• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1127-1131
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• 2004

In a bioassay-guided search for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Korean natural resources, four isoquinoline alkaloids, corynoxidine (1), protopine (2), palmatine (3), and berberine (4) have been isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Corydalis speciosa. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic techniques. These compounds inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the $IC_50$ values of compounds 1-4 were 89.0, 16.1, 5.8, and 3.3 $\mu$ M, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2002

Seasonal occurrence and visiting flowers species of overwintered bumblebee queens were investigated during the spring season of 2000. A total of 1,277 overwintered bumblebee queens were collected, consisting of seven species of Bombus and one species of Psithyrus. The dominant species were Bombus ardens Smith and Bombus ignitus Smith. The heydays of their occuring season were the early April for B. ardens and the second half of the May for B. ignitus. B. ignitus was mainly collected on Prunus yedoensis Matsumura and Corydalis speciosa Min, and B. ardens on the Rhodldendron mucronulatum Turcz and Prunus yedoensis.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.344-353
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• 2020

Plants native in Korea have not only ornamental values but also have excellent environmental adaptability, so they can be used as garden plants. Studies on proper volumetric water content (VWC) of substrates have been reported, but many have been conducted in glasshouse conditions where environmental factors were controlled. When considering garden planting, it is necessary to perform the automated irrigation system in outdoor conditions where rainfall occurs at frequent intervals. This research aimed to investigate the VWC suitable for the growth of Minuartia laricina, Arenaria juncea, and Corydalis speciosa in open filed. Sandy soil which consisted of particles of weathered rock was used, and the VWC of 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30 ㎥·m^-3 was maintained using an automated irrigation system with capacitance soil moisture sensors and a data logger. No significant differences in growth and antioxidant enzymes activity of A. juncea were observed among VWC treatments. However, the survival rate was low at VWC 0.30 ㎥·m^-3 treatment, which was the highest soil moisture content. Even considering the efficiency of water use, we recommended that VWC 0.15-0.20 ㎥·m^-3 is suitable for the cultivation of A. juncea. Minuartia laricina showed better growth with lower VWC. Because of frequent rainfall in open field, plant volume and survival rate was high even in VWC 0.15 ㎥·m^-3 treatment. In C. speciosa, the plant height, number of shoots and lateral shoots, and fresh and dry weight were higher in plants grown in VWC 0.25 ㎥·m^-3 as compared with that in the plants grown at 0.15, 0.20, and 0.30 ㎥·m^-3. Based on these results, M. laricina needed less water in open filed, and A. juncea and C. speciosa required higher VWC, but excessive water should be avoided.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.62-75
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• 2022

Background: Pollinators help plants to reproduce and support economically valuable food for humans and entire ecosystems. However, declines of pollinators along with population growth and increasing agricultural activities hamper this mutual interaction. Nectar and pollen are the major reward for pollinators and flower morphology and volatiles mediate the specialized plant-pollinator interactions. Limited information is available on the volatile profiles attractive to honey bees and bumblebees. In this study we analyzed the volatile organic compounds of the flowers of 9 different plant species that are predominantly visited by honey bees and bumblebees. The chemical compositions of the volatiles were determined using a head space gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, designed to understand the plant-pollinator chemical interaction. Results: Results showed the monoterpene 1,3,6-octatriene, 3,7-dimethyl-, (E) (E-𝞫-ocimene) was the dominating compound in most flowers analyzed, e.g., in proportion of 60.3% in Lonicera japonica, 48.8% in Diospyros lotus, 38.4% Amorpha fruticosa and 23.7% in Robinia pseudoacacia. Ailanthus altissima exhibited other monoterpenes such as 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol (𝞫-linalool) (39.1%) and (5E)-3,5-dimethylocta-1,5,7-trien-3-ol (hotrienol) (32.1%) as predominant compounds. Nitrogen containing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were occurring principally in Corydalis speciosa; 1H-pyrrole, 2,3-dimethyl- (50.0%) and pyrimidine, 2-methyl- (40.2%), and in Diospyros kaki; 1-triazene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyl (40.5%). Ligustrum obtusifolium flower scent contains isopropoxycarbamic acid, ethyl ester (21.1%) and n-octane (13.4%) as major compounds. In Castanea crenata the preeminent compound is 1-phenylethanone (acetophenone) (46.7%). Conclusions: Olfactory cues are important for pollinators to locate their floral resources. Based on our results we conclude monoterpenes might be used as major chemical mediators attractive to both honey bees and bumblebees to their host flowers. However, the mode of action of these chemicals and possible synergistic effects for olfaction need further investigation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.363-372
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the site and growth characteristics of dominating Cornus controversa in the hardwood stands at Mt. Gariwang and Mt. Joongwang area located in Pyungchang-gun, Kangwon-do. The C. controversa was mainly distributed at the rather steep slope and aspect facing from northeast to northwest, and altitudes ranging from 800 to 1,100m. The C. controversa grew at relatively deep A soil layer with high moisture and nutrients. Major competing species in upper stories were Quercus mongolica, Acer mandshuricum, Salix hulteni, Acer pictum, and herb plants such as Polystichum tripteron, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Meehania urticifolia, Pseudostellaria pahbiniana, Ligularia fischeri, Impatiens noli-tangere, Corydalis speciosa in the floor. The average annual diameter growth of C. controversa according to the altitude was $4.06({\pm}0.90)mm$ below 900m, $2.51({\pm}0.65)mm$ from 900 to 1,000m, $3.28({\pm}0.12)mm$ from 1,000m to 1,100m and $2.81({\pm}0.35)mm$ above 1,100m. Good annual growth was shown at northwest site, but no difference due to micro-topography.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.188-194
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• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the optimum cultivation conditions of wild ornamental plant resources, Dicentra spectabilis L. The altitude of the habitat was ranged from 630m to 690m in Mt. Gujeol. Most of the habitat faced toward the northeast aspect and the gradient was ranged from 25 to 33 degrees. The light intensity of Dicentra community was 14,000lux on the average, and it was tendency to decrease by foliation of other woody plants. The appearance number of Dicentra per quadrat was 30 individuals on the average, and total appearance species in all quadrat surveyed was 52 taxa. Among them, Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Corylus heterophylla, Cornus controversa, woody plants, Corydalis speciosa, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Artemisia keiskeana, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Arisaema amurense var. serratum, Carex siroumensis, and Chloranthus japonicus, herbaceous plants, were showed as dominant species. Soil acidity in the habitat was 5.15 to 5.96, and average content of soil moisture was 32.6%. The contents of average organic matter, $P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg were 1.99%, 14mg/kg, 0.55me/100g, 15.2me/100g, and 3.3me/100g, respectively. Electron conductivity was ranged from 0.50 to 0.76dS/m. Also, the average air temperature of May and June was 14.2$^{\circ}C$ and 19.4$^{\circ}C$, respectively.