• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2024

Background: This study examined the public's perceptions of repeat dispensing as one of the measures to reduce the harmful effects of long-term prescriptions in Korea. Methods: From January 11 to 25, 2021, an online survey was conducted for adults using convenience sampling. A self-developed questionnaire was used. Results: There were 310 respondents, of which 228 (73.5%) preferred repeat dispensing. When considering the additional fee payment, 188 (60.6%) preferred repeat dispensing, and 54 (67.5%) out of a total of 80 chronic disease patients preferred it. It was confirmed that there was a difference in the willingness to repeat dispensing considering the additional cost depending on whether the patient had a chronic disease and the distance from home to the nearest pharmacy. As a result of subgroup analysis for patients with chronic diseases, frequency of outpatient visit, number of prescription days, method of packaging pharmaceuticals, and distance from home to the nearest pharmacy were identified as variables that could well predict the willingness to repeat dispensing considering paying additional fees. The preference for repeat dispensing may vary depending on conditions such as additional cost range, frequency and period of prescription use, disease and patient characteristics, so a careful approach is necessary. Conclusion: It is necessary for the government to consider the introduction of repeat dispensing with interest in the public demand.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제38권10호
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• pp.1212-1216
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• 2014

This study aims to find out the best anode location for buried pipelines. Numerical simulation program known as CATPRO (Elsyca, Belgium) were used for confirming the best location of anodes and the effects of impressed current cathodic protection system. Applied conditions for numerical simulation were similar to on-site environmental conditions for optimal application of cathodic protection system. Used criterion of cathodic protection was NACE SP 0169, which describes that minimum requirement for cathodic protection is -850mV vs. CSE. Various layouts for anodes' installation were applied, which were distance between anodes, anode installation location, and applied current. The areas where cathodic protection potential was lower than -850mV vs. CSE was limited up to 50m from anode installation locations. It was founded numerical analysis obtain cost-effective and efficient cathodic protection methods before design and application the impressed cathodic protection system to on-site environment.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.235-240
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• 2005

Recently urban utility plants in urban areas of Korea, such as energy supply systems, municipal waste incineration systems, sewage treatment systems and so on, have caused some critical troubles, for instance the insensitive response to the seasonal or daily variation of loads, the low system efficiency and inefficient use of energy because of the large-scale system located a great distance. Therefor the design method of optimal integrated system model of various urban utility plants proposed in this study suitably to the present situation of Korea. Also, the effect analysis for the introduction of compound utility plants was studied for a new town model on a 60,000 persons scale. As the results we found that the complex plant was superior to individual urban utility plant in side of the initial investment expenses, the operating cost and other reasons.

• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.164-170
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• 2020

Recently, the aviation industry faced a major crisis due to the impact of COVID-19. However, despite the sluggish passenger transportation, the cargo transportation sector is relatively maintained or increasing depending on the item. In this study, we will look at the trends before and after COVID-19, focusing on the cargo export field, which is a concern of the aviation industry. First, it analyzes the entire air cargo and then analyzes the trends of each item and country in detail. In particular, it examines the process of changes in air transport costs, which increased significantly immediately after COVID-19, and conducts future trends and prospects in the cargo export field. As a result of the study, some characteristics of air cargo exports before and after COVID-19 were found in an analysis by item and country, and transportation costs varied according to route distance.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

Korea is facing a surge in the aging population, showing that population aged 65 and above will be accounted for 42.5% of the total population in 2065 with the emphasis on the over-80 population consisting of 19.2%. In response to this abrupt change in population structure, the number of traffic fatality accident referring to older driver as aged 65+ years had been increasing from 605 fatalities in 2011 to 815 fatalities in 2015 resulting in increases in 34.7% in oppose to happening to decreases in 17.2% about non-older driver. With Logit analysis based on Newton-Raphson algorithm utilizing older driver's traffic fatality data for the 2011-2015 years, it was found that the likelihood of an accident resulting in a fatality for super older driver aged 80 years and above considerably increased compared to other older driver with aging classification: 2.24 times for violation of traffic lane, 2.04 times for violation of U-turn, 1.48 times for violation of safety distance, 1.35 times for violation of obstacle of passing; also average annual increase of traffic accident cost related to super older driver was fairly increased rather than other older driver groups. Hence, this study proposes that improving and amending transport safety system and Road Traffic Act for super older driver needs to be urgently in action about license management, safe driving education, etc. when considering the increase of over-80 population in the near future. Also, implementing a social agreement with all ages and social groups to apply with advanced driver assistance system for older driver groups will be able to become a critical factor to enhance safe driving over the face of the country.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2018

As the offshore wind farms increase, interest in the efficient power system configuration of submarine cables is increasing. Currently, transmission system of the offshore wind farm uses almost AC system. High temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable of the high capacity has long been considered as an enabling technology for power transmission. The HTS cable is a feasible way to increase the transmission capacity of electric power and to provide a substantial reduction in transmission losses and a resultant effect of low CO2 emission. The HTS cable reduces its size and laying sectional area in comparison with a conventional XLPE or OF cable. This is an advantage to reduce its construction cost. In this paper, we discuss the economic feasibility of the 22.9 kV HTS power cable and the conventional AC power cables for an offshore wind farm connections. The 22.9 kV HTS power cable cost for the offshore wind farm connections was calculated based on the capital expenditure and operating expense. The economic feasibility of the HTS power cable and the AC power cables were compared for the offshore wind farm connections. In the case of the offshore wind farm with a capacity of 100 MW and a distance of 3 km to the coast, cost of the 22.9 kV HTS power cable for the offshore wind farm connections was higher than 22.9 kV AC power cable and lower than 70 kV AC power transmission cable.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2012

A turnelling work beneath roadways or railways in use is unsafe and dangerous. A turnelling method should be analytically and experimentally studied to verify stability and safety of excavating works by construction step. The conventionally analytical method was ineffective in computational time and cost, so the new analytical method named homogenuity method, was developed and verified compared with analytical results. That method was applied to parameterly study the effect of distance of steel supports and overburdening height of soil. It showed that the homogenuity method was very practical and effective in step-by-step analysis considering construction sequences. A measuring device was set at the construction field and mechanical behavior was monitored during construction. Measuring values are larger than analytical values because impact of inserting steel pipes, lowering level of underground water and vibration of passing vehicles affected soil density during construction, but those values were within allowable limits.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2017

Purpose - This research approaches to the new niche market of medical tourism to investigate how factors of cultural similarity influence the international distribution management. This study also estimates the interaction effects of distribution channel on the relationships of facility attributes and customers' destination choice behavior. Research design, data, and methodology - We collected the sample of 881 potential customers from the more economically developed regions in China. Regression analysis is used to confirm the relationships in the research model. Results - The result shows that cultural similarity plays an important moderating role in the relationships of facility attributes and destination choice intention. For instance, power distance and masculinity interact with the distribution facility characteristics of medical quality and reputation to influence customers' selection of the destination country. Individualism, powder distance, and masculinity play moderating roles when social environment affects destination choice intention. Especially, all the elements of cultural similarity moderate the relationships between travel cost and destination choice intention. This research also proves that depending on distribution channel, determinants of distribution facility are the critical predictors of intention to select the medical service outside of China. Conclusions - The study enables managers to develop the more effective strategies reflecting the interaction effects of cultural similarity and distribution channel on customers' decision-making process.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.3393-3412
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• 2017

As a main challenge in network virtualization, virtual network embedding problem is increasingly important and heuristic algorithms are of great interest. Aiming at the problems of poor correlation in node embedding and link embedding, long distance between adjacent virtual nodes and imbalance resource consumption of network components during embedding, we herein propose a two-stage virtual network embedding algorithm NA-PVNM. In node embedding stage, resource requirement and breadth first search algorithm are introduced to sort virtual nodes, and a node fitness function is developed to find the best substrate node. In link embedding stage, a path fitness function is developed to find the best path in which available bandwidth, CPU and path length are considered. Simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm could shorten link embedding distance, increase the acceptance ratio and revenue to cost ratio compared to previously reported algorithms. We also analyzed the impact of position constraint and substrate network attribute on algorithm performance, as well as the utilization of the substrate network resources during embedding via simulation. The results showed that, under the constraint of substrate resource distribution and virtual network requests, the critical factor of improving success ratio is to reduce resource consumption during embedding.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.379-389
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• 2014

Fire detectors are designed to minimize loss of life from a fire alarm system as an alarm to help evacuate more quickly until the completion of the evacuation alarm should be continued. the purpose of such alarms in order to achieve the characteristic fire heat release rate reaches a certain level, or when a certain time has elapsed, when the heat detector is to be alarms to answer. Requires a quick response, it is desirable to install the sensor as much as possible, but taking into account the cost of installation problems by engineering approach to minimize the quantity and rapidity of detection capability should be increased. In order to increase the rapidity of fire detectors in a room according to the height of the sensing period is to be maintained the optimum distance of the fire detector detects characteristics should be considered. Differential spot-type heat detectors installed domestic basis, depending on the type of sensor that can detect one sensor area is limited and less than 4m ceiling height regulations and simply double the number in excess of 4m and intended to be installed.