• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2579-2586
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• 2014

수상 전투함의 개발과정에서 성능, 비용, 기간 등의 초과와 같은 위험요소를 방지하기 위해서는 요구성능을 조기에 설정하는 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 요구성능 설정의 기준자료로 활용할 수 있는 성능척도와 비용효과척도를 제안하였으며, 성능척도는 대함유도탄 방어 효과를 나타내었고, 비용효과척도는 비용과 성능의 비율로 구성하였다. 성능척도와 비용효과척도를 적용한 분석결과를 구하기 위해 RF기만기, RF재머, 근접방어무기체계, 요격용유도탄을 선택 탑재하는 16가지의 교전 시나리오를 작성하였다. 해군에서 운용하고 있는 NORAM 프로그램을 활용하여 교전을 모의분석한 결과, 함정의 생존확률은 0.605~0.975, 비용효과척도는 0.301~0.887로 분석되었으며, RF기만기, RF재머, 단거리요격용유도탄 등 3종류의 방어무기를 동시에 운용하는 경우가 가장 우수한 비용효과를 나타내고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2017

본 연구는 복수 품목을 정비하는 단일 정비부대의 정비 프로세스를 시뮬레이션으로 모델링하였다. 이를 통해 정비능력을 공유한 정비창이 최적 비용으로 구성품 가동률과 목표 가동율 등을 달성하는지를 분석할 수 있다. 구성품 가동률과 정비시간 등을 핵심 성과지표로 하여 육군 항공기 정비단 엔진 정비프로세스에 대한 시뮬레이션 모델을 구성하고 실증연구를 하였다. 영향요소의 식별을 위해 NOLH 실험설계법을 적용하여, 33가지 시나리오를 구성하고 다중회귀분석을 수행하였다. 이 비용분석 연구를 통해 정비 프로세스의 개선사항을 식별할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 시뮬레이션을 통해 복수품목을 정비하는 단일 정비부대의 비용대 효과 분석 모형을 제공했다는데 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to :(a) investigate meal costs, plate waste costs, and advantages/disadvantages of conventional /commissary foodservices and (b) compare the effectiveness of commissary foodservice systems with that of conventional systems. Questionnaires were developed and mailed to 136 schools in Kyonggi-do. A total of 106 questionnaires were usable, resulting in a 77.9% response rate. Teacher's teaching of good food habits and students satisfaction with school foodservices were surveyed in three schools from each system. Moreover, plate waste was measured to express cost and benefit in currency. Data were analyzed using the SAS package for description analysis, t-test, $\chi$$^2$ test, ANOVA, and the Vilcoxon rank sum test. Approximately seventy percent of 294schools in Kyonggi-do were operating commissary systems and most of them were of the rural (reduced paid) type. The number of meals served varied significantly between types of foodservice. The results of this study indicated that average food , labor utility , and supply costs were saved in the commissary system and that the total meal cost/person for a day was 1218.7 won compared to 1452.4 won in the conventional system. Though total meal costs were saved in the commissary system, dietitians had difficulties cooperating with school foodservice committees and supporters associations, especially in satellites of the commissary system. In addition, dietitians and teachers in the commissary system did not carry out teaching activities on good food habits to students as often as in the conventional system. Other problems that dietitians recognized in the commissary system were difficulties in training employees and parents for portion control and serving relatively simple menus. Students, as customers of school foodservices, are very important for system evaluation . Students in the commissary system scored of food itself , cleanliness of tableware, waiting time, quantity of meal and food temperature significantly lower than students in the conventional system. Moreover , the rate of plate waste was 20.5% in the commissary system as compared to 3.3% in the conventional system. Cost-effectiveness (saving 233.7won/person/day) is the main benefit of the commissary system. However , because of lower satisfaction scores and a highest plate waste rate, 201.9won/ person were wasted in the commissary system. The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of meals served within a commissary system might maximize the efficiency of the system, but increasing the number of satellites is not recommended because it might be out of dietitians control in many aspects.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.661-666
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• 2015

This paper proposes a method for solving running cost problem by minimizing switching reactive power compensation devices. An objective function was modeled by calculating the weighting value of cost, and a solution was derived using ILP. This paper suggests optimal coordinative control method between FACTS, Shunt Reactors, Capacitors and OLTC. Therefore, it is valuable for decision maker in determining order and capacity of devices which gaining a voltage stabilization. As a result, the objectives of voltage stabilization and cost minimization were achieved simultaneously. This realizes the economic efficiency of the system. We start by showing how to solve systems of linear equations using the language of pivots and tableaus. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated in modified PSS/E MIGUM 45 bus system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this algorithm by comparing the outcome withseveral established methods.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권5호
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• pp.563-576
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• 2019

According to The Concrete Centre, in the UK shear walls have become an inseparable part of almost every reinforced concrete frame building. Recently, the construction industry has questioned the need for shear walls in low to mid-rise RC frame buildings. This study tried to address the issue in two stages: The first stage, the feasibility of removing shear walls in an existing design for a residential building where ETABS and CONCEPT software were used to investigate the structural performance and cost-effectiveness respectively. The second stage, the same structure was examined in various locations in the UK to investigate regional effects. This study demonstrated that the building without shear wall could provide adequate serviceability and strength within the safe range defined by Eurocodes. As a result, construction time, overall cost and required concrete volume are reduced which in turn enhance the sustainability of concrete construction.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 2003

Purpose : The aim of this study is to review cost analysis methodological issues in the nursing literature. Method : The subjects of this study were articles published in Korea from 1961 to August, 2002. They were searched by key words 'cost' and 'nursing' from various DB(National Assembly Library, The National Library of Korea, RICH etc). Finally, 31 articles were collected. Results : 1) The major type of cost analysis was a cost comparison study. 2) The important methodological weaknesses were as followers: First, many studies did not describe a cost analysis framework or a cost analysis assumption. Second, a few studies described selection criteria of cost items and effectiveness items. Third, many studies did not do a sensitivity analysis. Conclusion : With these results, it will be possible to develop a more proper cost analysis methodological framework and also to make an evaluation criteria for cost analysis nursing study.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.768-781
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• 1996

The problem of care of patients and families with Alzheimer's disease has become a conscious raising social policy issue in Korea. The government of the Republic of Korea has become cognizant of the situation and has begun searching for ways to remedy it. Thus, there is a need for a comprehensive under-standing of the situation in which patients and their families are struggling and the enormous problems of care. With a realization of the urgent need, this study was done to investigate the situation and the care needs of families with patients with Alzheimer's Disease, and to compare the effectiveness of services utilized by the families in terms of cost and effects on patient's conditions and on family live. The Subjects for the study were 29 families with hospitalized patients, 25 families utilizing hospital outpatient clinics, 14 families utilizing day care facilities, and 16 families with homebound patients. A total of 84 families were interviewed by four trained interviewers using structured and semistructured questionnaires. The data produced from these interviews included : the patient's stage of Alzheimer's disease, patient's bizarre behavior, hours spent on patient care per day, family burden and quality of life, direct and indirect costs encountered in the care of patients, and the families' evaluation of the effectiveness of the services received. The data were analyzed to determine the relationships between family charactersistics, patient's conditions and services utilization. The effectiveness of each of the service entities was assessed through families evaluation and hoped for service and comparisons were made between services in terms of the cost-effectiveness ratios. After initial comparison of cost-effectiveness ratios, further analysis was done to compare between groups for incremental effectiveness for each incremental unit of cost to determine the most cost-effective service entities. The findings of the study are as fellows : 1. The choice of living arrangement and the types of services are a function of the stage of Alzheimer's condition and the economic status of the family. 2. Comparision of the cost of care showed that most expenses were encountered in by families with hospitalization, families using outpatient services, and families using day care services in that order. The least expense was involved in the care of homebound patients. The economic burden felt by families was in the same order as expenses. 3. The average number of hours spent on daily patient care was 9.9 hours for the outpatient clinic users, 9.7 hours for homebound patients, and 5.4 hours for day care users. 4. There were significant differences in the patient's conditions (CDRL), bizarre behaviors and the families's burden by living arrangement and /or types of service. However, no significant difference was found between groups in the family's quality of life. 5. The families rated the services of day care center as most effective for the care of the patients and families, except for a few families who had experienced some improvement in the patient's conditions. The outpatient clinic users expressed psychological comforts mainly in that the patient was being taken care of. For those hospitalized patients, families expressed the comfort of being relieved of the burden of care and that the patient is being professionally cared for. Form the analysis of the costs, hours of patient care, patient's bizarre behaviors, family's quality of life and burdens, and family's evaluation of services, it is concluded that up to the mid stage of Alzheimer's condition, the utilization of day care center services is found to be the most cost-effective, and toward the end stage of the Alzheimer's disease, it is hoped that there will be a establishment of long term or short term in-patient facilities for the protection of patients and preservation of the integrity of families for less cost. Thus. it was concluded that the family centered system of care is the most effective for Korea with systematic support systems developed for the care of patients and their families according to the needs of families as the patient's condition deteriorates.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2003

Purpose: This is a simple survey for discussion about cost analysis methodological issues in home care nursing service studies. Method: The subject of this study were articles published in Korea from 1961 to August, 2002, and searched by key word 'cost' and 'nursing' from various DB(National Assembly Library, The National Library of Korea, RICH etc). Finally, 13 articles were collected. Result: 1) The major type of cost analysis studies was a cost comparison or a simple cost study. 2) The important methodological weaknesses were as followers; (1) few studies were suggested cost analysis framework or analytic perspective, (2) it ,was not enough to describe for basis of selection of cost/effectiveness items, (3) few studies were done by sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: These above results will be used to develop a more proper cost analysis methodological framework in home care nursing services and also to contribute as a guideline for further studies.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.417-424
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• 2009

For a construction project to progress smoothly, effective cost estimation is vital, particularly in the conceptual and schematic design stages. In these early phases, despite the fact that initial estimates are highly sensitive to changes in project scope, owners require accurate forecasts which reflect their supplying information. Thus, cost estimators need effective estimation strategies. Practically, parametric cost estimates are the most commonly used method in these initial phases, which utilizes historical cost data (Karshenas 1984, Kirkham 2007). Hence, compilation of historical data regarding appropriate cost variance governing parameters is a prime requirement. However, precedent practice of data mining (data preprocessing) for denoising internal errors or abnormal values is needed before compilation. As an effort to deal with this issue, this research proposed a statistical methodology for data preprocessing and verified that data preprocessing has a positive impact on the enhancement of estimate accuracy and stability. Moreover, Statistically Preprocessed data Based Parametric (SPBP) cost models are developed based on multiple regression equations and verified their effectiveness compared with conventional cost models.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.23-40
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• 2004

본 연구는 팀제를 실시하고 있는 전국의 대학도서관을 대상으로 팀제의 운영방식(도입과정, 팀원의 재량권, 팀장의 리더십, 팀의 자유로운 의사소통, 도서관장의 의지)이 팀 효과성(환경적응성, 직무만족, 팀 분위기, 비용절감)에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석한 것이다. 분석을 위한 데이터는 대학도서관의 직원으로부터 회수된 설문지를 기초로 하였다. 연구결과 팀제의 운영방식 중 도입과정과 도서관장의 의지는 팀의 효과성 가운데 환경적응성, 직무만족, 비용절감에 모두 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 의사소통은 직무만족과 팀의 분위기에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.