• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2021

In this study, we investigated the biological functions of Grateloupia elliptica (G. elliptica) fermented with Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans). Total phenolic contents (TPC) of the hot-water extract of the fermented G. elliptica increased 2.7 folds than that of the non-fermented G. elliptica. Furthermore, total flavonoid contents of both the hot-water extract and the ethanol extract increased maximum 2.4 folds amounts than non-fermented G. elliptica extracts.HaCaT cells were induced inflammation treated with LPS (1 ㎍/mL) or H₂O₂ (1mM) and examined with 100 ㎍/mL of G. elliptica extracts. The extraction of the fermented G. elliptica increased HaCaT cell proliferation in the maximum 10% than non-fermented G. elliptica extraction. Furthermore, investigating changes in protein expression associated with inflammation resulted in a significant reduction in the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and 70 kDa heat shock proetin. Conclusively, the extracts of G. elliptica fermented with A. pullulans have bioactive functions both anti-oxidant to protect environmental stresses and anti-inflammation activity. Hence, G. elliptica fermented with A. pullulans would be a good natural resource as bioactive ingredients for cosmetics. Therefore, G. elliptica fermented with A. pullulans is useful as a astringent material with anti-inflammatory skin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.938-944
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• 2018

This study evaluated tyrosinase, elastase inhibitory, and antioxidant activities of fermented Rhododendron micranthum Turcz. extract using a lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus. The optimum conditions for fermentation of R. micranthum Turcz. extract were $37^{\circ}C$ and 3% R. micranthum Turcz. extract for 3 days based on the bacterial cell number, total phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activity. After culture for 3 days using 3% R. micranthum Turcz. extract, the cell mass of L. rhamnosus reached $5.7{\times}10^9CFU/ml$. The results indicated that R. micranthum Turcz. extract can be used for industrial lactic acid bacteria culture. After fermentation under optimum conditions, the total content of phenolic compounds of the fermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract was 157 GAE mg/ml, and the $IC_{50s}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effects were 78.8, 79.8, 329.1, and $449.5{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The fermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract exhibited 1.2-, 1.3-, 1.5-, 2.4-, and 5.6-fold higher total content of phenolic compounds, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory effects than the nonfermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract. These results indicated that fermented R. micranthum Turcz. extract using L. rhamnosus can be used for developing new natural functional ingredients for the health food or cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.517-522
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• 2012

In this study, not only making an effort to find a solution for sewage and wastewater treatment, but also demonstrating a feasibility of wastewater disposal process which is treated with the cohesion and adsorption mechanism of sewage and wastewater using quartz porphyry and zeolite, which is a domestic natural resource. By using a jar test, we evaluated removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ after reation. According to the result of experiment, when we injected 400~1,200 g/L of quartz porphyry and zeolite into a sewage as a coagulant, there was no difference of the rejection rates of $COD_{Cr}$, however, when quartz porphyry and zeolite, which were sintered at $600^{\circ}C$, were treated into urban sewage, removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$ had increased by about 15%, 3% respectively. In addition, we applied into a cosmetic tissue wastewater by using mixture of quartz porphyry and natural zeolite in order to analyze the applicability of other wastewater as well as Municipal Sewage.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2017

Background: We investigated the antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 70% ethanol extract, and its fractions, of the root of Rumex japonicus HOUTT. Methods and Results: The total phenolic compound contents of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 168.99 mg/g and 651.78 mg/g, respectively. The antioxidant activity was compared through the DPPH radical and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assays. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest DPPH radical and NO scavenging abilities, which confirmed the antioxidant activity. Specifically, the ethyl acetate fraction showed a higher DPPH radical scavenging ability than ascorbic acid. These results were related to the total phenolic compound content of the ethyl acetate fraction. Moreover, in the tyrosinase inhibition assay, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited stronger inhibitory activity than arbutin, which was used as the positive control. The cell viability of L929 cells was analyzed by MTT assay after treatment with 70% ethanol extract and all fractions; no changes in viability were observed, which demonstrated the nontoxic nature of the extract and fractions. Conclusions: These results suggested that the extract from the root of R. japonicus and its ethyl acetate fraction could be a novel resource for the development of a cosmetic with antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.351-355
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• 2007

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound with antioxidative property, was purified from the grape's twig to be used as functional additives of food and/or cosmetics. Extraction of the grape's twig was performed using 80% ethanol in ultrasonic extractor for 60 min. The crude extract was purified up to 99% after elution through silica gel open column chromatography. The stability of the purified resveratrol was as follows: a half life of 90 days at 40$^{\circ}C$ and 60 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. A sensory test of the commercial grape juice including the 1-10 ppm of purified resveratrol showed better preference than the grape juice without purified resveratrol additive. Color and smell test showed no difference between the samples. The grape twig can be used as a valuable resource for the extraction of resveratrol, which would be added to nutraceutical and cosmetic products.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.748-753
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• 2013

Background Nasal reconstruction is one of the most difficult challenges for the head and neck surgeon, especially in the case of complex full thickness defects following malignant skin tumor resection. Full-thickness defects require demanding multi-step reconstruction. Methods Seven patients underwent surgical reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects with a bi-pedicled forehead flap shaped appropriately to the defect. Patients were aged between 58 and 86 years, with a mean age of 63.4 years. All of the tumors were excised using traditional surgery, and in 4 of the patients, reconstruction was performed simultaneously following negativity of fresh frozen sections of the margins under general anesthesia. Results Nasal reconstruction was well accepted by all of the patients suffering non-melanoma skin tumors with acceptable cosmetic outcomes. The heart-shaped forehead flap was harvested in cases of subtotal involvement of the nasal pyramid, while smaller defects were reconstructed with a wing-shaped flap. No cartilaginous or osseous support was necessary. Conclusions This bi-pedicled forehead flap was a valid, versatile, and easy-to-implement alternative to microsurgery or multi-step reconstruction. The flap is the best indication for full-thickness nasal defects but can also be indicated for other complex facial defects in the orbital (exenteratio orbitae), zygomatic, and cheek area, for which the availability of a flap equipped with two thick and hairless lobes can be a valuable resource.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

Sophora japonica has been used for treatment of liver and blood-related diseases in herbology. We evaluated whitening activities of Sophorae Flos and Fructus. Sophorae Flos and Fructus were extracted with methanol (MeOH) and divided into petroleum ether, ethyl acetate(EtOAC) and water fraction. For whitening effect by western blot in B16 F10 cells, we analyzed it by investigating the effect of tyrosinase, TRP-l (tyrosinase-related protein 1), TRP-2 (tyrosinase-related protein 2) and MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) protein expression. The protein expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF in B16 F10 cells treated with Sophorae Flos and Fructus extract were reduced in a dose-dependant manner. Therefore, these results suggest that Sophorae Flos and Fructus have useful plant resource to be developed as functional cosmetic.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

In 2004, India began investing in the clinical trial industry; the country now boasts a 20% market share with the help of a valuable resource - the world's second largest population. The Contract Research Organization has been able to generate profits efficiently conducting clinical trials via a large pool of participants, skilled researchers, and reduced developmental costs. As the demand and sheer number of global clinical trials increased, the International Council of Harmonization-Good Clinical Practice was introduced, and the need for the Institutional Review Board increased. While the clinical trial industry in India boomed, it came at the expense of the participants' civil rights. The increased media attention regarding the ethical issues forced the Indian Supreme Court to take action. Consequently, India is the only country, by law, that specifically compensates participants suffering from injury directly resulting from participation in clinical trials. This research paper will describe and compare the relevant laws of India and Korea including compensation criteria. In addition, the ethical issues and aspects of indemnity in clinical trials will be discussed. While the clear advantage of the compensation is one of the protected rights of a clinical subject, the current system is not perfect. Furthermore, laws created to redeem ethical issues can have unintended, negative consequences.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.79-85
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was aimed at producing emulsion by using butanol fractions of Sanguisorbae radix(SRA-B) which have high antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions, and then evaluating stabilities of the emulsion. Methods : We measured antioxidant efficacy of SRA-B by using DPPH assay. Also, we checked the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) by using the Western blot to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of SRA-B3. We prepared emulsion containing SRA-B3(E-SRA-B3) and analysed its particle size distribution under a microscope. Also, we performed the test for stability of the emulsion. Results : SRA-B3 showed the highest efficacy in electronic donating abilities' activity. The Western blot's results indicated that the protein expression's amount of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophage stimulated by LPS were reduced by SRA-B3 treatment. The average particle size of E-SRA-B3 was $5{\sim}6{\mu}m$ in diameter and was $6.7{\mu}m$ in a view of the particle distribution. For a period of a observation, E-SRA-B3 has not made particular changes with storage temperature. It was observed that E-SRA-B3 could preserve its stable condition without a particular difference of viscosity during 28 days. Conclusions : From the above results, it was confirmed that SRA-B3 has potentiality enough to be applied to industrialization and could be utilized as antioxidative natural materials and anti-inflammatory cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.442-453
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• 2022

Various animal models have been used to study the efficacy and action mechanisms of human diseases and medicines. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is increasingly and successfully used as a model in translational research on human diseases. We obtained necessary information from original peer reviewed articles published in scientific 54 journals, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus scince their inception until Dec, 2020 using the following terms: zebrafish animal models, herbal medicine, in vivo screening. In this review, we discuss the recent contributions of the various zebrafish disease models to study of herbal medicines. We focused on cancer, eye diseases, vascular diseases, diabetes and its complications, and cosmetic dermatology. We also highlight the molecular action mechanisms of medicines against these disease, demonstrated using zebrafish embryo. Zebrafish can be pivotal in bridging the gap from lab to clinical bedside. It is used as a model to understand human diseases pathogenies with further scope for drug development. Furthermore, zebrafish can reduce rat and mouse animals in biomedical research.