• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2013

Objectives : To prove the channel-tropism theory in herbology, we investigated the anti-diabetic effect of six herbal plants used for lower wasting-thirst in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by consecutive injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg i.p.) for 5 days. The rats were divided into normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic treatment with Lycii Radicis Cortex (LRC, 300 mg/kg); Corni Fructus (CF, 300 mg/kg); Bombyx Batryticatus (BB, 50 mg/kg); Lycii Fructus (LF, 300 mg/kg); Phellodendri Cortex (PC, 300 mg/kg); Epimedii Herba (EH, 300 mg/kg); and glibenclimide (10 mg/kg) as a reference drug. Herbal extracts or reference drug were administered orally for 28 days. The changes of body weight, food intake and water intake, and serological markers such as blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (Cr) were measured. Results : The decrease of body weight and the increase of food and water intake in STZ-induced diabetic rats was improved by the administration of CF and LF. Also, the enhancement of blood glucose and serum total cholesterol, TG, BUN and Cr in STZ-induced diabetic rats was significantly inhibited by the administration of CF, BB, LF and glibenclimide. On the other hand, EH strongly inhibited the increase of BUN and Cr in the sera of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Conclusions : These results suggest that among six herbal medicines used lower emaciation of emaciation-thirst disease, CF, BB, LF and EH show a characteristics including the channel-tropism theory.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.71-76
• /
• 2018

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the single oral toxicity of HBX-6 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods : Twenty SD rats were randomly assigned to four groups of 5 rats each and were administrated singly to female and male SD rats, as an oral dose of 2000 mg/kg. HBX-6 is a newly combined Korean herbal medicine formula 30 % Ethanol extract derived from The Dongui Bogam. Now we are developing the prescription for the aim of improving benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) without undesirable side effects. HBX-6 is composed of nine medicinal herbs: Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata, Corni Fructus, Cistanchis Herba, Psoraleae Semen, Dendrobii Herba, Morindae Radix, Cuscutae Semen, Trigonellae Semen, Foeniculi Fructus. Animals were monitored for the mortality and changes in the body weight, clinical signs, gross observation and necropsy findings for the 14 days according to "Standard for Toxicity Study of Pharmaceuticals" of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) guideline and "Acute Oral Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure" of OECD Test Guideline. Results : We could not find any mortality. Compared with the control group, significant weight change was not observed in the experimental group. After administration, the more common symptoms were not observed. There were no gross abnormalities in all cases. Conclusions : Taken together, these results suggest that the approximate lethal dose of HBX-6 in both female and male SD rats were considered as over 2000 mg/kg.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.196-202
• /
• 2007

Skin wrinkles are associated with collagen synthesis and matrix metalloproteinase-I (MMP-1) activity. This study was carried out to select optimum ratio of 3 herbs in skin health food for anti-wrinkle. Human dermal fibroblast cell was incubated with experimental samples, which were Korean red ginseng ethanol extracts (ER), Torilis fructus water extracts (WT), Corni fructus water extracts (WC) and their mixtures (WM1, WM3). And then we determined effects on collagen biosynthesis, MMP-1 activity and SOD activity in human dermal fibroblast cell. In control group, collagen biosynthesis was amounted at 474.8 ng/ml and 533.9 ng/ml, 539.3 ng/ml, 514.1 ng/ml in ER, WT and WC respectively. Furthermore, WM3 (KTNG0345) was increased to 561.45 ng/ml. MMP-1 activity of ER, WT, WC, WM1 were determined to 31.9 ng/ml, 32.85 ng/ml, 32.0 ng/ml, 31.3 ng/ml and WM3 (KTNG0345) was decreased to 28.85 ng/ml. In addition, the experimental samples showed a antioxidative activities. From this results, we conclude that Korean red ginseng ethanol extracts, Torilis fructus water extracts, Corni fructus water extracts and their mixtures have a anti-wrinkle effect and WM3 (KTNG0345) may be regarded as an optimum composition for synergic effect producing. The standardized components of KTNG0345, ginsenoside-$Rb_1$, torilin and loganin were identified at 10.85 mg/g, 0.128 mg/g and 3.92 mg/g respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.133.2-134
• /
• 2003

산수유(Cornus officinalis)는 층층나무과(Cornaceae)에 속하는 약용식물로, 그 열매(Corni Fructus)는 길이 1.5cm 내외인 중추원형의 모양으로 생김새가 촉나라 대추 같고 신맛이 두드러지기 때문에 촉산초라고도 불린다. 그 효능으로 이뇨작용, 혈압강하작용, 항균작용이 있고, 햇볕에 말린 과육은 간과 콩팥의 기능에 효과가 있는 것으로 알러져 있다. 따라서 산수유의 이용 확대 및 제품화 가능성을 검토하기 위한 기초연구의 일환으로 산수유 열매의 화학성분을 분석하였다. 산수유 열매의 일반성분을 건량 기준으로 측정해 본 결과, 탄수화물 88.6%, 조단백질 2.3%, 조지방 4.5%, 회분 4.6%이었다. 산수유 열매의 지방산 중 포화지방산 함량은 30.8%, 총 불포화지방산 함량은 69.2%이었다. 불포화지방산중 다가불포화지방산은 54.9%, 일가불포화지방산은 14.3%로 다가불포화지방산의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 지방산 조성을 살펴보면 linoleic acid가 33.3%로 가장 높았고, palmitic acid(25.1%), linolenic acid(21.6%) 순으로 높게 나타났다. 아미노산 조성으로는 산성아미노산인 aspartic acid가 523 mg%, glutamic acid가 347 mg%로 높게 나타났다. 무기질 함량은 칼륨함량이 건물기준으로 2067.5 mg%로 가장 높았고 그 다음으로는 Ca 372.9 mg%이었다. 유기산 함량은 건물량 기준으로 formic acid가 19,478 mg/100 g으로 가장 그 함량이 높았으며, 그 다음으로는 succinic acid (18,167 mg/100 g), malonic acid (14,487 mg/100 g), malic acid (13,018 mg/100 g) 순이었다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2010

Objective：Gagam-Gongjin-dan (GGD) is an oriental medicinal prescription composited with Cervi parvum Cornu, Corni Fructus, Angelica Gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, Gastrodiae Rihzoma, Agastachis Herba, Cassiae cortex, Scutellariae Radix and Schisandrae Fructus. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GGD extract against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. Methods：GGD extract was prepared by extracting with methanol for 7 days. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through vacuum distillation system. The first, we investigated the antioxidant effects of GGD extract on electronic donating ability (DPPH), nitrite (NO) scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The next, we investigated the possible hepatoprotective effect of GGD extract administration against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Mice were orally administrated with or without GGD extract of different doses (25-100 mg/kg/day) one times per day for 6 days. After 3 days, APAP was orally applied with a single dose (400 mg/kg). Results：GGD extract increased DPPH, NO and SOD-like activities in dose dependant. APAP treatment significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in plasma. Also, APAP treatment significantly evaluated lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARS) and depleted some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, d-aminolevulinate dehydratase and gluthathione peroxidase activities) in liver homogenates compared to the control group. However, the orally administration of GGD extract was able to counteract these effects. Histological studies provided supportive evidence for biochemical analysis Conclusions：These results suggest that GGD extract has a potential antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced liver injury, these properties may contribute to liver disease care.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.318-346
• /
• 1994

A Bibliographical study was done about lumbago in oriental internal Medicine. The results are as follows. 1. Shenxu,sexual active, senile, Feng, Han, Shi, shiji, Tanyin and Qi lumbago are applicable to internal medical lumbago in oriental medicine, and Shenxu is essential pathogenesis. 2. Shenxu lumbago is characterized by continous pain, improved after chiropsia, deep pulse in Chi pulse, and used QingeWan, LiuweiDihuangWan and AnshenWan in herb-medicine. and Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata and Fructus Psoraleae in drugs for the purpose of ZishenYijing, and related to lumbago caused by chronic prostatitis, calculus or tumor in kidney and diabetes mellitus. 3. Sexual active lumbago is dim-aching and weak pain in or after sexual life at low back and knee joint, and classified to Shenyang Buzu, ShenjingKuisun. GanshenYinxu and XinshenBujiao ; Liuwei Dihuang Wan, ZuoguiWan In herb-medicine. Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Fructus Lycii and Fructus Corni in drug were used for treatment. 4. Senile Lumbago is a kind of consumptive disease due to exhaused essential energy and caused by lack of Shenjing, Yangqi ; and described as repeated mild dim pain and ErzhiWan, QingeWan and MoyaoGao were used frequently, supposed to connected with osteoporosis, osteomalacia and osteoarthropathy deformons caused by aging. 5. Feng lumbago is attacked by Liuyin, and characterized by chilling and fever. stabbing pain from thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to pedes, and used WujiXan, XiaoxumingTang for treatment. Han lumbago is caused by cold's attacking Shenjing, distinguished for chilling,icing sense improved by heat on low back, and used WujiXan, JiangfuTang. Shi lumbago is caused by damp's inflowing Shenjing, described as stone-like lumbago which was subsided low back pain growing worse by gloomy rain, and used ShenshiTang. ShenzhuTang for the purpose of ZaoshiXingqi. And it is supposed that lumbago occured in the initial of urinary track infection was belong to those of Feng,Han and Sill's. 6. Sillji lumbago is caused by pathogen being in the spleen and the stomach, and used ChenxiangJiangqiTang, PingweiSan for treatment. And it is supposed that it belong to lumbago caused by gastrointerstinal disease such as peptic ulcer. gastroduodenal tumor and colonic inflammatory disease. 7. Tanyin lumbago is caused by Tanyin's flowing meridian, characterized by thoracolumbar verterber's heaviness, covered sense with something on low back and painless massage. Kuaiqi-drug are added to ErchenTang, DaotanTang for treatment, and it supposed that Tanyin lumbago's belong to that accompanied with metabolic disease such as obesity and gout. 8. Qi lumbago is caused by excessive stress such as melancholy and fury, described as multiple stabbing pain, an unexpected on and improvement, ranging back pain until flank and abdomine. Tiaoqi-drugs were added to RenshenShunqiSan, WuyaoShunqiSan for treatment, and it supposed to connecting with emotional lumbago such as hysteria, feigned illness and anxiety psychosis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2009

Objectives : Gagam-Gongjin-dan (GGD) composited with Cervi parvum Cornu, Corni Fructus, Angelica gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Citri Pericarpium, Gastrodiae Rihzoma, Agastachis Herba, Cassiae cortkex, Scutellariae Radix, Schisandrae Fructus has been traditionally used for chronic diseases or weakness after illness in oriental countries. However, little is known about the effects of methanol extract of GGD on immune responses to ovalbumin (OVA) plus alum. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GGD on immune responses to ovalbumin plus alum in Balb/c mice. Methods : In this study, the extract of GGD was prepared by extracting with methanol for 7 days. The extract was freeze-dried following filtration through vacuum distillation system. Mice were orally administrated with or without GGD extract of different doses (50-200 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. We examined the effects of GGD extract on the serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG2a, and CTACK/CCL27 production and CCR10 expression in lymph node cells and body weight change and foot pad swelling responses in ovalbumin treated Balb/c. Results : The oral administration of GGD dose-dependently reduced the serum levels of total IgE, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (IgE, IgG1 and IgG2b) and CTACK/CCL27 production in ovalbumin treated BALB/c mice. The levels of CCR10 expression from lymph node cells of OVA treated mice were markedly suppressed by treatment with GGD in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, foot pad swelling responses were also markedly suppressed by GGD. However, body weight were significantly increased dose dependently by GGD treatment. Conclusions : These results suggest that GGD treatment suppresses immune responses to ovalbumin, and these properties may contribute to allergic disease care.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.11
• /
• pp.1200-1207
• /
• 2019

Ultraviolet radiation exposure is a major cause of extrinsic skin aging, which leads to skin hyperpigmentation. Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside obtained from Corni fructus, has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anti-melanogenic effects of loganin in B16F10 melanocytes treated with ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Anti-melanogenic activity was measured by treating cells with loganin at concentrations between 1 and $20{\mu}m$. Cell viability assays confirmed that doses of loganin up to $20{\mu}m$ were not cytotoxic. Loganin significantly and dose-dependently decreased intracellular melanin production. We also investigated potential molecular signaling pathways for the anti-melanogenesis effects of loganin. Western blotting showed that treatment with ${\alpha}-MSH$ and IBMX increased the phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and the gene expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase. Addition of loganin suppressed these increases, while promoting the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the anti-melanogenesis response. Our data therefore indicated that loganin could attenuate the increased melanin synthesis induced by ${\alpha}-MSH$ and IBMX treatment of B16F10 melanocytes. This attenuation appears to occur by downregulation of CREB phosphorylation and MITF and tyrosinase gene expression and upregulation of ERK phosphorylation. These finding suggests that loganin could be a valuable candidate for treatment of skin diseases related to hyperpigmentation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2008

UV irradiation causes skin-aging involving coarse wrinkles, thickening, dyspigmentation, and rough skin surface. These phenomena in complex skin tissue is controlled with receptor of cell surface growth factor and cytokine receptors. The activation of receptors induces multiple downstream signaling pathways including expression of MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases). This study was aimed to elucidate the mechanism for anti-wrinkle activity of Korean red ginseng, Torilis fructus and Corni fructus mixture (KTNG0345). In this animal study, we have investigated decreasing effects of Korean red ginseng mixture on MMP-3 synthesis through diminishing $TNF-{\alpha}$ signaling that express MMP-1, -3, and -9. c-Jun and c-fos as a component of transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1) were analyzed the expression level using real time PCR and western blotting. c-Jun was decreased dose dependent manner both gene and protein level where as cfos was not changed. In upstream, JNK and PAK was not changed, but p38 was decreased in down stream. MMP-3, final product in this pathway was significantly decreased in dose dependent manner. These results suggest that Korean red ginseng mixture have a anti-wrinkle activity through $TNF-{\alpha}$ mediated MMPs expression pathway.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.246-253
• /
• 2015

In this study, we evaluated the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) inhibitory activity of 11 water extracts derived from Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Sarcodon aspratus, Cordyceps militaris, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Corni fructus, Allium cepa, Coix lacryma-jobi, Plantago asiatica L., Lentinus edodes, Rosa rugosa, and Foeniculum fructus. The results of the LPL secretion and activity assay showed Sarcodon aspratus (NE) extract have an LPL secretion inhibitory acitivity. The cause of reduction in LPL secretion after NE treatment was investigated using molecular biology methods. NE treatment affected the LPL content in cells, but did not affect LPL mRNA expression. It also increased the mRNA expression level of sortilin-related receptor LDLR class A (SorLA), a receptor that induces endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of LPL. Finally, cell fractionation revealed that NE treatment induced the expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein beta ($C/EBP{\beta}$), a SorLA transcription factor, in the nuclei of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. These results show that NE's anti-obesity effect involves inhibition of LPL secretion through $C/EBP{\beta}$-mediated induction of SorLA expression.