• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.266-279
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose a novel block cipher mode of operation, which is known as the counter chain (CC) mode. The proposed CC mode integrates the cipher block chaining (CBC) block cipher mode of operation with the counter (CTR) mode in a consistent fashion. In the CC mode, the confidentiality and authenticity of data are assured by the CBC mode, while speed is achieved through the CTR mode. The proposed mode of operation overcomes the parallelization deficiency of the CBC mode and the chaining dependency of the counter mode. Experimental results indicate that the proposed CC mode achieves the encryption speed of the CTR mode, which is exceptionally faster than the encryption speed of the CBC mode. Moreover, our proposed CC mode provides better security over the CBC mode. In summary, the proposed CC block cipher mode of operation takes the advantages of both the Counter mode and the CBC mode, while avoiding their shortcomings.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.441-446
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• 2000

The experiments of the Aerodynamic characteristics of a counter-rotating axial fan were carried out. The performance tests of a single and a counter-rotating axial fan were carried out based on the Korean Standard Testing Methods for Turbo-fans and Blowers(KS B 6311). The performances of single and counter-rotating axial fans were obtained and compared with each other. The flow fields of a counter-rotating axial fan at the peak efficiency point were measured using a five-hole probe. As a result, compared with the performance of a single-rotating axial fan, that of a counter-rotating axial fan was superior. And it is confirmed that most of the swirl flow generated by the front rotor was eliminated by the rear rotor.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.1579-1583
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• 2008

We proposed the new structure of ac plasma display panel(PDP) to improve the luminous efficacy and driving voltage characteristics. Through two-dimensional numerical simulations, we analyzed the effects of new counter discharge type, which consists of counter sustain electrodes and auxiliary electrodes. Generally, an advantage of AC PDP with the counter sustain electrodes has been known for the driving characteristics of the low voltage. In this work, the new counter structure using the ignition discharge by the auxiliary pulse applied to the address electrode showed the result of the increased luminous efficacy. The short gap discharge between two auxiliary electrodes on the front plate could intensity the long gap discharge between counter electrodes. The reliability of simulation result could be confirmed by the experimental result in the test panel.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1227-1235
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• 2000

In this paper, we propose new concepts that the distributed counter value with the distributed EC system identify each user who users the distributed system. The web user should register his/her own user ID in the cyber shopping mall system. Instead of registration, this paper proposes the proprietary mechanism that is distributing counter. The counter assigns the distinguished number to each client. The distributed lock algorithm is used for mutual assignment of the counter to each client. The proposed algorithm is the best solution in the distributed environment system such as cyber shopping mall. If a user should register his/her own ID in every EC system, he/she may not try to use these uncomfortable systems. The mutual counter is used to identify each client. All of these features are designed and implemented on Windows NT web server. Also these features were experiments with 5 clients for 300 times. According to the experiments, clients have their own mutual counter value. The proposed algorithm will be more efficient in internet application environment. Moreover, it will improve the number of internet users.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.14 no.1 s.60
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• pp.44-49
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• 2007

In the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), carbon counter electrode has been tested for replacing the platinum counter electrode which has two drawbacks: limited surface area and high material cost. Poor mechanical stability of carbon layer due to weak bonding strength to electrically conductive TCO (transparent conducting oxide) glass substrate is a crucial barrier for practical application of carbon counter electrode. In the present study a carbon counter electrode with high conversion efficiency, comparable to Pt counter electrode, could be fabricated by adaption of a bonding layer between particulate carbon material and TCO substrate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.234-234
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• 2013

The counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) play roles in not only collecting electrons from external circuit but also reducing I3- to I- in electrolytes. Generally, conventional counter electrodes for DSSCs are prepared from the high temperature treatment of the H2PtCl6 precursor solution at $400^{\circ}C$ However, the more simplified fabrication process of counter electrodes is required for the commercialization of DSSCs. In this work, we developed novel fabrication process of counter electrodes using nano-second pulsed laser. DSSCs employing counter electrodes prepared by laser process showed conversion efficiency of 6.75% with short-circuit current of 12.73 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 0.74 V and fill factor of 0.72. Closer investigating of photovoltaic properties will be reported.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06c
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• pp.339-342
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• 1998

The various services that a broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN) carries, have a wide range of delay, delay jitter and cell loss probability requirements. Design of appropriate control schemes for B-ISDN is an extremely important and challenging problem. In this paper, we proposes a priority control scheme with a delay counter and a cell counter per each class type. The priority control for required service quality is performed with delay/loss factor obstained by comparing window counter with cell counter. The performance of proposed control scheme is estimated by computer simulation.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2010

This paper presents a method of design the counter using sequential system based on synchronous techniques. For the design the counter, first of all, we derive switching algebras and their operations. Also, we obtain the next-state functions, flip-flop excitations and their input functions from the flip-flop. Then, we propose the algorithm which is a method of implementation of the synchronous sequential digital logic circuits. Finally, we apply proposed the sequential logic based on synchronous techniques to counter.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.195-214
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to suggest a construction device that can transform a public safety, security service, security system on counter-terrorism device system, from government leading type to private management type. There are purpose on this thesis to research for the bringing up counter-terrorism experts certification system and about all sorts of developed device among our country's counter-terrorism situation and through comparing developed country's private security's developing device. This summary of thesis is like below. First we need to establish total counter-terrorism center, like developed country on national corresponding strategy. Second, we need to make an organization as a country security department unified as an America's President directly belonging organization. Third, it is to legislate about an counter-terrorism. Fourth, we need to make a coorperate system according to counter-terrorism duty come under private management, so that can recover a trust among people. Fifth, a terror warning system is necessary. Private security's mutual relationship and developing devices is First, it is necessary to bring up counter-terrorism expert. Second, it is necessary to bring in counter-terrorism experts certification system. Third, counter-terrorism research center that come under private management is necessary. The university, private security related academy, should establish research center for the private security industry's specialization, subdivision. It is considered that various research need to be continued after by bringing up counter-terrorism experts, transforming a consciousness, counter-terrorism education, building an equipment and education center, not for a special group, that can minimize human infringement.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.5 s.236
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• pp.655-662
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• 2005

This paper investigates the improvement of accuracy and fatigue life of the developed counter pressurized microcellular gears of polyacetal. It is shown that the fatigue life and operational characteristics of the counter pressurized microcellular gears are more improved than conventional injection molded plastic gears by the dynamic gear durability test. For the cases of test sea.5. conventional injection molded sea.5(SGea.) and counter pressurized microcellular gears(CGear) are manufactured. Durability test is performed on both conventional lnjection molded gears and counter pressurized microcellular gears. Accuracy variation and operational characteristics on fatigue life, wear and tooth surface temperature of CGear and Scear are compared and represented. Operational characteristics of the proposed counter pressurized microcellular gears show a good result in this research. The durability limit of counter pressurized microcellular gears is also obtained, and represented by a function of unit load as well as by a function off-factor.