암석학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2001

전자현미분석 기를 이용한 저어콘 및 모나자이트의 화학적 연대측정은 미량의 U, Th 및 Pb의 정량분석을 통해 이루어지는데, 측정에 이용되는 M-line의 특성 X-선은 발생효율이 낮고 피크강도가 작아 측정하한과 오차범위가 고려된 분석조건이 설정 되어야한다. 총 분석시간을 줄이고, 측정조건의 변위에 따른 오차를 감소시키고자 PET결정을 갖춘 3개의 분광기를 이용하여 U, Th 및 Pb를 동시에 측정하였고, 파고분석기를 이용하여 피크/배경 비율을 증가시켜 측정하한을 낮추었다 최적 분석조건하에서 U, Th 및 Pb에 대한 이론적 값인 측정하한을 30 ppm (99%유의수준)까지 낮출 수 있었고. 저어콘의 단일측정 시 800 ppd의 Pb농도에서 $\pm$10% ($2{\sigma}$), 2330 ppm의 U에서 $\pm$5% ($2{\sigma}$) 그리고 측정된 연대에서 $\pm$10% ($2{\sigma}$)이내의 상대오차범위에서 분석결과를 얻었다. 저어콘 및 모나자이트의 연대측정을 수행하는데 있어, 3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하의 공간분해능, 100 ppm ($3{\sigma}$) 이하의 측정하한과 $\pm$10% ($2{\sigma}$) 이하의 분석오차를 고려한 가속전압은 15~20 keV, 빔 전류는 100~200 nA, 그리고 총 측정시간을 300~l200초 (피크와 배경위치에서 각각 동일한 시간으로 측정)로 설정하여 보다 정밀하고 정확한 분석자료를 얻을 수 있었다. 높은 전류에 따른 시료의 손상을 줄이기 위해선 전자빔 직경을 3~5 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 증가시키거나 보다 짧은 시간동안의 측정을 반복하여 그 평균값을 이용하는 것이 필요하다. 빔 전류를 증가시키거나 분석시간을 늘려 측정하한을 낮추고 정밀도를 향상시킴으로서 보다 젊은 시기의 암석이나 상대적으로 U, Th 및 Pb의 함량이 적은 광물의 연대측정에 이용할 수 있다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2007

Most of experimental visualizations and numerical results on the flow field separated form a leading edge around an unsteady foil show a continuous streakline from the leading edge and large reverse flow between the streakline and the suction surface. However, they have not exactly clarified yet the dynamic behavior of vortices separated from the leading edge because separation around an unsteady foil is very complicated phenomenon due to many parameters. In the present study the flow fields around pitching foils have been visualized by using a Schlieren method with a high speed camera in a wind tunnel at low Reynolds number regions. It has been observed that small vortices are shed discretely from the leading and trailing edge and that they stand in line on the integrated streakline of separation shear layer. By counting vortices in the VTR frames it was clarified that the number of vortex shedding from the leading and trailing edge during one pitching cycle strongly depends on the non-dimensional pitching rate. Futhermore the vortices moving up to the leading edge on the suction surface of the pitching foil are visualized. They play an important role to balance the number of vortex shedding from both edges.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.1035-1048
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gardenia jasminoides extract (GJ) on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro. Methods: To investigate the effect of GJ on osteoclast differentiation, the mouse leukemic myeloid cell line RAW 264.7 was stimulated by RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand). Osteoclast differentiation was measured by counting TRAP (+) MNC in the presence of RANKL. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of GJ on osteoclast differentiation, gene expression of TRAP, Cathepsin K, MMP-9, NFATc1, c-Fos, MITF, DC-STAMP, CTR, OC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2 was measured using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Bone resorption was measured using the bone pit formation assay. Results: GJ decreased the number of TRAP (+) MNCs in the presence of RANKL. GJ inhibited the expression of cathepsin K, MMP-9, TRAP, MITF, NFATc1, c-Fos, iNON, OC-STAMP, Atp6v0d2, and DC-STAMP in the osteoclast, and inhibited bone pit formation in vitro. Conclusions: The results suggest that GJ has inhibitory effects on bone resorption resulting from inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and gene expression.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.453-462
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG), an oriental herbal medicine, has been known to improve liver function, and has both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. However, little is known about the immune-enhancing effects of PG and its mechanism. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether fermented PG extract (FPGE), which has increased platycodin D content, activates the immune response in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. MATERIALS/METHODS: Cell viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured using Griess reagent. Cytokine messenger RNA levels of were monitored by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying immunomodulatory actions of FPGE in RAW 264.7 cells, we have conducted luciferase reporter gene assay and western blotting. RESULTS: We found that FPGE treatment induced macrophage cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. FPGE also modulated the expression of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. The activation and phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were increased by FPGE treatment. Moreover, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide, an activator of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), significantly reduced both lipopolysaccharides- and FPGE-induced NF-κB reporter gene activity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our findings suggest that FPGE may be a novel immune-enhancing agent acting via AMPK-NF-κB signaling pathway.