• 대한간호학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.44-57
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• 1983

The explosion of the aging population is changing the social environment of today's older people. Traditionally in Korea, a large percentage(over 90%) of elderly parents have lived with their married first son. But today, the number of elderly who live with their married sons has decreased(65.6%) The number of those who live in a different situation such as with their married daughter, unmarried offspring, with a spouse or alone has increased (34.4%) We can expect that the number of the elderly who have to live in institution will increase. The objective of this investigation was to determine differences in the number of health Complaints of older people according to their living situation with a view to planning more effective health care. The sample consisted of 231 persons over 65 years of age, 60 living in an Old Age Home ana 171 living in their own home in Kwangju. Data were gathered from July 9 to 26, 1983 by nursing students using a Questionnaire which was a modified form of the Cornell Medical Index. The data were categorized according to the subjects, living, sex, educational level, previous occupation, hobbies and sexual activity. The date were analyzed for statistical significant differences using F and X²tests. findings included the following: 1. There was a higher number of health complaints from persons who live in the institution than those living at home, but the difference was not significant. 2. The highest number of health Complaints were from persons who live alone, followed by those living with their daughters, and then by those living in the institution. Persons who live with their sons had the least Complaints. The difference in the number of Complaints accord-ing to with whom they were living was significant. 3. Women had signincantly more Complaints than men. Persons who were not living with their spouses had significantly more complaints than those living with their spouses.4. The higher eductional level the persons had, the less health Complaints they had. The number of Complaints accoraing to educational level was significantly different. 5. The highest number of health complaints were from persons who had involved in Commerce and industry, followed by those in Agriculture. Persons who were civil servant had the least 6. There were more complains from persons who had no hobby than those with hobbies. The complaints. The difference was significant. difference was significant. 7. Persons who said they were sexually inactive had significantly more complaints than those who said they were sexually active. As age increased, sexual activity significantly decreased. Those who lived with their spouse were significantly more sexually active. 8. The highest number of Somatic Complaints were eye fatigue, followed by nocturnal frequency, lumbago, cramps in extremities, vertigo, stiffness in Shoulder, tinnitus, common cold and constipation. The order of Psychic Complaints from higher to lower were anger. sensitivity, anxiety, depression and loneliness. 9. This group of Elderly persons said they valued Health the most, followed by Harmony, Religion, Money and Honor.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 1985

대기오염(大氣汚染)이 비교적 심각(深刻)하다고 생각되는 도시와 농촌과의 호흡기증상을 비교(比較)해 보고자 대구 주민 470명, 포항 364명, 농촌지역인 의성군 주민 472명을 대상(對象)으로 호흡기증상에 대한 설문지를 만들어서 1984년 4월 10일에서 4월 30일까지 각 지역 중 고학생들을 통하여 그들 가족에게 설문하였다. 각 지역에 따른 증상호소율을 볼 때 대체로 도시가 농촌보다 높았는데 특히 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼거나 ${\ulcorner}$가래${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$천식${\lrcorner}$ 증상이 농촌에 비해 도시가 높게 나왔으며(p<0.05), 다만 여자에서 ${\ulcorner}$감기를 심하게 앓는다${\lrcorner}$는 경우는 농촌이 높았다. 연령군(年齡群)에 따라 도시, 농촌을 비교(比較)해 보면 남자 19세 이하군에서 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼는 경우가 농촌에 비해 포항이 높았으며(p<0.05), 남자 40대에서는 ${\ulcorner}$식은땀${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$목의 이물감${\lrcorner}$이 오히려 도시에서 농촌보다 낮게 나타났다. 학생들에게서는 도시, 농촌간의 차가 거의 없었고, 직업인에서 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼는 예가 포항이 농촌보다 높았으며(p<0.05), ${\ulcorner}$감기${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$잔기침${\lrcorner}$은 포항이 농촌보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상에서 몇 항목에 대해 농촌이 더 높은 것은 농부(農夫)들의 심한 피로(疲勞)와 농약 등에 의한 것으로 생각되나 전반적(全般的)으로 볼 때 ${\ulcorner}$천식${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$가래${\lrcorner}$ 등 도시가 농촌보다 많은 항목에서 호소율이 높았다. 이는 산업연료(産業燃料), 차량(車輛)의 배기(排氣)가스, 먼지 등의 영향이 아닌가 생각된다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.239-253
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• 2002

Health care for women regularly focuses on the reproductive system to the exclusion of other health needs. The lack of research focusing on women's common health issues is a major problem to the enhanced optimal level of women's health. Health care providers have to recognize biological and social differences between men and women. This study was conducted to identify the baseline data and their correlation of health perception, health behavior, and health status of adult women for developing nursing intervention. The study was a descriptive correlational design. A convenient sampling method was used for collecting data from 103 adult women, over 18 years of age, during the period from Sep 1 to Nov 30, 2001. The study's subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The instruments for this study were the health perception scale modified by Lee(1985) based on the tool developed by Ware(1977) and Jenkins (1966), and the health behavior scale by Ko, Kumja(1987). Health status was measured by the short form Cornell Medical Index(CMI) modified by Nam, Hochang(1965). The data were analyzed SPSS PC+, by frequency, mean, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients. Also, the Duncan test was utilized for a post hoc test of ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The mean score for health perception was 3.02(S.D=0.39) on a 5 point scale. 2. The mean score for health behavior was 3.08(S.D=0.43) on a 5 point scale. 3. The mean score for health status was 18.54 on 58 items. The mean score for physical symptoms of a subscale of health status was 11.30 on 36 items and the mean score for psychological symptoms was 7.37 on 22 items. 4. The relationship of sociodemographic variables to health perception. health behavior, and health status of women.: 1) There were significant differences in the scores of health perception by disease experience(t=-3.37, p=0.00). 2) There were significant differences in the scores of health behavior by age(F=10.52, p=0.00), height(F=4.73, p=0.01), marital status(t=-5.56, p=0.00), educational background(t=2.90, p=0.00), and drinking or non-drinking(t=2.17, p=0.03). 3) There were significant differences in the scores of health status by educational background(t=2.28, p=0.02) and disease experience(t=2.61, p=0.01). 5. Health perception showed significant positive correlation with health behavior(r=0.39, p=0.00). Health perception showed significant negative correlation with health status(r=-0.44, p=0.00), that is, the more women perceived health, the less she complained about unhealthy symptoms. Health behavior had no significant correlation with health status but showed a positive correlation with psychological symptoms of a subscale of health status(r=-0.19, p=0.05). Many of the leading causes of disease are preventable through changes in health perception and behavior. The need to increase individual awareness of relationships among health perception, health behavior, and health status and to enhance knowledge regarding the long-term effects of positive health behaviors, is an important nursing strategy for women's health promotion.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.507-521
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• 1999

Yu-Dong-Kong exercise is to produce heat from rubbing hands and is composed of 10 different types of exercise using warmed hands. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of Yu-Dong-Kong exercise on physical function and emotional state in elderly. The design of research is Nonequivalent Control Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The independent variable is Yu-Dong-Kong exercise, and the dependent variables are physical function and emotional state. Subjects are 18 elderly in the experimental group and 16 elderly in control group. All of them are above 60 year old and live in 1-city, Kyonggi-do. The exercise period was 4 weeks and data were collected from April to August in 1998. The exercise frequency was once a day. The exercise duration was from 10 to 20 minutes. The measurement tools are modified 1) Cornell Medical Index-Health questionnaire and 2) Geriatric Depression Scale. Collected data were analyzed by t-test and paired t-test based on the purposes of research using SPSS-Window package. The results are summarized as follows : 1. There was no difference in pre-exercise physical function between two groups (t=-.95, p=.35). 2. The hypothesis that 'physical function in the experimental group will be improved compared to the control group' was not supported by t-test(t=-.925, p=.362). However. the physical function in the experimental group showed much improvement than that in the control group. 3. The hypothesis that 'emotional state in the experimental group will be improved compared to the control group' was not supported by t-test(t=-1.715, p=.096). However, the emotional state in the experimental group showed much improvement than that in the control group. 4. The hypothesis that 'physical function will be improved in the post-exercise compared to pre-exercise' was not supported by paired t-test(t=.302, p=.766) However, a slight improvement in the physical function was found. For the further study, it is recommended to reevaluate the effect of Yu-Dong-Kong exercise through large number of subjects and long-term study. Also, a separate study with different type of subjects is recommended. In addition, continuation and compliance this strategy for exercise should be developed.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.245-255
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to compare the physical health, anxiety and depression of the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group with those of a non-trained group and to analyze the relationship between the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing method and physical health, anxiety, and depression. The number of people in the Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group over 3 months was 149 and in the non-trained group 142. Data were collected from August to October 1999. As tools, 35 physical symptom questions were chosen from The Cornell Medical Index modified by Nam(1965) and from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R) by Kim(1984); 10 questions on anxiety and 13 questions on depression were used in the study. The statistics of the study were gathered by using SPSS Window; the analysis was made by applying $X^2$-test, t-test, Pearson correlation, ANOVA and Scheffe tests. The results were as follows. 1. The Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group had lower physical symptom score and showed less anxiety and depression than the non-trained group, which supported the 1st, 2nd, 3rd hypotheses. 2. The longer the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing, the lower the physical symptom score, which supports the 4th hypothesis, but the 5th and, 6th hypotheses were not supported because anxiety and depression did not get lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing got longer. 3. The physical symptom score, anxiety and depression that were made by the general characteristics of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group were analyzed. As a result, the physical symptom score of women was greater than that of men. Physical symptoms score and the rate of anxiety and depression were different by education levels. The degree of anxiety was different by age. Those who have a religion have a higher physical symtoms score than people who have no religion. There was no difference in physical health score, anxiety and depression according to marital status, economic status and occupations. The results suggest that the physical and mental health status of Dan-Jeon Breathing trained group is better than that of the non-trained group. Physical symptoms scores gets lower as the training period of Dan-Jeon Breathing gets longer which results in the improvement of physical health status.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.192-207
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• 1997

This study aims at examining relationships between perceived body shape, body image and health complaints among 88 women registered at a facility for managing body shape, which leads to adequate management of obesity in women for healthy lives. The survey was conducted by using a questionnaire consisted of 12 items of general characteristics and interests for weight control, 47 items of body image, and 57 items of Cornell Medical Index(CMI). The data were analyzed by using mean standard deviation, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results are following. 1. The means of age, body weight, height of the women were 27.02 years, 56.02 years, 56.03kg, 161.71cm, respectively. The level of obesity by body shape was 47.7% for standard type, 26.2% for slim type, 26.1% for fat type. Those women graduated from high school or higher education institutions were 97.7%. 2. More than 70% of the subjects perceived their weight as overweight, while 26.1% of the women were fat according to the level of obesity. Ninety percent of the subjects were not satisfied with their body shape. 3. Body weight increased most during middle and high school days. The women became interested in weight control through talks with friends(35.2%), influence of mass communication(34.1%), and social custom(22.7%). As to the method of weight control, subject's own judgement(54.5%) revealed highest percentage, whereas only 20% of the subjects adopted prescriptions of experts for weight control or of doctors. Those who had side reactions from weight control were 30.7%. High percentages of the women reported the decrease the amount of eating(54.5%), the increase the amount of exercise(27.3%) as the effective methods of weight control. 4. The score of body image differed significantly by the perceived body shape : the score was highest in the perceived standard type. 5. The level of health complaints did not differ by the perceived body shape. In relation to the level of obesity, physical health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of very fat type, while mental health complaints were high in the groups of very slim type and of fat type. 6. Very high correlations were observed between the perceived body shape and body image and between physical health complaints and mental health complaints.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2020

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 지역사회 재가 노인들을 대상으로 한 한방간호중재 프로그램이 신체 건강 상태, 일상 생활 활동 (ADL), 우울증, 삶의 만족도 및 양생에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법 : 본 연구는 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계이다. 연구 참여자들은 서울 일개 지역사회에 거주하는 65세 이상의 노인으로 정상적인 인지 상태와 의사소통이 가능한 노인으로 총 79 명의 노인이 (실험군 : n=39, 대조군 : n=40) 연구에 참여하였다. 대상자는 편의표출통해 모집되었고 무작위 할당법으로 실험군과 대조군으로 선정되었다. 한방간호중재 프로그램은 경락체조와 기공요법의 하나인 팔단금으로 구성하였다. 프로그램은 총 10주 동안 총 20회기로 구성되었다. 측정 변수로는 신체 건강 상태, 일상 생활 활동 (ADL), 우울증, 삶의 만족도, 양생이었고, SPSS WIN21.0에 의해 기술 통계, x²-test 및 독립 t-test를 사용하여 데이터를 분석 하였다. 결과 : 실험군의 신체 건강 상태(t=10.295, p<.001), ADL(t=7.571, p<.001), 우울증 (t=-15.434, p<.001), 삶의 만족도(t=21.257, p<.001), 그리고 양생(t=9.527, p<.001)은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었고 중재의 결과 모든 변수에서 점수가 향상됨을 보였다. 결론 : 본 한방간호중재 프로그램은 지역 사회에 거주하는 노인들의 신체 건강 상태, ADL, 우울증, 삶의 만족도 및 양생을 개선하는 데 효과적이었다. 이 중재 프로그램은 지역 사회에서 노인의 건강 증진을 위해 사용될 수 있다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.81-106
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to find out the causal relationship between perceptual level of stress and health state according to Korean constitutions and to analyze that effect on the Korean constitution's health state. Subjects of this study were 87 out patient department of constitution at Kyung-Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with Questionaire during 6 months from Feb. 2 to June 31, 1991. The Measurement tools used by this researcher were Go's The Questionaire of Identify about constitution, Lee's stress scale and Go's modified Cornell Medical Index which were approved it's reliability and validity. All of the questionaires of were used after pre- test. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. And then this research's issue was tested by SAS program's ANCOVA. The findings of this study was summarized as follow. 1. There was significantly differences in stress perceptual level in Korean constitution. (F=9.68, P=.000). The So Em In (小陰人) were higher than the other constitution on stress perceptional level. 2. In health state, there was significantly difference among Korean constitution. (F=6.654, P=.002). Also the So Em In (小陰人) was lower than the other constitution at health state. Therefore, it was considerate that So Em In (小陰人) was higher perceptual level of stress than the other constitution and the resulting poor health state. 3. Stressful perception was effected on the health state, as a result inverted correlation was constructed between stress perception and health state. (r=-.6034, P=.0001) 4. After exclusion of stress perceptual level, each of the Korean Constitution's health state was not difference (F=1.01, P=.37). It was mean that differences of the Korean Constitution's perceptual level of stress effected on the health state. Bacause So Em In (小陰人) had higher perceptual level of stress than other constitution (F=9.687, P=.000), in proportion to that one's health state was poor. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that the higher stress perceptual level according to Korean constitution, the poorer health state. Further study in this area needs to be consideration that in order to coping with stress, researcher grope for quality nursing intervention with more accurative assessment about Korean constitution.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1990

1. Background Women's health and their involvement in health care are essential to health for everyone. If they are ignorant, malnourished or over-worked, the health &-their families as well as their own health will suffer. Women's health depends on broad considerations beyond medicine. Among other things, it depends upon their work in farming. their subordination to their families, their accepted roles, and poor hygiene with poorly equipped housing and environmental sanitation. 2. Objectives and Contents a. The health status of rural women : physical and mental complaints, experience of pesticides intoxication, Farmer's syndrome, experiences of reproductive health problems. b. participation in and attitudes towards housework and farming c. accessibility of medical care d. status of maternal health : fertility, family planning practice. induced abortion, and maternal care 3. Research method A nationwide field survey, based on stratified random sampling, was conducted during July, 1986. Revised Cornell Medical index(68 out of 195 items). Kawagai's Farmers Syndrome Scale, and self-developed structured questionnaires were used to rural farming wives(n=2.028). aged between 26-55. 4. Characteristics of the respondents mean age : 40.2 marital status : 90.8% married mean no. of household : 4.9 average years of education : 4.7 yrs. average income of household : \235,000 average years of residence in rural area : 36.4 yrs average Working hours(household and farming) : 11 hrs. 23 min 5. Health Status of rural women a. The average number of physical and mental symptoms were 12.4, 4.7, and the rate of complaints were 22.1%, 38.8% each. revealing complaints of mental symptomes higher than physical ones. b. 65.4% of rural women complained of more than 4 symptoms out of 9, indicating farmer's syndrome. 11.9 % experienced pesticide overdue syndrome c. 57.6% of respondents experienced women-specific health problems. d. Age and education of respondents were the variables which affect on the level of their health 6. Utilization of medical services a. The number of symptoms and complaints of respondents were dependent on the distance to where the health-care service is given b. Drug store was the most commonly utilized due to low price and the distance to reach. while nurse practitioners were well utilized when there were nurse practitioner's office in their villages. c. Rural women were internalized their subordination to husbands and children, revealing they are positive(93%) in health-care demand for-them but negative(30%) for themselves d. 33.0% of respondents were habitual drug users, 4.5% were smokers and 32.3% were alcohol drinkers. and 86.3% experienced induced-abortion. But most of them(77.6%) knew that those had negative effects on health. 7. Maternal Health Care a. Practice rate of contraception was 48.1% : female users were 90.9% in permanent and 89.6% in temporary contraception b. Induced abortions were taken mostly at hospital(86.3%), while health centers(4.7%), midwiferies(4.3%). and others(4.5%) including drug stores were listed a few. The repeated numbers of induced abortion seemed affected on the increasing numbers of symptoms and complaints. c. The first pre-natal check-up during first trimester was 41.8%, safe delivery rate was 15.6%, post-natal check-up during two months after delivery. Rural women had no enough rest after delivery revealing average days of rest from home work and farming 8.3 and 17.2. d. 86.6% practised breast feeding, showing younger and more educated mothers depending on artificial milk 8. Recommendations a. To lessen the multiple role over burden housing and sanitary conditions should be improved, and are needed farming machiner es for women and training on the use of them b. Health education should begin at primary school including health behavior and living environment. c. Women should be encouraged to become policy-makers as well as administrators in the field of women specific health affairs. d. Women's health indicators should be developed and women's health surveillance system too.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2002

This study, as a basic research to manage a Chinese Medicine Health Promotion Center by way of showing an example, is a before and after experiment research for simple group to verify a difference with cholesterol, health status and perception of health in order to confirm a effectiveness of diet and regimen according to the 4th status of physical constitution. Research object was chosen of 42 persons who operate a physical constitutional dietary regimen among them after selecting professors and clinical nurses (55 persons) majoring in the science of nursing who participated in Chinese Medicine-oriented Nurse Training Course from Aug. of 2001 to Feb. of 2002 all over the country. Diagnostic tools for physical constitution was used of the questionary that is currently consisted of physical constitution grouping test in Eastern & Western Diagnose Center of K Medical Center, and rating of health status was used of the tool that standardized CMI(Cornell Medical Index) to be available for Korean, and perception measurement for health status was used of a visual analogue scale for the health status that each one perceive personally, and physiological status was measured of cholesterol in blood. Analysis for the collected data was carried out by percentage, $X^2$ test, paired t-test according to research object by using SPSS, and the results of this study are as follows. 1) There was no difference with cholesterol before or after the experiment for objects. As a result of estimation about difference with health status by areas before or after the experiment, there are more improved result in eyes, ears, digestive organs, bones and sinews organs, frequency of a disorder, habit, adaptation status, angry, healthy status than before the experiment. As a whole, after the experiment the health was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after experiment, after the experiment the health perception level was improved than before, however there was no meaningful differences. 2) As the result to inspect a difference of cholesterol between before and after experiment according to object's physical constitution, in the case of So-yang-in(a person with the minimum male: according to the male and female principles(the sun and the moon)) among the 4th status of physical constitution there was only meaningful difference statistically, however, after the experiment their cholesterol's value was increased. As the result to inspect the difference of health status between before and after the experiment according to physical constitution, all of Ta-um-in(a person with maximum the female), So-yang-in(with the minimum male), So-um-in(with the minimum female) had a meaningful difference before and after the experiment, which means that in all case by physical constitutional groups, after the experiment their health status was more improved than before the experiment. As the result to inspect a difference of health perception between before and after according to physical constitutions, in the case of Tae-um-in and So-um-in, average score after the experiment was risen than before the experiment so that it means that the level of health perception was improved, however, there was no meaning statistically. According to the above results, if continuous diet and regimen by each physical constitutions could be implemented, it is certain that the health could be maintained and promoted. And, what we are healthy is for oneself to feel it subjectively. However, I think that cholesterol score in blood that we can view objectively could be changed distinctly if we can implement a strict diet and regimen. Accordingly, it is necessary for a method and period of experiment to be more strict and longer. According to the above results, I would like to suggest as follows. 1) In order to understand health status by Korean's physical constitutions and to generalize it, these research will be repeated against much more objects that could be selected by proper grouping method to consider a representative. 2) It is necessary for a research to inspect health status by physical constitution by developing a health status measurement tool that has higher confidence and propriety based on physical constitutional theory.