• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2014

Atractylodes macrocepala KOIDZ. (AmK) is a herbal medicine and resources of functional food which has been used for the treatment of indigestion, anorexia, diarrhea and digestive dysfunction. Recently AmK is frequently used as resources of functional food and whitening cosmetics. In this study was carried out to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Amk in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. male and female rats were administered orally with Amk extract of 1,000 mg/kg (low dosage group), 2,000 mg/kg (middle dosage group) and 4,000 mg/kg (high dosage group). We daily observed number of deaths, clinical signs and gross findings for 7 days. No dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. But we found out feeble histopathological changes in liver fat tissues. In addition no significant changes of gross bady and individual organs weight. These results suggest that water soluble extract of AmK has not acute oral toxicity and oral $LD_{50}$ value was over 4,000 mg/kg in SD rats.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.220-225
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• 2020

Hair is made of proteins containing various amino acids. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is believed to be responsible for the most damaging effects of sunlight, and also plays an important role in hair aging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in morphological and chemical structures after ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation of human hair. The UVB-irradiated hair showed characteristic morphological and structural changes, compared to those of the normal hair. The result from a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray diffractometer (EDX) showed that the scale of UV-irradiated hair appeared to be rough and the amount of oxygen element was higher than that of the normal hair. Fluorescence and three dimensional (3D) topographical images were obtained by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). In 3D images, the green emission intensity of normal hair was much higher than that of fluorescing UVB-irradiated hair. The intensity of green emission reflects the intrinsic fluorescence of hair protein. Also, a fluorescent imaging method using fluorescamine reagent was used to identify the free amino groups resulting from a peptide bond breakage in UVB-irradiated hair. Strong blue fluorescence of UVB-irradiated hair, which indicates a very high level of amino groups, was observed by CLSM. Therefore, the fluorescamine as an extrinsic fluorescence could provide a useful tool to identify the peptide bond breakage in UVB-irradiated hair. Infrared image mapping was also employed to assess the cross-sections of normal and UVB-irradiated specimens to examine the oxidation of disulfide bonds. The degree of peak areas with strong absorbance for the disulfide mono-oxide was spread from the outside to the inside of hair. The spectroscopic techniques used alone, or in combination, launch new possibilities in the field of hair cosmetics.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.137-141
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• 2008

9 kinds of nanoparticle used for this study was a particle with the size of less than 100 nm of diameter, and Artemia sp. cyst examined what kind a influence to have upon the process hatched out in nauplius. 82% hatched in nauplius at the opposition ward where a nanoparticle wasn't added after 24 time course. AGZ020, Nano silver, P-25, Sb and SnO nanoparticle showed hatching rate of 18%, 20%, 13%, 50% and 0% respectively by the 20mg/L density, and it became clear that a harmful effect is big, but I had a harmful effect compared with the opposition ward by 75%, 60%, 73% and 73% respectively by Ag-$TiO_2$, In, Sn and Zn nanoparticle, but a feeble thing was known relatively compared with AGZ020, Nano silver, P-25, Sb and SnO nanoparticle. The difference was mused this with the ingredient a nanoparticle has. Ag is included 2% and AGZ020, Nano silver and P-25 nanoparticle are used widely as anti-fungus agent, and the SnO nanoparticle which became combination is a light catalyst pill, and oxygen is used for a Sn particle. This and others, a possibility that use is generalized and flows into aquatic environment in sequence the home electronics, functionality cosmetics, anti-fungus agent and a light catalyst pill at present becomes high for nanoparticles and others. The anxiety which has an influence on the ecology world in the water with this can be generated, so I'd have to study the potential danger a nanoparticle has continuously.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.1209-1218
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to assure the possiblility of Achyranthes japonica Nakai for a cosmetic material. For this we examined the Anti-oxidation, Anti-inflammation, Anti-wrinkle effects of Achyranthes japonica Nakai extract. Each material is extracted from Achyranthes japonica Nakai roots(AJNR) and Achyranthes japonica Nakai stalks(AJNS) using 70% ethanol. We carried out Nitric oxide assay of the extract with cultured RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, And we conducted MMP-1 assay, Type I procollagen synthesis assay of the extract with cultured CCD-986sk fibroblast cells. After we measured ABTS+ assay and SOD assay of AJNR and AJNS, we knew that effect of anti-oxidant increased as their concentration get higher. The result of this study was that the antioxidant activity of AJNR and AJNS was similarly excellent and the anti-inflammatory activity of AJNR was significantly higher than AJNS. The MMP-1 inhibitory activity and Type I procollagen synthesis of AJNR and AJNS was generally excellent, AJNS had slightly better than AJNR. Therefore I thought it has the chance to play an imfortant role as a functional cosmetic material for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and wrinkle reduction effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.677-685
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• 2021

Cannabis sativa L. belongs to the Cannabaceae family and is an annual herbaceous flowing plant. The plants can be classified into narcotic marijuana and nonnarcotic hemp. Different parts of C. sativa L. have been used as food, medicine, cosmetics, fiber and textile. However, the use of leaf, flower, and seed of C. sativa L was forbidden in Korea in January 1977 as a result of the Cannabis Control Act due to the narcotic properties. The plant's mature stems have limited uses for the production of fiber and sheets. Recently, various cannabinoids, terpenes and essential fatty acids were identified from C. sativa L., and their safety and useful bio-activities, such as neuroprotective, anti-inflammation, antithrombosis, antiepileptic, and antimicrobial activities, and the relief of pain, have been highlighted. Furthermore, the process of reduction of tetrahydrocannabinol, a representative narcotic compound, and the isolation of cannabidiol, a nonnarcotic active compound in C. sativa L., have been determined. These findings resulted in the legalization of C. sativa L. in Korea for medical use in December 2018 and the exclusion of C. sativa L. from the narcotic list of the UN Commission on Narcotics Drugs (UNCND) in December 2020. Therefore, developments of various high-value added products have commenced worldwide. Additionally, in 2021, the Korean government deregulated special zones based on hemp. In this study, the current status and the prospect of the hemp industry, as well as essential techniques for developing new hemp products, are provided for the activation of the Korea Green-Rush.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.326-333
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• 2018

In this study, we identified methods to improve heat stability and skin permeability of functional protein biopolymers, such as growth factors, enzymes, and peptides. The biopolymers participate in cellular activation and catalytic functions in vivo. Therefore, when applied to cosmetics, their efficacies are expected to be helpful for skin care. However, they have disadvantages that include instability to heat and low skin permeability due to their high molecular weight. To overcome these problems, we searched for a composition that increases heat stability. Stability was improved using a polymeric humectant having a long polyethylene glycol length, compared with a mono-molecular structure humectant. Next, to enhance skin permeation, a permeation enhancing peptide was selected from a phage library. The permeation enhancing peptide can be commonly used to promote the permeation of growth factors, enzymes, and peptides. Screening was performed on the polymeric humectant formulation. One dominant peptide from the modified-screening method was identified. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the permeability of the peptide was better than that of the peptide developed through a screening system based on phosphate-buffered saline. The data indicate that the polymeric humectant formulation will be helpful for increasing the heat stability of protein ingredients and that skin permeability could be increased by a formulation-specific, penetration-enhancing peptide.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2019

Isomaltol glycoside is a hydrophilic furanic glycoside in which the amino acids and sugars of ginseng are thermally denatured during red ginseng production. Various skin whitening tests were conducted on isomaltol glycoside containing a lot of red ginseng extract in order to investigate the skin whitening effect as a cosmetic raw material. We have tested melanin content assay in B16-F10 cells, zebrafish embryo pigmentation assay, mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity, western blot analysis to determine skin whitening activity of isomaltol glycosides. In the zebrafish melanin content assay, isomaltol glycoside decreased total melanin content by about 20% and zebrafish tyrosinase activity by about 10% after treatment with 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ compared to the untreated control group. Isomaltol glycoside also showed a concentration-dependent decrease in melanin content in B16-F10 melanoma. Furthermore, it increased the expression of MITF phosphorylation factors p-AKT and p-ERK in B16-F10 melanoma and decreased the concentration of MITF. It also inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 expression. The content of isomaltol glycoside was about 3% in the ginseng extract and about 1% in the ginseng root. Thus, isomaltol glycoside is considered as one of the main components that exhibit the whitening activity of ginseng when considered quantitatively as whitening activity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2021

This study was to investigate the Taraxinic acid from Taraxacum coreanum on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. In B16BL6 cell, Taraxinic acid did not show cytotoxicity even at concentrations of up to 100 ㎍/mL. In addition, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanogenesis inhibitory activity were confirmed by stimulation with α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in the presence of taraxinic acid. Taraxinic acid was added to cells at concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 ㎍/mL and treated for 48 hours to confirm tyrosinase inhibitory activity and melanin production. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity increased in proportion to the amount of the sample, and showed an inhibitory activity of about 54.5% at a concentration of 50 ㎍/mL. Melanin production decreased in proportion to the sample amount, and it was about 62.2% at the concentration of 10 ㎍/mL. From the above results, it was found that Taraxinic acid had higher tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in melanocyte than arbutin. The results suggest that Taraxinic acid can be utilized in natural whitening cosmetics.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-269
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• 2020

Zeolite was synthesized hydrothermally using the water-treatment sludge, and the effects of various synthesis parameters like reaction temperature, reaction time, and Na2O/SiO2 molar ratio on the crystallization of zeolite were investigated. Crystal structure, physical property, and thermal stability of zeolite crystals were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, BET nitrogen adsorption, and TGA measurements. The removal efficiencies of nitrogen in ammonia, heavy metal ions, and TOC were calculated to evaluate zeolite's adsorption capacity. The primary chemical composition of water-treatment sludge was 28.79% Al2O3 and 27.06% SiO2. The zeolites were synthesized by merely employing the water-treatment sludge as silica and alumina sources without additional chemicals. Zeolite crystals synthesized through the water-treatment sludge were confirmed as an A-type zeolite structure. Zeolite A had the highest crystallinity obtained from a gel with the molar composition 2.1Na2O-Al2O3-1.6SiO2-65H2O after 5 h at a temperature of 90 ℃. The specific surface area of zeolite obtained was 55 ㎡ g-1, which was higher than commercial zeolite A. The removal efficiency of nitrogen in ammonia was 68% after 3 h of reaction time, while the removal efficiencies of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions were 99.1% and 99.3%, respectively. These results indicate active ion exchange between Pb2+ or Cd2+ ion and Na+ ion in the zeolite framework. The adsorption experiments on the different zeolite addition conditions were performed for 3 h with 300 ppm humic acid. Based on the results, TOC's highest efficiency was 83% when 5 g of zeolite was added.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1496-1506
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• 2020

This study was conducted as follows in order to find out the possibility of using (Chamaecyparis obtusa) by part as a cosmetic material. Chamaecyparis obtusa was separated leaves, bark, wood, and root, and extracted with 99.9% ethanol, and the antioxidant and whitening effects of the sample were confirmed. For this, the following studies were conducted. Antioxidant evaluation was confirmed by 1 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging activity. To evaluate the whitening effect, mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity evaluation and cytotoxicity evaluation of Chamaecyparis obtusa extract through MTT assay were conducted, and cellular tyrosinase inhibition rate was measured and melanin contents was confirmed. As a result of antioxidant activity, Bark extract among Chamaecyparis obtusa parts showed the best efficacy, and bark in B16F10 melanoma cell showed tyrosinase activity inhibition and melanin contents inhibitory effects. Therefore, it was confirmed that the ethanol extract of Chamaecyparis obtusa was developed as a natural material for safe and excellent whitening functional cosmetics.