• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.321-333
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• 2003

Although manufacturing cost is a major part of profit in a company, it is difficult to be calculated by an analytic method. Besides, the manufacturing cost gained by simple financial structure dose not have an important meaning in market place. Therefore, an analytic method of computing the manufacturing cost is very necessary in manufacturing system. In this study, we suggested the direct cost analysis model which are able to measure accurate cost analysis of product in manufacturing system. The direct cost analysis model is made up of directly used expenditure for unit product. Also, system performances are put in the manufacturing cost analysis model so that it could be possible to analyze the change of manufacturing cost as system performances change. At the end of this paper, it verifies its relevancy and practicality of the suggested direct cost analysis model through the case study, using real data for direct labor cost.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.119-126
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• 2001

This paper analyzes problems related to total cost changes in private investment projects, and then proposes an improvement measure for the control of cost changes within the framework of the project management, contract, human resource, project communication, cost, and time management. From the viewpoint of contract management, the basis of cost change ought to be cleared up with standardization of related provisions in the concession agreement, and potentiality of change ought to be excluded with prescription of the private investor's leading role from the design phase. Regarding human resource management, this paper proposes a standard work flow granting much sovereign rights to private parts by putting restriction on work scopes of the entrusted authority of government, and transferring the rights of assignment, contract, and control about the responsible supervisor to the concessionaire. With regard to project communication management the notification of changes on drawings and technical documents ought to be automated and the realtime database ought to be established with DMIS (Drawings & Documents Management Information System). From the cost management point of view, this thesis integrates the control of cost-change-approved items and disapproved items to one cost breakdown system, and then harmonizes the actual progress with EVMS in time management.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2005

Construction cost index is generally used to estimate the new project cost based on past construction data and to adjust contract cost when the price change of various articles and items of expenditure composing the contract occurs. In Korea, it is mostly used for adjustment of construction contract cost due to fluctuation of prices. However index adjustment rate which is used for adjustment of construction contract cost had some problems in calculating cost index of each expenditure item that could not reflect properly the change of construction cost. For supplementing these problems, the research of developing construction cost index has been executed. Through the precedent research, these problems were partially resolved but still remain. Therefore this research proposes method of making cost index that utilizes representative items of labor, material, and equipment by analyzing bill of quantity of road construction, through analysis and comparison of precedent study. By using this method, it is expected to solve problems which were not reflected in precedent studies.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.179-187
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• 2022

The project performances can be measured in terms of meeting the project schedule, budget, and conformance to functional and technical specifications. Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the causes and effects of change orders for both vertical and horizontal construction, respectively. However, these studies mainly focus on a single project type, so this paper examines the impact of change order for cost growth and schedule overruns using four different building types to close the gap in the change order research area. A total of 211 building projects are collected from four building types: healthcare, residential, office, and education. Statistical analyses using ANOVA tests and linear regression models are used to examine the created metric $CO/day on the cost and schedule impacts. The results found that mean $CO/day values were not statistically different among building types, and that the sum of change orders is a statistically significant predictor of $CO/day. The results will help project stakeholders mitigate the negative change orders effects can be a challenge for project managers and researchers alike.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2015

Due to the increasing trend of operation and maintenance cost (O&M cost) of infrastructure, the accurate estimation of O&M cost is crucial part to the government. Recent literatures pointed out that gradual climate changes such as average temperature changes, average precipitation changes, and etc. have significant impact on infrastructure O&M cost. This research is intended to develop a long-term O&M cost prediction model of road facilities by considering the impacts of average temperature changes. For this end, the climate change scenarios of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)'s $5^{th}$ report are adopted to structure the impact of average temperature changes by using binomial lattice model. The proposed framework is expected to regional government in supporting decisions for road O&M cost.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.311-326
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• 2004

The 5 working day's a week increase to fixed cost. Specially, the small & medium size company more increase to manufacturing cost. The introduction of 5 working day's rule influence to labor cost in manufacturing cost. Also, it make disappearance to fixed cost of 0.5 working day. Almost manufacturing company expect to have difficulty in product cost. The case of japan, many manufacturing company move to Asian countries after introduction of 5 working day's a week rule. The purpose of this study are the analysis of change product cost and suggest to solutions of productivity for a type of industries..

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.179-193
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• 2002

The 5 working day's a week increase to fixed cost. Specially, the small ＆ medium size company more increase to manufacturing cost. The introduction of 5 working day's rule influence to labor cost in manufacturing cost. Also, it make disappear to fixed cost of 0.5 working day. Almost manufacturing company expect to have difficulty in product cost. The case of japan, many manufacturing company move to Asian countries after introduction of 5 working day's a week rule. The purpose of this study are the analysis of change product cost and suggest to solutions for a type of industries.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.1-30
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• 2007

This study aims to analyze the policy change which is caused by conflicts between interest groups when the Separation of the Prescribing from the Dispensing of Drugs (SPDD) was enforced. With the theory of New Institutionalism, the reason why the policy was to be changed can be explained by the concept of property right and transaction cost. As the government did not consider the change of property right and transaction cost between actors before introducing new institution, it was hard to adapt the SPDD. Though, under the established institution, the institutional change can cause the alteration in property right and transaction cost, government just focused on the new institution's execution. Therefore, the group which suffers the loss could not accommodate to the change of institution. For this reason, the adaptation of SPDD also caused huge conflicts between doctors and pharmacists. Then, this research shows that the reason why they conflict to the some issues in the content of PSPDD and why the issues was changed with the property right and transaction cost.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.106-113
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• 2003

The purpose of this thesis is to provide an appropriate trade-off information for the conflicting interests caused by the various factors between building owner and contractor during selecting the contractor and performing the construction work, in which the construction was contracted by open bidding from the government or private organizations. In order to propose the legitimate evidence, the differences between the domestic contract sheet of drawing change and the process of drawing change and those of the foreign countries were compared and analysed The number of construction ordered in Youngdong area in 2001 whose construction expenses are more than 100,000,000 won is 218 items and 147,005,000,000 won in total cost Among them, the number of 218 items whose total cost amounts to 16,705,000,000 (11.36$\%$) is in case of increase of construction expenses due to the drawing changes, and the number of 48 items whose tool cost amounts to 2,009,000,000 won (1.37$\%$) is the case of decrease. In conclusions, the contractor could have more benefits than the building owner in case they submit the detailed estimate sheet without eliminating the increasing expenses of construction. It is shown that the building owner's loss is increasing whenever the labor cost is higher material cost Therefore, this thesis proposes a proper standards for the harmonious compromise between the contractor and the building owner for the problems caused by the drawing changes when the contract agreement is occurred.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.283-286
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• 2013

The existing nuclear power plants have been often redesigned by increasing or decreasing electrical power without changing design concept by the request of utility, economic factors or other factors. When the cost of power plant equipment redesigned by changing reactor power and electrical power is estimated, if its quotation is not available in the market place, cost scaling factor(CSF) applies to the cost of existing plant equipment and then the new-designed equipment cost can be calculated. In this paper, we review CSFs according to plant capacity change cases in United State DOE, EPRI, ABB, SWEC and introduce the results applied to Korean PWR 1000MWe and 1400MWe.