• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2015

This paper considers a supply chain consisting of a manufacturer under the cap-and-trade emissions regulation and a permit supplier. We study joint production quantity and investment in reducing permit production cost decisions for centralized and decentralized supply chains. We formulate two supply chain contracts with aims to coordinate the decentralized supply chain; wholesale price contract and cost-sharing contract. Under the cost-sharing contract, the manufacturer shares a part of the investment in reducing permit production cost and then is allowed to purchase emission permit at a lower price. We analytically find that the proposed cost-sharing contract with reasonable parameters can coordinate the supply chain whereas the wholesale price contract is not desirable to achieve the system-wide profit. Numerical example is followed to support the analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.115-129
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• 2003

This paper suggests that the profit sharing contract can be Pareto optimal for both supplier and the purchaser. It is shown that Pareto optimal risk sharing contract can be obtained even though the decisions are made in a decentralized manner. The effect of risk attitude of the members of the supply chain is discussed. We examined various aspects of the risk sharing contract such as risk altitude, bargaining power, and cost of information system. The different risk attitude changes the optimal parameters and decision variables. Especially, we proved that, when both the supplier and the purchaser are risk averse, the purchaser orders less quantity than when the one is risk neutral and the other is risk averse. If the fixed cost for the information system is big enough to satisfy a certain condition, it is Pareto optimal not to share the profit and the purchaser takes all the risk even though he is risk averse.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.235-237
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• 2018

The Internet has allowed many things to move fast, including sharing of data, files and others within a second. Many domains use applications range from IoT, smart cities, healthcare, and organizations to share the data when necessary. However, there are some challenges faced by existing systems that works on centralized nature. Such challenges are data breach, trustiness issue, unauthorized access and data fraud. Therefore in this work, we focus on using a smart contract which is used by blockchain platform and works on decentralized form. Furthermore, in this work our contract provides an access to the file uploaded onto the decentralized storage such as IPFS. By leveraging smart contract-role based which consist of a contract owner who can manage the users when access the certain resources such as a file and as well as use of decentralized storage to avoid single point of failure and censorship over secure communication channel. We checked the gas cost of the smart contract since most of contracts tends to be a high cost.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.13-21
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• 2019

The restricted network or the unbalanced distribution of spectrum is causing the problems of lack of spectrum resources and deterioration of the service quality. In addition, the existing centralized radio sharing method has not been a fundamental solution for radio sharing and is inefficient in terms of cost, convenience, and security. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based spectrum sharing as a low-cost, trustworthy, high-efficiency platform that can distribute and share spectrum resources, and propose policies to realize this. In the spectrum sharing platform, spectrum information about Wi-Fi AP and LTE mobile hotspot is registered in the blockchain, and spectrum sharers and users can conclude peer-to-peer spectrum sharing contract quickly and efficiently through smart contract. The pay for the shared spectrum resources and reward for spectrum quality management open platform ecosystem to activate the circulation-sharing and it can provide a convenient and efficient public wireless infrastructure.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.513-526
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• 2023

Supply chain coordination plays a critical role in improving the enterprise performance and the competitive advantage of fresh e-commerce. This study explores the coordination problem of a two-echelon fresh produce e-commerce supply chain comprising a fresh e-commerce enterprise and a fresh supplier in a novel framework. In this framework, the fresh e-commerce sells fresh produce and provides promotion effort; meanwhile, the fresh supplier deliveries fresh produce and provides freshness-keeping effort. Specifically, the optimal decisions under centralized and decentralized decision-making are compared, and it is found that centralized decision-making is more profitable. Based on this work, we created a cost-sharing and revenue-sharing combination contract. This study demonstrates that this contract effectively coordinates the supply chain and makes both parties achieve Pareto optimization when the parameters meet certain conditions. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the contract are presented through a numerical example.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2009

A revenue sharing contract is one of the mechanisms that coordinate decision makers in a decentralized supply chain toward the consensual goal. The transfer prices between different echelons in the supply chain influence the total supply chain profits. The study aims to explore various transfer pricing heuristics on the supply chain coordination in terms of the supply chain profits and their interactions with the revenue sharing rate. A model is proposed for formulating the collaborative production and distribution planning in a decentralized supply chain with the revenue sharing mechanism. Experiment results indicate that the transfer price and the revenue sharing rate affect significantly the coordination. Among the studied pricing heuristics, the variable-cost pricing method led to the best SC profits. Raising the revenue sharing rate reduced the SC profits no matter what heuristics were employed. Furthermore, the experiments provide us clues for finding the optimal transfer price for the supply chain.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2019

Wisdom contents is made by an ordinary person and contains life tips helpful in general. As the existing copyright management systems are designed for the corporate or professional authors, it's not easy to use and requires high cost for the ordinary person to get the copyright. Blockchain based system can notarize the block of transactions without help of trustful third party such as existing copyright protection center. Thus, blockchain based copyright protection model is needed to protect the ordinary author's copyright. In this study, we propose the smart contract based copyright protection model which run on the blockchain network. The proposed model consists of smart contract creation, contents purchase and profit sharing stages. The digital signature scheme is used to get the contract agreed by the seller and the author. The smart contract stores the author information, contents information and the percentage of the share as states. If the contents is sold, the sales tokens are redistributed to the author and the seller according to the share. The proposed model can be applied to the ordinary person's copyright registration and management for Wisdom contents distributed in cafe, blog, YouTube, etc.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.916-937
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• 2023

Most of the existing Distributed Denial-of-Service mitigation schemes in Software-Defined Networking are only implemented in the network domain managed by a single controller. In fact, the zombies for attackers to launch large-scale DDoS attacks are actually not in the same network domain. Therefore, abnormal traffic of DDoS attack will affect multiple paths and network domains. A single defense method is difficult to deal with large-scale DDoS attacks. The cooperative defense of multiple domains becomes an important means to effectively solve cross-domain DDoS attacks. We propose an efficient multi-domain DDoS cooperative defense mechanism by integrating blockchain and SDN architecture. It includes attack traceability, inter-domain information sharing and attack mitigation. In order to reduce the length of the marking path and shorten the traceability time, we propose an AS-level packet traceability method called ASPM. We propose an information sharing method across multiple domains based on blockchain and smart contract. It effectively solves the impact of DDoS illegal traffic on multiple domains. According to the traceability results, we designed a DDoS attack mitigation method by replacing the ACL list with the IP address black/gray list. The experimental results show that our ASPM traceability method requires less data packets, high traceability precision and low overhead. And blockchain-based inter-domain sharing scheme has low cost, high scalability and high security. Attack mitigation measures can prevent illegal data flow in a timely and efficient manner.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examines the opportunism moderating effect by the startup experience in the relationship between franchisor and franchisees. In the case of a franchise system that has a continuous relational exchange transaction, relationship management is a very important activity because the relationship management between franchisor and franchisees improves the quality of the relationship. Nevertheless, there is insufficient of research on opportunism, which is a negative factor in managing the relationship between franchisor and franchisees in continuous relationship. Research design, data and methodology: This study, we explore the cause of opportunism based on transaction cost theory through prior research and establish a research model based by goal incongruity, uncertainty, information asymmetry, transaction specific assets, the relevance to determinant of opportunism and the startup experienced which is a moderating variable. To verify several hypotheses, the data were collected from 300 out of 1,760 domestic franchisees and analyzed using multiple regression analysis with SPSS program. Results: The findings are as follows. Goal incongruity did not affect opportunism. Opportunism increased as uncertainty increased, and as information asymmetry increased, opportunism increased. An opportunism decreased as transaction specific assets increased. Moreover, the findings show that startup experience only plays a moderating role in the relationship between information asymmetry and opportunism. Therefore, 4 out of 8 hypotheses were supported. Conclusions: The findings show that uncertainty, information asymmetry, and transaction specific assets are the determinants of opportunism. In addition, the results of the analysis of the moderating role of startup experience show that the less entrepreneurial experience, the greater the influence of information asymmetry on opportunism. Our findings mean that maintaining a successful relationship between franchisors and franchisees is possible when franchisors provide knowledge sharing, goal sharing, environmental sharing, and management information sharing to franchisees. In addition, the findings of this study shows that the contract content and management should be changed according to the entrepreneurial experience. In other words, the franchisors must share and integrate the accumulated franchisees' and franchisors' experience with the franchisees to create a synergy that can lead to successful bilateral relationship maintenance, which in turn reduces opportunism.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.24-29
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• 2001

Despite of the introduction some sorts of the contract and the bid method like CM(Construction management) that will be efficient to manage the construction project. Korean agencies limit to control project management to do large public constructions. In the case of Taiwan, THSRC is apply J/V system in the public construction project, they are accomplishing that expend optimal the cost and save the construction time. To success J/V it has two factors, one is risk management and another is sharing information of construction project. Therefore, we will study to introduce J/V system to our construction project.