• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.10a
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• pp.448-451
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• 1986

An automatic welding system is designed for a part of fork lift. The system is composed of articulated type welding robot, welding positioners, shuttle for robot, system controller and welding equipment. From the application of the system, stable weld quality and production cost saving are achieved. In this paper, the hardware features and control structure of the system are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.73-80
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• 2011

• Magazine of RCR
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.26-31
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• 2019

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the energy performance of apartment in respect of complex design, building type and generation house layout and finally to produce the guide line for energy saving design. To grasp the present condition and problem about this subject, apartment building types were examined and representative types were extracted. Considering azimuth angle, private area, and generation number, building type of the subject apartment was classified in detail, energy simulation was conducted, and the effect to energy cost was compared. In the research, using VE energy simulation program, the heating and cooling load were calculated and converted to energy cost. It is expected that this analysed results will be basic data for the more integrated study. Research consequence can be summarized as follow: 1) Energy cost is compared according to several azimuth in plank '一' type apartment. As the results, calculated gas cost is the best in $49^{\circ}$, but total cost is in $-31^{\circ}$. 2) Apartment buildings of tower types are compared, it is resulted that 'Y' type (azimuth $-7^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$) is the best in gas cost, but the total cost is worst because of high cooling load.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.813-819
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• 2008

Many shipping companies have suffered about high oil cost and environment regulation as people are concerned about the environment, therefore concentrating on energy using efficiency of the ship. The Skysails Company of Germany developed Skysails System for 4 years, making Shipping Company take interest under such situation. Skysails System uses a large kite in the ship, decreasing fuel expenses. So examination and utility analysis on Skysails System application are a necessity by using weather condition in the Coastal Waters of Korea where feeder network was well-developed. As a result, we could find out the system's efficacy on fuel saving and environment cost saving.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-90
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• 2002

Despite the importance and necessity, the 3PL has not been activated to date. Among many views, customers claim that logistics service provider(LSP) are not prepared or capable of offering satisfactory 3PL services, while LSP emphasize the lack of mutual trust, closed corporate culture of the customer and excessive demand for reducing the costs. With this keeping in mind, it surveyed difference of perception between users and providers of 3PL services in terms of the actual status of using 3PL services, the degree of satisfaction and key factors for selecting 3PL provider through the questionnaire. As shown in this study, 43.3％ of the respondents outsourced logistics services. However, Most company outsourced only inland transportation (49.5％) which is a simple and limited scope of 3PL services, but it also indicated that the percentage of users have ranged was less then 10% in outsourcing their whole logistics sector to 3PL provider and employing other logistics functions. Among respondents, a majority of the service provider stated that they offered satisfactory cost-saving to the customers, while users felt that the degree of satisfaction for using 3PL services was evaluated as at an average level and they more highly regarded the strong partnership of their 3PL provider rather than the saving of cost and improvement of customer's services. Moreover, in contrast to the 3PL providers which regard the most important factor for selecting 3PL service provider is the logistics cost quoted, users of 3PL services felt that the quality of services was more significant than the reduction of cost, and this tendency for selecting 3PL providers was shown in more advanced countries. While users of 3PL services indicated that the main reason for not using 3PL services was to avoid disclosing information of their business and it costs much for employing 3PL providers than doing themselves, 3PL providers thought it was due to reluctancy of opening information and resistance from the logistics division engaged in logistics activities concerned. Accordingly, providers and users of 3PL services should trust each other and prepare plan to activate 3PL services under the collaborative relationships as soon as possible.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.99-124
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• 2012

Our society has long been talking about necessity for innovation. Since companies in particular need to carry out business innovation in their overall processes, they have attempted to apply many innovation factors on sites and become to pay more attention to their innovation. In order to achieve this goal, companies has applied various information technologies (IT) on sites as a means of innovation, and consequently IT have been greatly developed. It is natural for the field of IT to have faced another revolution which is called cloud computing, which is expected to result in innovative changes in software application via the Internet, data storing, the use of devices, and their operations. As a vehicle of innovation, cloud computing is expected to lead the changes and advancement of our society and the business world. Although many scholars have researched on a variety of topics regarding the innovation via IT, few studies have dealt with the issue of could computing as IT. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to set the variables of innovation attributes based on the previous articles as the characteristic variables and clarify how these variables affect "Performance Expectancy" of companies and the intention of using cloud computing. The result from the analysis of data collected in this study is as follows. The study utilized a research model developed on the innovation diffusion theory to identify influences on the adaptation and spreading IT for cloud computing services. Second, this study summarized the characteristics of cloud computing services as a new concept that introduces innovation at its early stage of adaptation for companies. Third, a theoretical model is provided that relates to the future innovation by suggesting variables for innovation characteristics to adopt cloud computing services. Finally, this study identified the factors affecting expectation and the intention to use the cloud computing service for the companies that consider adopting the cloud computing service. As the parameter and dependent variable respectively, the study deploys the independent variables that are aligned with the characteristics of the cloud computing services based on the innovation diffusion model, and utilizes the expectation for performance and Intention to Use based on the UTAUT theory. Independent variables for the research model include Relative Advantage, Complexity, Compatibility, Cost Saving, Trialability, and Observability. In addition, 'Acceptance for Adaptation' is applied as an adjustment variable to verify the influences on the expected performances from the cloud computing service. The validity of the research model was secured by performing factor analysis and reliability analysis. After confirmatory factor analysis is conducted using AMOS 7.0, the 20 hypotheses are verified through the analysis of the structural equation model, accepting 12 hypotheses among 20. For example, Relative Advantage turned out to have the positive effect both on Individual Performance and on Strategic Performance from the verification of hypothesis, while it showed meaningful correlation to affect Intention to Use directly. This indicates that many articles on the diffusion related Relative Advantage as the most important factor to predict the rate to accept innovation. From the viewpoint of the influence on Performance Expectancy among Compatibility and Cost Saving, Compatibility has the positive effect on both Individual Performance and on Strategic Performance, while it showed meaningful correlation with Intention to Use. However, the topic of the cloud computing service has become a strategic issue for adoption in companies, Cost Saving turns out to affect Individual Performance without a significant influence on Intention to Use. This indicates that companies expect practical performances such as time and cost saving and financial improvements through the adoption of the cloud computing service in the environment of the budget squeezing from the global economic crisis from 2008. Likewise, this positively affects the strategic performance in companies. In terms of effects, Trialability is proved to give no effects on Performance Expectancy. This indicates that the participants of the survey are willing to afford the risk from the high uncertainty caused by innovation, because they positively pursue information about new ideas as innovators and early adopter. In addition, they believe it is unnecessary to test the cloud computing service before the adoption, because there are various types of the cloud computing service. However, Observability positively affected both Individual Performance and Strategic Performance. It also showed meaningful correlation with Intention to Use. From the analysis of the direct effects on Intention to Use by innovative characteristics for the cloud computing service except the parameters, the innovative characteristics for the cloud computing service showed the positive influence on Relative Advantage, Compatibility and Observability while Complexity, Cost saving and the likelihood for the attempt did not affect Intention to Use. While the practical verification that was believed to be the most important factor on Performance Expectancy by characteristics for cloud computing service, Relative Advantage, Compatibility and Observability showed significant correlation with the various causes and effect analysis. Cost Saving showed a significant relation with Strategic Performance in companies, which indicates that the cost to build and operate IT is the burden of the management. Thus, the cloud computing service reflected the expectation as an alternative to reduce the investment and operational cost for IT infrastructure due to the recent economic crisis. The cloud computing service is not pervasive in the business world, but it is rapidly spreading all over the world, because of its inherited merits and benefits. Moreover, results of this research regarding the diffusion innovation are more or less different from those of the existing articles. This seems to be caused by the fact that the cloud computing service has a strong innovative factor that results in a new paradigm shift while most IT that are based on the theory of innovation diffusion are limited to companies and organizations. In addition, the participants in this study are believed to play an important role as innovators and early adapters to introduce the cloud computing service and to have competency to afford higher uncertainty for innovation. In conclusion, the introduction of the cloud computing service is a critical issue in the business world.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.3-27
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• 2010

In this paper, we have analyzed the cost structure of the Korean manufacturing industry in relation to the central government's environmental investment(CGEI below) by applying translog variable cost function. Important findings are as follows. First, sufficiency degree of CGEI of 0.7230, less than optimal level of 1, causes production inefficiency. Therefore, central government should forward a strategy to raise CGEI to meet appropriate standards. In addition, inspite of the deficiency of CGEI, shadow priceis lower than market price due to q-value of 0.9572, yielding unfavorable conditions for CGEI. However, CGEI brings about increase in output, variable cost saving, and economies of scale of firms. Second, by comparing this study with an existing study(2010), we have discovered the following facts. In both studies, we find that there are deficiency of investment, unfavorable conditions in investment, economies of scale, and output increase due to investment. However, the current study has found that, CGEI, which shows efficiency by positive(+) shadow price, saves variable cost. Therefore, firms suffer from production inefficiency due to variable cost caused by a shortage of efficient CGEI. Moreover, the previous study conducted in 2010 found that investment in prevention of environmental pollution(IPEP below), which indicates inefficiency by negative(-) shadow price, cannot reduce variable cost. In such circumstances, firms yield abnormal production efficiency based on variable cost savings caused by inefficient IPEP. For this reason, firms should raise IPEP to optimal level to reduce IPEP inefficiency to achieve production efficiency by reducing variable cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.21-23
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• 2012

The process of building project for planning, designing, construction, maintenance, and waste disposal are related with each other. However, we have a difficulty for estimating building's LCC due not to be flexible each other. Therefore, we analyzed the boundary condition between the process of construction and maintenance, and analyzed the factor of segment. We also suggested the Link System for flexible relation.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-82
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• 2006

In order to cope with improvement of labor cost and cargo volume, Korean ports, especially Busan port, are in need of many new facilities. Of course, current facilities should be fully used, and at the same time it needs to make every effort to maximize its productivity as well as cost saving. To this end, this study has decided to focus on automatic yard operation suitable to the domestic container terminal environments, making a survey of many advanced container terminals, trying to find out their common factors, and finally suggesting several alternatives based on the combination of these factors. Also, this study has suggested the present value of initial investment and operating cost by alternative, and at the same time presented the relationship between cargo handling volume and cost/revenue of the optimal alternative, so that it may be of help in decision making.