• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.706-716
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• 2014

A new strategy of co-inoculating Bacillus subtilis MA139 with Streptococcus thermophilus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to produce fermented soybean meal (FSBM). Three experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) (Exp. 1), apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) (Exp. 2), and feeding value (Exp. 3) of FSBM produced by this new strategy (NFSB) compared with soybean meal (SBM) and conventionally available FSBM (Suprotein). In Exp. 1, twenty-four barrows (initial body weight [BW] of $32.2{\pm}1.7kg$) were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets with 6 replicates per diet. A corn basal diet and 3 diets based on a mixture of corn and 1 of 3 soybean products listed above were formulated and the DE and ME contents were determined by the difference method. The results showed that there were no differences in DE and ME between SBM and either FSBM product (p>0.05). In Exp. 2, eight barrows (initial BW of $26.8{\pm}1.5kg$) were fitted with ileal T-cannulaes and used in a replicated $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Three corn-starch-based diets were formulated using each of the 3 soybean products as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. The results showed that the SID of all AA except arginine and histidine was similar for NFSB and SBM (p>0.05), but Suprotein had greater (p<0.05) SID of most AA except lysine, aspartate, glycine and proline than NFSB. In Exp. 3, a total of 144 piglets (initial BW of $8.8{\pm}1.2$ kg) were blocked by weight and fed 1 of 4 diets including a control diet with 24% SBM as well as diets containing 6% and 12% NFSB or 12% Suprotein added at the expense of SBM. During d 15 to 28, replacing SBM with 6% NFSB significantly improved average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05) for nursery piglets. During the overall experiment, ADG of piglets fed diets containing 6% NFSB was significantly greater (p<0.05) than that of piglets fed SBM. In conclusion, fermentation with the new strategy did not affect the energy content or the AID and the SID of AA in SBM. However, inclusion of 6% NFSB in diets fed to nursery piglets improved performance after weaning likely as a result of better nutritional status and reduced immunological challenge.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.361-370
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• 1985

수분, 대두유, Na-caseinate, 분리대두단백, 옥수수 전분, 젖산및 disodium phosphate를 주 원료로 하여 imitation치즈의 조직감 특성 견고성, 부착성, 탄력성 및 녹는 성질을 반응표면분석을 통하여 살펴본 결과 imitation치즈의 조직감에는 각 원료가 1차적 영향뿐 아니라 2차적인 영향과 원료 서로간의 교호작용의 영향도 매우 큰 것으로 관찰되었다. 특히 견고성에는 대두유와 Na-caseinate가 1차적으로 큰 영향을 미쳤고 수분과 대두유, 옥수수 전분과 젖산/인산염과의 교호작용 영향도 컸으며 부착성과 탄력성에는 젖산/ 인산염과 Na-seinate가 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 녹는 성질에서 또 Na-caseinate와 젖산과의 모든 교호작용함이 높은 유의수준을 보이므로 전체적으로 imitation치즈의 조직감 특성에는 Na-caseinate와 젖산/인산염의 영향이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 반응표면방법을 이용하므로 6가지 원료가 조직감 특성에 미치는 영향을 수학적으로 간단히 살펴볼 수 있었으며 동시에 등고선 그림을 통하여 각 조직감 특성에 두가지 원료가 서로 미치는 경향을 쉽게 관찰할 수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1999

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary red pepper seed oil meal (RPSOM) on the performance and the fat pad content in broiler chicks. feeding trial was conducted with 360 birds broiler chicks for 8 weeks. The levels of dietary RPSOM were 0, 5, 10 and 15% and mixed in diet consisting of corn and soybean meal. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and mixed in diet consisting of corn and soybean meal. Body weight, feed intake, feed conversion and viability were not significantly different among treatments. The percentage of abdominal fat and skin color were not significantly differents among treatments. The results of the feeding trial show that RPSOM can be used within 10% in broiler diet.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.1041-1044
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• 1996

The plastic-film-covered hill planter is a new-type seeding machine, including tow types which are mounted by 11kw and 40 kw tractors. It is made up of fertilizing , plastic-film covering perforating film and hole seeding, soil sealing apparatus, and can work at 5-7kw/h. The plastic-film covering and seeding of cotton, corn and soybean can all use this machine. The plastic-film-covered hill planter is mainly composed of plastic film covering unit, drum-type hill-drop unit and furrow coverer, some other types are also equipped with fertilizer drill unit. It can do combined work of covering plastic film , sowing , plastic film perforating , soil covering at one time, and it is suitable to the covering plastic film as well as planting of the grandulated crops, such as cotton , corn, soybean and so on.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2000

Sludge is generated in the process of water and wastewater treatment, and it has been causing various environmental problems. From this point of view, recycling of sludge appears to be the best way. The firing technology in pottery industry is applied to the sludge treatment , and the final product is called artificial soil. The effect of mixed artificial soil with upland soil was investigated through the crop growth experiment and the physical & chemical characteristics of the mixed soils were analyses. After the growth experiment , mixed soil plots contained more CEC, OM, TN, TP than upland soil plots. This result shows that the artificial soil produced form sludge can be mixed with upland soil, and crop can be increased. From the growth analysis, growth of soybean and corn in the mixed soil plots was better than that in the original upland soil plots. Heavy metals contents in the mixed soil plots were within the quality standard. This is a promising result since in most cases heavy metals are the most concern in the application of sludge product to farmland.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

본 연구의 주제는 대체원료를 옥수수와 대두박을 대신해 첨가될 때의 원료가격들의 변화와 대체원료의 적정한 가격을 판단할 수 있는 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 옥수수과 대두박 그리고 대체원료의 가격 변화는 각각의 원료사료들의 영양소 함량과 가격 및 대체원료의 첨가량을 바탕으로 계산된다. 원료사료의 가격 변화 계산에 필요한 각 원료사료들의 대체가는 대체원료를 사용함으로써 새로 추가되거나 제외되는 영양소의 함량들을 %로 표현한 것을 의미한다. 본 계산에서 사료가격의 순변화는 질소보정 외관상 대사에너지(Nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy), 표준회장가소화(Standardized ileal digestible) 라이신(Lys), 메티오닌(Met), 트레오닌(Thr) 및 트립토판(Trp) 그리고 총 칼슘(Total Ca)과 가용인(Available P) 함량을 바탕으로 계산하였다. 계산 결과, 옥수수주정박 단위무게당 새로 첨가되거나 제외되는 원료사료들의 함량에 대한 방정식은 다음과 같다: 1 ${\times}$ 옥수수주정박 + 0.0334 ${\times}$ 대두유 + 0.0182 ${\times}$ 석회석 = 0.8893 ${\times}$ 옥수수 + 0.13 ${\times}$ 대두박 + 0.0004 ${\times}$ 라이신 + 0.0022 ${\times}$ 메티오닌 + 0.0005 ${\times}$ 트립토판 + 0.0028 ${\times}$ 트레오닌 + 0.0264 ${\times}$ 제2인산칼슘 위 식과 원료사료들의 가격을 이용하여 옥수수주정박을 각 원료사료의 에너지와 영양소함량을 고려하여 15% 정도 옥수수와 대두박을 대체시 옥수수주정박의 가격은 270원/kg으로 계산되었다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 이용한 엑셀기반 계산 프로그램은 육계 사료에서 대체원료의 경제적 가치를 판단할 때에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.871-879
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• 2014

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of corn gluten feed (CGF) for finishing pigs and to develop equations predicting the DE and ME content from the chemical composition of the CGF samples, as well as validate the accuracy of the prediction equations. In Exp. 1, ten CGF samples from seven provinces of China were collected and fed to 66 finishing barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an initial body weight (BW) of $51.9{\pm}5.5$ kg. The pigs were assigned to 11 diets comprising one basal diet and 10 CGF test diets with six pigs fed each diet. The basal diet contained corn (76%), dehulled soybean meal (21%) and premix (3%). The ten test diets were formulated by substituting 25% of the corn and dehulled soybean meal with CGF and contained corn (57%), dehulled soybean meal (15.75%), CGF (24.25%) and premix (3%). In Exp. 2, two additional CGF sources were collected as validation samples to test the accuracy of the prediction equations. In this experiment, 18 barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an initial BW of $61.1{\pm}4.0$ kg were randomly allotted to be fed either the basal diet or two CGF containing diets which had a similar composition as used in Exp. 1. The DE and ME of CGF ranged from 10.37 to 12.85 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM) and 9.53 to 12.49 MJ/kg of DM, respectively. Through stepwise regression analysis, several prediction equations of DE and ME were generated. The best fit equations were: DE, MJ/kg of DM = 18.30-0.13 neutral detergent fiber-0.22 ether extract, with $R^2$ = 0.95, residual standard deviation (RSD) = 0.21 and p<0.01; and ME, MJ/kg of DM = 12.82+0.11 Starch-0.26 acid detergent fiber, with $R^2$ = 0.94, RSD = 0.20 and p<0.01. These results indicate that the DE and ME content of CGF varied substantially but the DE and ME for finishing pigs can be accurately predicted from equations based on nutritional analysis.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.683-690
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the best mixing ratio of French dressing containing onion juice which was added at with different levels (12, 24, 36, and 48%). The mixing methods of ingredients were evaluated through sensory evaluation and viscosity and color of were measured. Instead of soy bean oil, we also studied various oils(corn oil, grape seed oil, canola oil, and olive oil) for the purpose of determining functional French dressing. The results were as follows; The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the French dressing with 36% added with 36% onion juice was the preferred most in appearance, flavor, and overall preference. Correlation coefficients between overall preference and sensory characteristics of onion added French dressing were higher in the order of taste (r=0.64), flavor (r=0.54), texture (r=0.48), appearance (r=0.41). The quality of French dressing varied greatly depending on the mixing methods of ingredients. The best method for making dressing was mixing 5 mL of oil with the other ingredients at 5 seconds intervals. The results of the sensory evaluation on French dressings with added onion juice containing soybean oil, corn oil, grape seed oil, canola oil, and olive oil, indicated that soybean oil was the most preferable. The appearance and taste of French dressing containing soybean oil were significantly the highest with regard to preference.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of locally produced organic agricultural by-products to substitute imported organic feeds for organic ruminant farming. Imported organic feeds (corn grain, soybean meal, soybean seed, oat grain, barley grain, wheat grain, buckwheat, sunflower seed meal) and byproducts (rice bran, grape seed meal, rice straw, soybean hull, soybean curd, rice hull, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain) were analyzed for chemical composition and NDF, ADF, mineral, and amino acid contents and anti-nutritional factors. Dry matter, NDF and ADF contents in organic feeds were higher than those in conventional feeds. Especially, the 9.65% fat content of organic soybean meal was 6 times higher than the 1.95% fat content of conventional soybean meal. Fat contents of rice bran, grape seed meal, green kernel rice, and crushed rice grain were 25.66, 6.09, 3.57 and 1.59%, respectively. Protein contents of soybean hull and soybean curd were 14.68 and 19.87%, respectively, which are highest among organic by-products. Levels of aflatoxin in all feeds were below the safety level. Therefore, organic rice bran, green kernel rice and crushed rice as energy source, and soybean hull and soybean curd as protein source could partial replace imported feeds for organic ruminant farming.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 1998년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.370-375
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• 1998

Spectral reflectance signatures of upland crops at OSMI bands were collected and evaluated for the feasibility of crop discrimination knowledge-based on crop calendar. Effective bands and their ratio values for discriminating corn from two other legumes were defined with OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values. June 22 among measurements dates was the best date for corn discrimination from two other legumes, peanut and soybean, because all OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values in June 22 were highly significant for corn separability. Phenological growth stage of a silage corn (rs510) could be estimated as a function of spectral reflectance signatures in vegetative stage. Five growth stage prediction models were generated by the SAS procedures REG and STEPWISE with OSMI equivalent bands and their ratio values in vegetative stage.