• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.105-109
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• 2010

Nowadays, the construction of high-rise building is rapidly increasing. There are many cost-increasing factors to the management in the high-rise building construction. For large and complex projects like the high-rise building construction, the more systematic methods and tools are needed for cost control. It is important to identify major cost control items and to manage them for effective cost management in the high-rise building construction. This study proposes a method of identifying major cost-increasing factors in the high-rise building construction based on the Delphi method.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.283-286
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• 2013

The existing nuclear power plants have been often redesigned by increasing or decreasing electrical power without changing design concept by the request of utility, economic factors or other factors. When the cost of power plant equipment redesigned by changing reactor power and electrical power is estimated, if its quotation is not available in the market place, cost scaling factor(CSF) applies to the cost of existing plant equipment and then the new-designed equipment cost can be calculated. In this paper, we review CSFs according to plant capacity change cases in United State DOE, EPRI, ABB, SWEC and introduce the results applied to Korean PWR 1000MWe and 1400MWe.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.14-24
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• 2012

Recently, a delivery system has been rapidly changed in the global construction market. Also, construction projects are becoming bigger and more technology-intensive. A lot of projects have been delivered by Design-Build(DB) System; from the standpoint of cost, approximately 40% of delivered constructions by a Public Procurement Service were DB in 2009. Nevertheless, the achievement has not surpassed our expectations on management of the project cost. On the characteristic of DB, the reasons why that happens are that projects contract have been signed after the Design Development Stage; the insufficient review about new technology and up-to-date construction methods; a lack of discussion in process of design. Those reasons cause a risk of increasing Cost of the projects. In order to solve these problems, it is desirable to find Cost-increasing factors in promoting the projects and select on the order of priority for Risk-Factor with careful management. Therefore, this study analyzed the weight of each phase of the project on the authority of properties of DB project, and identified Risk-factors which is increasing the cost on the aspect of project management. Based on this analysis, the impact assessment of Risk-factor is evaluated through the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis(FMEA).

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.50 no.10
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• pp.501-507
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• 2001

In this paper, new high-efficiency zero voltage switching (ZVS) AC-DC boost converter is proposed to achieve power factor correction by simplifing energy recovery circuit. A lot of high power factor correction circuits have been proposed and applied to increase input power factor and efficiency. Most of these circuits may obtain unity power factor and achieve sinusoidal current waveform with zero voltage or/and zero current switching. However, it is difficult for them to obtain low cost, small size, low weight, and low noise. The topology proposed to improve these problems can compact the devices in circuit and can achieve high efficiency ZVS AC-DC boost converter. Simulation and experimental results show that this topology is capable of obtaining high power factor and increasing the efficiency of the system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.7-14
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• 2016

Unlike most researches that focus on single manufacturer or single buyer, this research studies the cooperation policy for two participants of supply chain such as single vendor and single buyer. Especially, this paper deals with single vendor-single buyer integrated-production inventory problem. If the buyer orders products, then the vendor will start to make products and then the products will be shipped from the vendor to the buyer many times. The buyer is supposed to order again when the buyer's inventory level hits reorder point during the last shipment and this cycle keeps repeated. The buyer uses continuous review inventory policy and customer's demand is assumed to be probabilistic. The contribution of this paper is to present a mixed approach and derive its cost function. The existing policy assumes that the size of shipping batch from single vendor to single buyer is increasing, called Type 1, or constant, called Type 2. In mixed approach, the size of shipping batch is increasing at the beginning part of the cycle, and then its size is constant at the ending part of the cycle. The number of shipping for Type 1 and Type 2 in a cycle in mixed approach is determined to minimize total cost. The relationship between parameters, for example, the holding cost per product, the set up cost per order, and the shortage cost per item and decision variables such as order quantity, safety factor, the number of shipments, and shipment increasing factor is figured out via sensitivity analysis. Finally, it is statistically proved that the mixed approach is superior to the existing approaches.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1997.07a
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• pp.312-314
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• 1997

In this paper, Computer Aided Optimum Design Technique for Three-Phase Induction Motors is proposed. In the technique, reference magnetic flux, specific electric loading factor, specific magnetic loading factor(magnetic flux density) and current density are adopted as design parameters, and minimum total cost including material cost and loss power cost is adopted as a objective function which has to satisfy output condition too. As a result of application to the existing motor, it is proved that this technique is very effective in view of gradually increasing energy costs.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.367-391
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• 2013

After the Fukushima nuclear accident, the external costs of generating electricity from nuclear power plants such as additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs have gained increasing attention from the public, policy-makers and politicians. Consequently, estimates of the external costs of nuclear power are very deliberate issue that is at the center of the controversy in Korea. In this paper, we try to calculate the external costs associated with the safety of the nuclear power plants, particularly focusing on additional safety compliance costs and possible accident risk action costs. To estimate the possible accident risk action costs, we adopt the damages expectation approach that is very similar way from the external cost calculation of Japanese government after the Fukushima accident. In addition, to estimate additional safety compliance costs, we apply the levelized cost of generation method. Furthermore, we perform the sensitivity analysis to examine how much these social costs increase the electricity price rate. Estimation results of the additional security measure cost is 0.53Won/kWh ~ 0.80Won/kWh depending on the capacity factor, giving little change on the nuclear power generation cost. The estimates of possible accident risk action costs could be in the wide range depending on the different damages of the nuclear power accident, probability of the severe nuclear power accident and the capacity factor. The preliminary results show that it is 0.0025Won/kWh ~ 26.4188Won/kWh. After including those two external costs on the generation cost of a nuclear power plant, increasing rate of electricity price is 0.001%~10.0563% under the capacity factor from 70% to 90%. This paper tries to examine the external costs of nuclear power plants, so as to include it into the generation cost and the electricity price. This paper suggests one of the methodologies that we might internalize the nuclear power generations' external cost, including it into the internal generation cost.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.221-237
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• 1992

The reasons for cost inflation in medical insurance expenditure are classified into demand pull inflation and cost push inflation. The former includes increase in the number of beneficiaries and utilization rate, while the latter includes increase in medical insurance fee and the charges per case. This study was conducted to analyze sources of increases of expenditure in medical insurance demonstration area by the period of 1982-1987 which was earlier than national health insurance and the period of national health insurance(1988-1990). The major findings were as follows: Medical expenditure in these areas increased by 9.4%(15.1%) annually between 1982 and 1990 on the basis of costant price(current price) and for this period, the yearly average increasing rate of expenses for outpatient care[10.5%(15.8%)] was higher than that of inpatient care [7.3%(12.6%)]. Medical expenditure increased by 6.3%(8.9%) annually between 1982 and 1987, the period of medical insurance demonstration, while it increased by 10.7%(18.9%) after implementing national health insurance(1988-1990). Medical expenditure increased by 35.9%(45.9%) between 1982 and 1987. Of this increase, 115.2%(92.1%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 61.0%(68.1%) was due to the increase in the charges per case, but the expenditure decreased by 76.2%(60.2%) due to the reduction in the number of beneficiaries. Beteen 1988 and 1990, the period of national health insurance, medical expenditure increased by 21.2%(41.4%). Of this increase, 87.5%(46.4%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 52.4%(73.4%) was due to the increase in the charges per case, and of the increase in the charges per case, 69.6%(40.8%) was attributable to the increase in the days of visit per case. Medical expenses per person in these areas increased by 78.2%(89.0%) between 1982 and 1987. Of this increase, 76.6%(69.1%) was attributable to the increase in the frequencies of utilization per beneficiary and 23.4%(30.9%) was due to the increase in the charges per case. For this period, demand-pull factor was the major cause of the increase in medical expenses and the expenses per treatment day was the major attributable factor in cost-push inflation. Betwee 1988 and 1990, medical expenditure per person increased by 31.2%(53.1%). Of this increase, 60.8%(37.2%) was attributable to the demand-pull factor and 39.2%(62.8%) was due to the increase in the charges per case which was one of cost-push factors. In current price, the attributalbe rate of the charges per case which was one of cost-push factors was higher than that of utilization rate in the period of national health insurance as compared to the period of medical insurance demonstration. In consideration of above findings, demand-pull factor led the increase in medical expenditure between 1982 and 1987, the period of medical insurance medel trial, but after implementing national health insurance, the attributable rate of cost-push factor was increasing gradually. Thus we may conclude that for medical cost containment, it is requested to examine the new reimbursement method to control cost-push factor and service-intensity factor.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.61-74
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• 2003

This study(II) apply to the A city by using the optimal rehabilitation model based on the deterioration prediction of the water distribution system proposed the study(I). The deterioration prediction model divides factors into 14 factors with digging and experiment and 9 factor without digging and experiment and calculate the deterioration degree. The application results of the deterioration prediction model show that a difference of the deterioration degree according to factor numbers is within 1~2%. Also, the model can predict the deterioration degree of each pipe without digging and experiment. The optimal rehabilitation model is divided into the optimal residual durability of each deterioration factor and budget constraint or not. The application result is as follow: the rehabilitation time and cost increase according to the increasing of the optimal residual durability. When compared the model with budget constraint and model without budget constraint, the former model increase the cost of total contents. In case of budget constraint, the increasing tendency is concluded that the pipe rehabilitation is executed in same budget every year in condition that every rehabilitation cost do not exceed the every year budget within the optimal residual durability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1987.04a
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• pp.82-85
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• 1987

This paper describes the technology for the improvement of subxdriber loop utilization. Nearly all customer loops are now carried at voice frequency on individual wire pairs. Reenct digital technology improvements together with the increasing cost of wire, have resulted in some penetration of carrier systems into the loop plant. Moreover the increasing use of local digital switching systems should permit digital carrier systems to become an important factor in the loop plant in the future.