• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.144-151
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• 2002

The assessment of hand of the denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis will be discussed in this study. The subjective hand and the preference of the denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated using the developed scale(Part I). The factors affecting consumer's taste for denim fabrics were analyzed by statistics using SAS program. Also, the enzymatic of hydrolysis on the properties of denim fabrics were evaluated by subjective hand measurements. The results are as follows; Regarding the surface properties and the weight, Tencel was evaluated to be the finest, the smoothest, the most flexible, the warmest, the most refined, the sleekest, the flossiest, the lightest the softest, and the thinnest among the four kinds of fabrics. The other fabrics in the order of cotton/Tencel, cotton, cotton/PP were evaluated to qualify the listed touches. Tencel was evaluated to be the loosest and the weakest among the four kinds of denim. Cotton was evaluated to have the driest touch. In addition, the fabrics were evaluated to be more elastic and less wrinkly in the order of Tencel > cotton > cotton/Tencel > cotton/ PP. For the hand preference, the fabrics were ranked in the order of Tencel, cotton, cotton/Tencel, cotton/PP, where tencel is the moat preferred. Cotton/Tencel and cotton/PP showed negative values in the hand and the color preference, meaning that the evaluators disliked their touches. Hand preference of enzyme hydrolyzed cotton/Tencel and cotton/PP denims do not seem to appeal to Korean people.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

This study was performed to help the denim fabric planning which reflects the sensibility preference of university students. Objective characteristics, like color properties and mechanical properties, in 8 denim fabrics (5 cotton 100% fabrics and 3 cotton/polyurethane blended fabrics) were evaluated. And the color preference, subjective sensation and tactile preference of denim fabrics were investigated among the university students. The effect of color preference and tactile preference of denim fabrics on the purchase preference of denim slacks was also examined. Color preference of denim fabrics showed a significant difference according to the kind of denim fabrics. University students preferred purple blue denim fabrics that was measured low $-b^*$ value and low $C^*$ value among the color properties of denim fabrics. Among the mechanical properties of denim fabrics, surface property like MMD, MIU and SMD as well as shear property like 2HG5 were important elements affecting subjective sensation. While, tactile preferences showed a significant difference according to the fabrics. The tactile preferences of cotton/polyurethane blended denim fabrics was highly preferred, and that of heavy 100% cotton denim fabric was lowly preferred. And the subjective sensation affecting tactile preferences were in order of smoothness, softness, lightness. It is concluded that the color preference and tactile preference influenced upon the purchase preference of denim slacks, and color preference had a bigger effect upon the purchase preference.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.852-862
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• 2007

This study was to investigate the physical properties and the external characteristics of denim fabrics(100% cotton non-spun denim, 98% cotton/2% polyurethane spun denim) such as tensile strength, thickness and weight, flex stiffness, surface color and shrinkage. The results of the study were as follows. After examining the change of external characteristics of before and after washing finishing for denim fabrics, denim with bio washing had increased pliability compared to denim without washing finishing but the pliability of the denim did not increase according to the intensity or frequency of washing. The luminance change according to washing finishing was high in the order of bio stone bleach washing, bio stone washing, bio washing and denim without washing finishing and the surface color became brighter in accordance with the increase of intensity and frequency of washing finishing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2001

This paper discussed the assessment of hand of cotton fabrics by enzymatic hydrolysis. The subjective hand and preference of denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated using the scale developed. The factors affecting consumers taste for denim fabrics were analyzed by the statistical technique. The effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the properties of cotton fabrics were also evaluated by subjective hand measurements. The results are as follow; As the weight loss increased, evaluators thought that fabrics become finer, smoother, softer, warmer and more refined, and the sense of durability is sleeker and weaker, and the sense of weight is more flexible, flossier, lighter, softer, thinner. They didnt catch the change of moisture related properties according to the rate of weight loss. They also thought fabrics became more elastic, and less wrinklier as the weight loss increased. As the weight loss increased, the fabric was more preferred. The limited weight loss which changes the preference from \"dislike\" to \"like\" was 12.87%. The most preferred fabric was that with 12.87% of weight loss. It is supposed that the preference of fabric was related to the terms such as \"sum-se-ha-da\"(섬세하다), \"mai-ku-rup-da\"(매끄럽다), \"yoo-yon-ha-da\"(유연하다), \"too-bak-ji-an-da\"(투박하지 않다), \"chom-chom-ha-da\"(촘촘하다), \"gil-ki-da\"(질기다), \"kun-juk-goe-ri-ji-an-da\"(끈적거리지 않다), \"ku-kim-i-ka-ji-an-nun-da\"(구김이 가지 않는다).

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.469-473
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• 2009

Recently, eco-friendly processing has been focused in the textile industry in order to reduce environmental pollutions. Applications of enzyme technology to the textile industry are an example of more environmentally compatible processes. However, there is not enough quantity of referring to denim fabric subjected to enzymatic treatment. In this study, depending on pH, temperature, cellulase concentration, and treatment time, the weight loss of denim fabrics was examined. Characteristics of enzyme-treated fabrics were measured by tearing strength, stiffness, and K/S values. The effect of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-100) on characteristics of the enzyme-treated fabrics was evaluated. The cellulase treatment condition on the cotton fabric were optimized to pH 6.0, $50^{\circ}C$, 1%(o.w.f.), and 60minutes. Characteristics of denim fabrics by cellulase treatment in the presence of Triton X-100 did not improve because Triton-X inhibited the activity of enzyme.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.114-121
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• 2010

Denim is one of the most frequently used fabrics for blue jeans. After washing denim fabric frequently changes its size and color. Salespersons recommended that after purchasing blue jeans customers should dry clean them once before washing. The aim of this study was to investigate to what degree washing with a household washing machine and dry cleaning affected the dimensions and the color of denim fabric. The denim fabric shrank greatly after the first laundering in warp direction regardless of whether it had been dry-cleaned or not. However, it shrank little from the second to the tenth laundering and after each number of dry cleanings. The thickness of the denim changed in the same way as the shrinkage occurred when the number of launderings or dry-cleanings increased. Although the indigo came out of the denim into washing liquor, both of the $L^*$ values and the $b^*$ values of the laundered and the dry-cleaned denim fabrics were lower than those of the control fabric. Darkening of the fabric after washing attributed to the shrinkage in warp; specifically the deep-blue warp yarns more spaced on the fabric face and the back. The $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of the dry-cleaned fabric decreased less than those of the laundered. The value of $a^*$ increased much less than the other values. Staining of the white cotton fabric laundered with the denim fabrics became less as the number of launderings increased. The degree of staining from the dry-cleaned denim was much lower than that of the laundered fabric.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitability of several knit fabrics for the hadicapped children's slacks. After the observation and wearing test abrasion resistance pilling liquid water transport properties and heat transport properties of the fabrics were tested. As specimens cotton/polypropylene interlock knits and sweat absorbent polyester knit fabric were selected and compared to the cotton denim and wool fabrics. As a result of observation test importance of extensibility durability and comfort related properties were recognized. Through the wearing test depending on the handicap type and orthoses different location and grade of pilling were observed. Knit fabrics used in this experiment were as durable as woven fabrics and showed excellent heat and liquid water transport properties. It was concluded therefore that cotton/polypropylene and sweat absorbent polyester knit fabrics are suitable materials for handicapped children's slacks.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

In this study, reuse of biologically treated wastewater of denim washing and dyeing industry has been evaluated by membrane technologies. After that experiments were carried out at laboratory scale in textile dyeing unit by using obtained permeate water samples on 100% cotton based raw fabric belonging to examined industry. During membrane experiments, two different UF (UC100 and UC030) and two different NF (NP010 and NP030) were evaluated under alternative membrane pressures. In permeate water obtained on selected samples, conductivity at the range of $1860-2205{\mu}S/cm$, hardness at the range of 60 to 80 mg/L, total color at the range of 2.4 to 7.6 m-1 and COD at the range of 25-32 mg/L was determined. The following analyzes were performed for the dyed fabrics: perspiration fastness, rub fastness, wash fastness, color fastness to water, color fastness to artificial light, color measurement through the fabric. According to analysis results, selected permeate water have no negative impact on dyeing quality. The study showed that membrane filtration gave good performance for biologically treated textile wastewater, and NF treatment with UF pre-treatment was suitable option for reuse of the effluents.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.15-27
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to perform research of ecology concepts expressed in fashion and to propose a new ecology fashion design based on the results. As a specific research method, first, to determine the concept of ecology, the contents related to ecology were extracted and organized through literature research, and then a fashion collection research was conducted to acquire basic design data, such as silhouettes, materials, details, and colors. From WGSN, and a total of 57 images were selected and used as basic data for the design suggestions. As a result of collecting the collection images, it was found that cotton or denim fabrics were mainly used, and in particular, the frequency of use was high mainly for bright tones. The use of chambray, lace, and wrinkles, was also frequent, and the use of expression techniques using burn-out, bleach, and bleaching effects or parts, or entire dyeing was often noticeable. The colors showed neutral and pastel-toned characteristics, and the silhouette was mainly composed of long silhouettes centered on maxi, such as a top or calf based on the knee, rather than a mini. Fabrics for the final designs were linen and sappan wood, and they were used for the dye and red was used as the overall color. The silhouettes were simplified, and care was taken to prevent unnecessary waste, such as paper or materials, from being generated during the production stage. We tried to achieve the purpose of eco-logy by refraining from excessive trimming, except for essential subsidiary materials, such as zippers.