• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

Persistent cloaca in a female newborn is one of the most complex and challenging anorectal malformation. The incidence is about 10% of all anorectal anomalies. Treatment of cloacal malformations has evolved during the past 40 years. However, it still remains one of the most difficult operations. In 1997, Pena reported a new procedure called "Total urogenital mobilization". We have repaired 3 cases of cloacal anomaly using "Total urogenital mobilization". The operations were performed between age 15 and 28 months. The length of the common channels was 2.5 - 3.0 cm. Two cases had double vaginas and one of them also had double uterus. The operation time was 4-5 hours and no major complications occurred. Functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2022

Severe temporal hollowing deformities can occur in patients who undergo craniectomy after intracranial hemorrhage. Reconstruction surgery for cosmetic purposes using silicone implants in patients with temporal hollowing deformities after craniectomy is advantageous because the procedure is simple and rapid, with a short recovery time, resulting in lower overall treatment costs. Of paramount importance, this option yields highly satisfactory results for patients. The authors present three cases of simple and fast surgery using silicone implants where highly satisfactory outcomes were obtained.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present the clinical analysis of the results and our experience of the replantation surgery of the great toe. Materials and Methods: Between March 1995 and December 2002, twelve great toes, amputated from the distal phalanx to proximal phalanx were replanted. The complete types were 5 cases and incomplete types were 7 cases. The guillotine injuries were 4 cases and the crushing injuries were 8 cases. Results: Replantation in eleven out of the twelve amputations survived. The cases of revision were 3 cases due to venous thrombosis. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 2.2 years. The mean total active motion of the first MTP joint was $80^{\circ}$. The fusion of IP joint was carried in 7 cases due to the amputation of the IP joint level. The shortening of the replanted great toes was present, with average 0.9cm. The two point discrimination was 7-8mm except 2 cases with loss of nerve. Conclusion: Although replantation of the great toe remains to be controversial, replantation of the great toe should be considered in well-motivated patients because successful replantation regains an important component of the foot and good functional, cosmetic results.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2007

Objective : This report describes the clinical study of the surgical method of lateral third infraclavicular implantation of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) generator through the axillary wrinkle incision. Methods : In a retrospective study, the data for 20 patients with medically intractable epilepsy treated by this approach were examined. The mean age was 31.4 years (range : 14-50), and the mean follow-up period was 12.15 months (range : 4-21 months). The male to female ratio was 2.3 : 1. The subcutaneous pocket for the generator was located in the lateral third infraclavicular area through the axillary wrinkle. Our method was a modification of the standard VNS generator implantation in the mid-infraclavicular pocket through anterior axillary incision. Results : There were the excellent or good cosmetic satisfaction in 95% of the cases and fair in 5%. The generator was located outside the lung field in 15%, periphery of the lung field in 45%, and crossed over the lung field in 40%. Discomfort from shoulder motion occurred transiently in 35% of cases. Other complications were minimal. Conclusion : These results demonstrate that the lateral third infraclavicular apporach will offers cosmetic benefits and reduction of obscuration of the lung field without serious complications. Thus, this technique provides an attractive alternative among the surgical techniques for the vagal nerve stimulation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.343-349
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• 2020

This study is cases study of sustainable eco-friendly cosmetics packages. The importance of eco-friendly packages has been increasing as environmental issues have recently emerged around the world. Domestic cosmetics industry are releasing sustainable package designs with these changes, but they are limited. In this study, sustainable package criteria were divided and analyzed based on each of the five prior studies of domestic and foreign cases. Studies have confirmed that there is no diversity in the materials and designs of sustainable packages in Korea compared with other countries. Also, it could be seen that there was the lack of consumer-led eco-friendly campaigns. Starting point of research, it is expected that this study may help continue to study better sustainable cosmetics packages in the future.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.266-272
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• 2023

Background: In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of perioral vascular complications resulting from filler injections, such as necrosis of the lip or alar rim, occlusion, and in severe cases, blindness. Conversely, the use of perioral arterial flaps is becoming more prevalent in the treatment of cleft lips, cancer, and trauma. A thorough understanding of perioral arteries is essential to minimize complications and maximize the success of these flaps. However, the course of the facial artery (FA) in the perioral region remains incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to describe the variations of the FA in the perioral region. Methods: We dissected 52 embalmed and formaldehyde-fixed Vietnamese cadavers. We then studied the size and distribution of perioral arteries in 102 specimens. Results: The superior labial artery (SLA) was the most common branch, occurring in 87.25% of cadavers, followed by the inferior labial artery (ILA) at 78.43%. The SLA primarily originated above the mouth corner (cheilion), accounting for 91.01% of cases, and predominantly exhibited a tortuous course within the submucosa (78.65%). The ILA's branching pattern varied, but it was primarily located below the cheilion (91.25%). The ILA also followed a twisted path, generally within the submucosa. The ILA exhibited two patterns: the typical pattern, distributed at the vermilion border of the lower lip (8.82%), and the horizontal labiomental artery pattern, which ran horizontally in the middle of the lower lip area (69.61%). At their origin, the SLA and ILA had average external diameters of 1.29 mm and 1.28 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Numerous anatomical variations in the FA in the perioral region were found. A detailed anatomic description, suggested landmarks, and angiography before the procedure will be useful to help doctors avoid complications.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.371-378
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• 2020

Background: In this study, the radix of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge extract fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Weissella cibaria, and Pediococcus pentosaceus to increase the levels of isoflavonoid aglycone contents. Methods and Results: In order to change the in isoflavonoids, we fermented the radix of A. membranaceus extracts with microorganisms that have β-glucosidase activity. Besed on the β-glucosidase activity, we selected three strains, Weissella cibaria, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. HPLC analysis revealed that the levels of isoflavonoid aglycones were increased in all fermentation cases, and the extracts fermented by S. cerevisiae showed the highest levels of isoflavonoid aglycones. We evaluated the antioxidant activity, anti-wrinkle effects and whitening effects of the S. cerevisiae-fermented extracts using the DPPH assay, tyrosinase inhibition activity assay, and collagenase inhibition activity assay. We confirmed higher activity in S. cerevisiae-fermented extracts than in control, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of 565.1 ± 59.1 ㎍/㎖ in DPPH radical scavenging activity, tyrosinase inhibition rate of 78.4 ± 0.9%, and collagenase inhibition rate of 83.8 ± 1.1%. Conclusions: We selected three stains of microorganisms showing high β-glucosidase activity, W. cibaria, P. pentosaceus and S. cerevisiae. Isoflavonoid glycones in the radix of A. membranaceus were converted to isoflavonoid aglycones by fermentation. In addition, the fermented radix of A. membranaceus exhibited antioxidant activity, anti-wrinkle effect, whitening effect and radical scavenging activity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2009

Purpose: Soft tissue defect of anterior chest wall is caused by trauma, infection, tumors and irradiation. To reconstruct damaged anterior chest wall does require to consider the patient's body condition, the cause, the location, the depth and the size of deletion, the circulation of surrounding tissue and minimization of functional and cosmetic disability. In this report, we suggest the algorithm of configuration for reconstruction methods. Methods: A retrospective study of 20 patients who underwent anterior chest wall reconstruction with pedicled musculocutaneous flap and fasciocutaneous flap was conducted. We collected the information of the patient's body condition, the cause, the size, the depth and the location of deletion, implemented flap and complication. We observed and evaluated flap compatibility, functional and cosmetic results. Patients completed survey about the extent to their satisfaction. Result: Follow up period after surgery was from 6 to 26 months, survival of flap were confirmed in all of patients' case. Two cases of local necrosis, one case of wound disruption were reported, but all these were cured by the debridement and primary closure. One hematoma and one seroma formation were observed in donor site. Longer surgery time, more bleeding amount and more transfusion volume were reported in the group of musculocutenous flap. Conclusion: Long term follow up result showed the successful reconstruction in all patients without recurrence and with minimal donor site morbidity. In addition, the patients' satisfaction for cosmetic and functional results were scaled relatively higher. This confirmed the importance of reconstruction algorithm for the chest wall reconstruction.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.40-56
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is to analyze the patterns on consuming basic skin makeup products of female college students, and to provide basic information to understand the patterns of ordinary consumers. The survey was included 283 female students from 5 colleges located in metropolitan area of Seoul. The survey data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Duncan test, T-test, chi-scuare-test methods. The results are as follows : 1. 60% of the college students of metropolitan area are doing basic skin makeup for aesthetic reasons in most cases, eye makeup is regarded the most important part, so 92% students have experienced to buy imported cosmetic products because of it's better absorption to skin. 2. Significant correlations were found between the skin types and dissatisfaction about foundation after using. 3. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and makeup extent, grade and the reasons why they use imported products. 4. According to demographic variables, significant correlations were found between grade and foundation types used, monthly average living expense and purchasing channels, grade and purchasing channels, price level of the currently using face powder and monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic products and level of wealth, price level of the currently using foundation and monthly average living expense. 5. According to demographic variables, significant differences were found in monthly average living expense, monthly average spending for cosmetic product, mother's job, grade.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.742-748
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• 2010

Purpose: The method of using ultrasound-assisted liposuction and excision of the remaining glandular tissue is the preferred method for treating gynecomastia and is currently used worldwide. Herein, this article described the role of ultrasound-assisted liposuction before a surgical excision in the treatment of gynecomastia. The cosmetic results were objectively evaluated. Methods: 11 patients (22 breasts) underwent ultrasoundassisted liposuction and suction-assisted lipectomy between April 2007 and January 2009. At the end of the liposuction, the remaining glandular tissue was removed through the incision used for liposuction. We evaluated the cosmetic results using ordinary scale methods on the basis of four categories (recurrence, symmetry, contour irregularity, and scar). Results: The volume of aspirates ranged between 50 and 200 cc per breast and the average weight of tissue removed by excision was 65g per breast. No complications were recorded. Regarding the cosmetic evaluation, the recurrence, contour irregularity, and scar were excellent, the symmetry was good, and the overall results represented all those cases were mostly excellent. Conclusion: Ultrasound-assisted liposuction has many advantages in the treatment of gynecomastia. When excising the remaining glandular tissue, bleeding is decreased by the use of a tumescent technique. The glandular tissue is easily mobilized and excised after being "morselized" with ultrasound-assisted liposuction. The glandular tissue is simply dissected via the suction surface. Compared the residual mound of glandular tissue beneath the nipple and areola to the periphery, it facilitates precise control of the excision.