• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.421-424
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• 2007

Two patients, one with glioblastoma multiforme [GM] in the right thalamus and the other with meningioma at the right frontal convexity, had suffered bilateral cortical blindness after transtentorial herniation. On one of those patients, bilateral cortical blindness had occurred due to acute obstructive hydrocephalus caused by GM and on the other patient, cortical blindness had developed after acute hemorrhage from meningioma. Bilateral occipital lobes of those patients showed signal change on the brain magnetic resonance image [MRI]. There were no ophthalmologic abnormalities on fundoscopy and ophthalmologic examination. After recovery of consciousness, cortical blindness was detected in both patients, and during gradual recovery period, visual function was slowly recovered. The pattern of visual evoked potential [VEP] at 7 weeks and 12 weeks after herniation was normalized gradually. Cortical blindness due to herniation was reversible, even though the high signals of bilateral visual cortex still existed on MRI 16 month later in case 2.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2002

Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a well accepted and effective treatment for massive and recurrent hemoptysis. However, several complications of BAE have been reported. Cortical blindness is defined as a loss of vision caused by bilateral occipital lobe lesions with normal pupillary light reflexes and a normal fundus. The reported incidence of transient cortical blindness(TCB) after cerebrovertebral angiography is approximately 1%. Two cases of TCB after BAE were found from a Medline search. Here, we report another case of TCB who was treated with BAE for a massive hemoptysis.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2021

West syndrome (WS) presenting with infantile spasms, developmental delay, and hypsarrhythmia has genetic etiology in some patients. Movement disorders or visual impairment that share genetic underpinnings with infantile spasms can provide diagnostic clues for specific genetic mutations. Mutations of the GRIN1 gene encoding the glutamate receptor inotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate subunit can result in WS with hyperkinetic movements, cortical visual impairment, autistic features, and bilateral polymicrogyria. An 11-month-old boy with WS showed hyperkinetic movements and visual impairment. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and metabolic investigations revealed no abnormalities. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel likely pathogenic variant (c.1561_1563del; p.Asn521del) of GRIN1 (NM_007327.3). The proband was treated with vigabatrin and became seizure-free within one week. Notably, the cortical blindness improved within 3 months and the hyperkinetic movements resolved one year after the proband became seizure-free. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of GRIN1 encephalopathy in Koreans.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.474-483
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• 2019

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular leakage via activation of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2). This study was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic mechanisms and effects of the tetrapeptide Arg-Leu-Tyr-Glu (RLYE), a VEGFR2 inhibitor, in the development of vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). In cultured human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), treatment with RLYE blocked VEGF-A-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2, Akt, ERK, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to suppression of VEGF-A-mediated hyper-production of NO. Treatment with RLYE also inhibited VEGF-A-stimulated angiogenic processes (migration, proliferation, and tube formation) and the hyperpermeability of HRMECs, in addition to attenuating VEGF-A-induced angiogenesis and vascular permeability in mice. The anti-vascular permeability activity of RLYE was correlated with enhanced stability and positioning of the junction proteins VE-cadherin, ${\beta}$-catenin, claudin-5, and ZO-1, critical components of the cortical actin ring structure and retinal endothelial barrier, at the boundary between HRMECs stimulated with VEGF-A. Furthermore, intravitreally injected RLYE bound to retinal microvascular endothelium and inhibited laser-induced CNV in mice. These findings suggest that RLYE has potential as a therapeutic drug for the treatment of CNV by preventing VEGFR2-mediated vascular leakage and angiogenesis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.97-101
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• 1983

The steadily increasing number of operations performed on the heart has given rise to occasional complications involving the nervous system, and this has been interested to cardiac surgeons and neurologists. This survey has been carried out on all Gases submitted to open heart surgery at Seoul National University Hospital during 1982 to determine which operative features were associated with the occurrence of neurological damage. 514 subjects were studied and neurological damage was noted in twenty-five patients [4.9%]. Eight of these 25 patients died in the postoperative period, but neurological damage contributed to the fatal outcome in six cases. Remaining seventeen patients were discharged without problems except one Cortical blindness and one hemiplegic patients who were survived without other problems . A number of features were found to be related to the development of neurological damage, which were age, duration of perfusion, nature of operation, cardiac rhythm and presence of the thrombi or calcification and hypothermic arrest. But many unknown etiological factors are remained out of our sight. A significant increase in the incidence of neurological damage was shown in older age group [13.3% in over 40 year of age], and also the duration of the bypass was associated with subsequent neurological injury especially more than 120 minutes [11.6%]. The presence of atrial fibrillation with intracardiac thrombi or calcification was also a contributing factor to developing neurological complication [16.7%]. These factors were regarded to influence the postoperative neurological complications and more effective method for prevention of these neurologic complication should be studied.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2018

Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Late-onset GBS disease commonly manifests as occult bacteremia or meningitis. Approximately 50% of survivors of late-onset meningitis have long-term neurologic sequelae. Cerebrovascular complications are often associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes of GBS meningitis. There have been a few reports of cerebral infarction accompanied by GBS meningitis. We report a 29-day-old girl with severe, widespread cerebral infarction due to late-onset GBS meningitis. Isolated GBS strain from this patient was serotype III, ST-19. Currently, she has cortical blindness and significant developmental delay.