• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.79-82
• /
• 2010

Three types of leaf domatia; Pocket (P), Tufts (T) and Tufts-Pocket (TP) were observed in the five species of Cornus namely; Cornus kousa, C. controversa, C. officinalis, C. walteri and C. alba. In C. walteri no tufts were observed, the domatia was just a well developed pocket one. In C. officinalis and C. kousa, tufts domatia of brownish color were observed but C. officinalis developed denser tufts than those observed in C. kousa. Unlike in C. kousa where the domatia covered about only 1/2 of the axil, in the C. officinalis tufts covered almost 3/4 of the axil. In both species the tufts domatia were located in the inner side of the leaf axil. In C. controversa and C. alba whitish colored tufts were observed covering Pockets and hence the Tuft Pocket domatia. In C. controversa the tufts were more than in C. alba but in both species the tufts were short and were located in the inner sides of the axil. Thus, based on these physiological features it was concluded that C. officinalis and C. kousa are sister species likewise C. controversa and C. alba while C. walteri belong to another lineage. The advancement of domatia (absence of tufts) in C. walteri suggests that they are the most advanced while C. officinalis and C. kousa the most primitive due to their possession of highly developed tufts and C. controversa and C. alba the intermediates.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.155-158
• /
• 2019

Cornus alba (CA) geographically distributes in Korea, Japan, Northeast China and Russia. The cornus species have been used traditionally as anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and diuretic in Korea. Previously, it was reported CA and its separated components have excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-prostate cancer efficacy. Present work, the validation and content determination was tried on the ellagitannin, cornusiin B which were isolated from the CA by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result, the content of cornusiin B were 3.07% in ethanolic extract of CA.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.33 no.2 s.129
• /
• pp.144-150
• /
• 2002

The methanol extracts of 132 herbal medicines were screened for the inhibitory activity against heparinase enzyme from Flavobacterium heparinum. Eleven medicinal plants, Amomum xanthiodides, Agrimonia pilosa, Paeonia lactiflora, Rubia cordifolia, Sanguisorba officinalis, Torrega grandis, Morus alba, Gleditsia sinensis, Crataegus pinnatifida, Cornus officinalis, Paeonia japonica showed potent inhibition on heparinase activity. The active substituents of those herbal medicine could be extracted into butanol fraction and the inhibitory compounds of Morus alba are now isolating.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 2011

In this study three types of domatia; Tuft (T), Pocket-Tuft (PT) and Pocket (P) were observed on some species of the genus Cornus. Cornus officinalis Sieb & Zuee and C. florida Linnaeus possess T type, C. controversa Hemsl and C. walteri Wangerin possess PT type while C. alba Linnaeus possess P type. A total of 120 leaves were investigated for foliar mite's population. T type domatia was the habitat of 329 mites (48.89%), followed by PT type where 198 mites (29.41%) were found, and the least favored was the P type domatia that accommodated 146 mites (21.70%) out of 673 mites in total. The mean number of mites per domatia was $8({\pm}0.22)$, $4({\pm}0.95)$ and $3({\pm}0.70)$ for T, PT and P type, respectively. The alternative hypothesis that foliar mites prefer T type domatia as a habitat than PT and P type domatia was accepted based on these findings at a probability of P<0.05. Thus, it was concluded that foliar mites prefer T type domatia than the other two types. This could be due to the nature and efficiency of T type domatia in ensuring mites protection from predators and unfriendly environmental conditions. Therefore, the presence of denser tufts lowers the risks of predation and unfriendly environmental conditions and results in a higher number of mites.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.567-572
• /
• 1997

This reserch was carried out to investigate the nitrite scavenging abilities (NSA) of 7 kinds of tea extracts. Nitrites are used as additives of cured meat preperation and exist in plants, foods, and medicines, so we intake it very often easily. Nitrites can act with amines to produce nitrosamine which is known to be a carcinogen. It is known that the pH, concentration of amines, and amounts of nitrite are three important conditions of nitrosamine occurence. 7 kinds of tea used in this experiment were Persimmon tree (Diospyroo kaki Thiunb, Per.), Mulberry tree (Morus alba Linne, Mul.), Rubber tree (eucommia ulmoi-des Oliver, Rub.), Solomon's-seal (Bolygonatu Morr, Som.), Chicory (Cichorrium intybus L, Chi.), Sumach (Rhus javanica L., Sum.), Docwood (Cornus officinale Sieb, Doc.) and they were extracted with methanol (MeOH), ethyl ether (EtEt), ethyl acetate (EtAc), and also the extract existed in the aqueous layer II (Aq L. II) was used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.41-55
• /
• 2011

This study was carried out to survey and analyze the transition of landscape plants on an apartment complexes in the 1990's and 2000's. The results are summarized as follows; The ratio of landscape area was increased from 30.0% to 34.7%. The number of trees per 100 square meter decreased from 22.5 to 15.7. The number of shrub per 10 square meter increased from 19.3 to 38.7. Species of Evergreen tree were increased 21 to 39. The species that a lot of use continuously were Pinus densiflora, Pinus strobus and Taxus cuspidata. The species that increase use were Abies holophylla and Pinus densiflora for. multicaulis. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Pinus parviflora, Juniperus chinensis, Pinus koraiensis and Thuja orientalis. The species that do not use were Cedrus deodara. Species of deciduous tree were increased 42 to 68. The species that a lot of use continuously were Zelkova serrata, Acer palmatum, Diospyros kaki, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus yedoensis. The species that increase use were Lagerstroemia indica, Chionanthus retusa, Cornus officinalis, Styrax japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, Prunus mume, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Acer triflorum, Prunus sargentii, Chaenomeles sinensis and Cornus kousa. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Acer buergerianum, Sophora japonica, Malus spp., Ginkgo biloba, Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis, Platanus orientalis and Albizzia julibrissin. The species that do not use were Liriodendron tulipifera, Acer saccharinum, Ailanthus altissima and Paulownia coreana. Species of shrub were incresed 39 to 65. The species that a lot of use continuously were Buxus koreana, Rhododendron schlippenbachii for. albiflorum, Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Syringa dilatata and Euonymus japonica. The species that increase use were Rhododendron indicum, Ilex serrata, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora, Taxus cuspidata var. nana, Kerria japonica, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense, Euonymus alatus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Nandina domestica, Cornus alba, Hydrangea serrata for. acuminata, Prunus tomentosa, Deutzia parviflora and Pyracantha angustifolia. The species that decrease use exceedingly, were Hibiscus syriacus, Rosa multiflora var. platyphylla, Chaenomeles lagenaria and Rosa spp. The species that do not use were Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Jasminum nudiflorum and Sasa borealis.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2018

Objectives : Cheongnoimyungshin-hwan (CNMSH) is a Herbal compound prescription that is composed mainly of herbal medicines such as Ginseng Radix Alba, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Longan Arillus and cornus cervi parvum, and for the purpose of improving memory and preventing dementia. Methods : In this study, it was investigated whether CNMSH could suppress inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. As a result, CNMSH decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and also inhibited production of NO, prostaglandin E2. Results : This effect was associated with the suppression of the expression of p65, one of the nuclear factor-kappaB ($NF-{\kappa}B$) subunits, and increased expression of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, inhibit the $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcription factor. In addition, CNMSH significantly blocked intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in response to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, CNMSH increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2 activation and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Conclusions : Therefore, it has been shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression and production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and is associated with ROS generation and is activated by Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2007

One of the important functions of skin is protection from harmful environments. Many studies have explored how to prevent skin from wrinkling and the occurrence of pigmentation changes. Skin wrinkling and pigmentation changes could be caused by unusual disruption of connective tissue, the formation of free radicals and ultraviolet radiation. In this study, extracts obtained from 254 different kinds of Jeju medicinal plants were screened for inhibitory effects on tyrosinase and elastase, and for free radical scavenging effects. Four herbs, Phormium tenax, Morus bombycis, Morus alba, and Cudrania tricuspidata, were potent inhibitors of tyrosinase ($IC_{50}$ values 4.62, 5.46, 8.17, and 64.17 ${\mu}g$/mL, respectively). Aleurites fordii [$IC_{50}$: 5.29 ${\mu}g$/mL, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)], Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 6.14 ${\mu}g$/mL), Acer palmatum ($IC_{50}$: 5.44 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Spiraea salicifolia ($IC_{50}$: 5.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) showed good antioxidative effects. Furthermore, Distylium racemosum ($IC_{50}$: 7.51 ${\mu}g$/mL), Diospyros kaki ($IC_{50}$: 15.1 ${\mu}g$/mL), Cornus macrophylla ($IC_{50}:$ 16.59 ${\mu}g$/mL), and Psidium guajava ($IC_{50}$: 40.25 ${\mu}g$/mL) exhibited potent inhibitory effects on elastase. These results suggest that medicinal plants possessing several biological activities may be potent inhibitors of the processes involved in pigmentation increases and aging. Further investigations will focus on in vivo assays and on the chemical identification of the major active components responsible for whitening and anti-aging activity in the screened efficacious extracts.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2008

As the quality of life improves, people want to live in more pleasant environment with beautiful trees, clean air and water. They are keenly interested in environmental issues as well as living environment of apartment which is a trademark of modern life. With this situation, the function and roles of landscaping trees have been recognized as a critical factor to improve living environment. As people have asked for more demands on those trees, it has raised more issues on the defect of trees and is required the solution to those issues. So, the purpose of this study was to survey the reasons of defects and find out those solutions. The data on defects in 1990s was referenced to the reports issued by SH Corporation in 1994 and 1997. The data on defects in 2000s are collected from March, 2006 to May 2006 based on the survey for apartments already constructed by Korea Housing Corporation. The results of the survey were shown that, in the year of 1994, landscaping trees causing high rate of defects were Acer buergerianum (92%), Pinus densiflora(85.7%), Celtis sinensis(80%), Cydonia sinensis(75%) and Diospyros kaki(66.6%), and in the year of 1997, landscaping trees causing high rate of defect were Ziziphus jujuba(100%), Cornus alba(65.2%), Diospyros kaki(60%), Thuja occidentalis(60%), and Metasequoia glyptostroboides(42%). And, in the year of 2006, landscaping trees causing high rate of defect were Sophora japonica(100%), Taxus cuspidata(80%), Magnoila quinquepeta (75%), Acer palmatum(62.5%) and Ginkgo biloba(50%). Because the reasons of defects were various according to the conditions including the climate, location, time and landscaping trees carried into the work area, we present the problems and solutions to those defects. Since the landscaping trees are living creatures, the factors of defects were various and complicated according to the site condition. So, in the period of warranty, contractor should designate the tree manger who can recognize the situation and take suitable action within timely manner.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.46-60
• /
• 1997

The purposes of this research are to select the appropriate kinds of landscape woody plants for afforestation artificial ground and to find out the way of developing planting-tree area of artificial ground through test planting and case study. The summary of the research is as follows; As a result of observing the state of trees' growth, trees on artificial grounds grow as well as, or even better than those on natural grounds. The kinds of trees which represent better growth states on artificial soil of rooftop test area are Thuja occidentalis, Prunus armericana var. ausu, Acer palmatum, Viburnum sargentii for. sterile, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, etc. In addition, soils than on natural soils. As a result of investigating the tree's growth state according to soil beds of artificial soils, shrubs don't represent distinct differences. They show that shrubs can be planted on 30cm soil bed. The rest of trees no differences according to the variation of soil beds, and they are in normal condition or have slight damage. This means that though arbor planting area of artificial ground is made 45~60cm, it is possible for trees to grow on it. In consequence of analyzing the cases on areas of landscaping artificial grounds, as the appropriate kinds of trees for afforestation artificial ground, Diospyros kaki, Hibiscus syriacus, Syringa dilatata, Magnolia kobus, Acer ginnala and cornus alba are selected in Capital region, and Nandina domestica, Taxus cuspidata, Ilex crenata, Viburnum awabuki, Aucuba japonica and Euonymus japonica are selected in southern region. In addition, Juniperus chinensis, Zelkova serrata, Juniperus chinensis var. kaizuka, etc. are selected regardless of regional character. In accordance with the state of soil it shows great difference, namely, fertilization once or more a year and irrigation for drought is advantageous to tree's growth. This research represents that it is necessary that standards related to landscaping artificial grounds are subdivided. In addition to it, the plan for revising related to regulation is drawn up.