• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2023

Centralized hierarchical routing protocols are often used to solve the problems of uneven energy consumption and short network life in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering and cluster head election have become the focuses of WSNs. In this paper, an energy balanced clustering routing algorithm optimized by sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is proposed. Firstly, optimal cluster head number per round is determined according to surviving node, and the candidate cluster head set is formed by selecting high-energy node. Secondly, a random population with a certain scale is constructed to represent a group of cluster head selection scheme, and fitness function is designed according to inter-cluster distance. Thirdly, the SCA algorithm is improved by using monotone decreasing convex function, and then a certain number of iterations are carried out to select a group of individuals with the minimum fitness function value. From simulation experiments, the process from the first death node to 80% only needs about 30 rounds. This improved algorithm balances the energy consumption among nodes and avoids premature death of some nodes. And it greatly improves the energy utilization and extends the effective life of the whole network.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.2-4
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• 2021

In a distributed machine learning system, sharing gradients was considered safe because it did not share original training data. However, recent studies found that malicious attacker could completely restore the original training data from shared gradients. Gradient Leakage Attack is a technique that restoring original training data by exploiting theses vulnerability. In this study, we present the image transformation method based on Discrete Cosine Transform to defend against the Gradient Leakage Attack on the federated learning setting, which training in local devices and sharing gradients to the server. Experiment shows that our image transformation method cannot be completely restored the original data from Gradient Leakage Attack.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.80-92
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• 2008

Many predominant video coding tools in terms of coding efficiency were adopted in the latest video coding standard, H.264/AVC. Regardless of development of these predominant video coding tools such as the variable block-size motion estimation/compensation, intra prediction based on various directions, and so on, the discrete cosine transform has been continuously used starting from the early video coding standards. Generally, the correlation coefficient of the residual signal is usually less than 0.5 when this residual signal is actually encoded. In this interval of correlation coefficient, the discrete cosine transform does not show the optimal coding gain, and the discrete sine transform which is a sub-optimal transform when the correlation coefficient is in the interval from -0.5 to 0.5 can be used in conjunction with the discrete cosine transform in the video coding. In this paper, an alternative transform that alternatively uses the discrete sine transform and integer cosine transform in H.264/AVC by using rate-distortion optimization is proposed. The proposed method achieves a BD-PSNR gain of up to 0.71 dB compared to H.264/AVC JM 10.2 at relatively high bitrates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1986.10a
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• pp.133-136
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• 1986

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1996.06a
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• pp.472-476
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1985.10a
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• pp.113-117
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• 1985

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-99
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• 1989

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.374-385
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• 2003

The growing interest towards ultra-wideband (UWB) communications stems from its unique features such as baseband operation, ample multipath diversity, and the potential of enhanced user capacity. But since UWB has to overlay existing narrowband systems, multiple access has to be achieved in the presence of narrowband interference (NBI). However, existing baseband spreading codes for UWB multiple access are not flexible in handling NBI. In this paper, we introduce two novel spreading codes that not only enable baseband UWB multiple access, but also facilitate flexible NBI cancellation. We construct our codes using a single carrier or multiple carriers (SC or MC), which can be implemented with standard discrete-cosine transform (DCT) circuits. With our SC/MC codes, NBI can be avoided by simply nulling undesired digital carriers. Being digital, these SC/MC codes give rise to multiband UWB systems, without invoking analog carriers. In addition, our SC/MC codes enable full multipath diversity, and maximum coding gains. Equally attractive is their capability to reduce the number of interfering users, with simple matched filter operations. Comprehensive simulations are also carried out to corroborate our analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.302-305
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• 2005

Recently, many methods to analyze signal have been proposed and representative methods are the Fourier transform and wavelet transform. In these methods, the Fourier transform represents signal with combination cosine and sine at all locations in the frequency domain. However, it doesn't provide time information that particular frequency occurs in signal and denpends on only the global feature of the signal. So, to improve these points the wavelet transform which is capable of multiresolution analysis has been applied to many fields such as speech processing, image processing and computer vision. And the wavelet transform, which uses changing window according to scale parameter, presents time-frequency localization. In this paper, we proposed a new approach using a wavelet of cosine and sine type and analyzed features of signal in a limited point of frequency-time plane.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.407-409
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• 1999

블록의 DCT계수를 이용하여 동영상 움직임 탐색(motion estimation)에서 탐색점 수를 결정하는 선택적 탐색 기법을 제안한다. DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)에서 탐색점 수를 결정하는 선택적 탐색 기법을 제안한다. DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) 연산과 블록정합 기법인 3단게 탐색기법을 기반으로 한다. DCT 연산 결과인 블록의 주파수성분에 가중치테이블을 적용하여 고주파성분을 많이 가진 블록일수록 탐색점의 수를 증가시켜 국부극소에 빠질 확률을 줄여 화질을 개선한다. MP@ML 영상테이터에 대해 제안된 기법을 사용하여 시뮬레이션하였다. 제안하는 기법은 3단계 탐색기법에 비하여 연산량은 증가하나, 연산량 증가에 비하여 좋은 화질을 제공한다.