• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1991

For the constitution of forage cropping system including the double-cropping of corn, attention has been directed towards the early and short maturing varieties of corn such as Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda as a component forage crop of forage cropping system. Four corn varieties, Comet 80, Comet 85, Linda and Suwon 19 were planted delayedly by each of 45, 55 and 65 days from the recommended sowing date of suwon 19. Under these condition, growth characteristics and late-sowing adaptability of 4 corn varieties were investigated, and the results are summarized as follows; 1. The variety of suwon 19 did not reach the stage of silking in the occasion of late sowing by 50 days from the optimum sowing time for mono cropping of suwon 19. However early varieties such as Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda silked under the condition of 65 days-delayed sowing from the recommended sowing time of Suwon 19 for mono-cropping. 2. Early varieties of Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda were so grown by approximately 92% in plant height, 66% in ear height, 88% in stem diameter and 81% in leaf number respectively compared to Suwon 19 at each of three delayed sowing time that exhibited the dwarfish appearance of canopy. 3. Days from sowing to silking decreased as the sowing time was delayed and the average days from sowing to silking in the sowing treatments of 55 days-delayed of Suwon 19, Comet 80, Comet 85 and Linda were 61, 46, 47 and 51 days, respectively. 4. The size of variations of plant height and ear height influenced by delayed-sowing time was comparatively larger in the varieties of Suwon 19 and Linda than in those of Comet 80 and Comet 85. 5. As sowing time was delayed from the optimum sowing time of Suwon 19 for mono-cropping, ear content decreased from 0% of Suwon 19 at 55 day-delayed sowing treatment to 3540% of Comet 80 and Comet 85 at 65 days-delayed sowing treatment.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.81-81
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• 2017

The origin of wild corn (teosinte) is distributed in the Northwest coastal pacific area of Central America, including Mexico, which is a wetland area of 5 to 6 months per year. Depending on these climate characteristics, wild corn is genetically resistant to flooding condition. In order to evaluate the availability of flooding resistant genes of these wild corns, we examined the physiological responses after the flooding treatment in the early stages of the growth of various wild corns. The difference of chlorophyll content between flooding untreatment and flooding treatments (untreated chlorophyll content - humidified chlorophyll content) was the highest in chlorophyll content in the case of B73, the common corn. In the middle leaf, $\underline{Zea}$ mays subsp. Parviglumis, Zea mays subsp. Mexicana, Zea mays subsp., Zea perennis decreased significantly. In the lower leaves, Zea mays sub and Zea nicaraguensis showed the lowest content compared to B73. PCR analysis was performed using 34 primers divided into two groups, top and bottom. In the wild corn, pyruvate decarboxylase 2 in root and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 in shoot showed the difference in the reaction.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1993

A study was conducted to compare the effect of feeding commercial formula ration and corn-soybean meal based rations on growth performance, feed conversion ratio, mortality percentage, dressing percentage, carcass composition and economics of raising broiler chicks at commercial farms. 3000 day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates of 250 birds in each. Four iso-nitrogenous and isocaloric rations (A, B, C and D) were prepared and randomly allotted to each group. Ration A was a commercial broiler ration whereas ration B had the same formula with the exception that all the animal protein sources were replaced with soybean meal (SBM). Ration C was based on only corn and SBM. Ration D contained corn, SBM and 25% fullfat soybean (FFSB). The birds were given the experimental rations starter from day 1 to 28 and finisher from 29 to 49. The results indicated that the birds fed on corn-soybean meal based rations gained significantly figher weights showed better feed conversion ratio, gave higher dressing percentage with better carcass composition, lower mortality and higher net profits as compared to those fed on commercial ration. The replacement of animal protein sources in commercial ration with SBM (ration B) although did not show any significant differences in the performance of birds as compared to ration A, a little improvement was visible indicating that SBM can be used as a good substitute of animal protein sources. Similarly the replacement of SBM with FFSB up to a level of 25% did not affect the broiler performance as compared to only SBM.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2011

적정 영양원을 선발하기 위하여 5가지의 재료(옥수수가루, 옥수수피, 콘코브, 비트펄프, 감자전분)를 이용하여 재배실험을 실시한 결과 혼합배지의 총 질소함량은 옥수수가루 첨가구가 0.45%로 가장 높았다. 혼합배지에 따른 배양율과 재배일수는 옥수수가루 처리구에서 배양율 97%로 가장 좋았고, 재배기간 43일로 가장 짧았다. 그리고 옥수수가루 처리구에서 수량은 122 g/1 kg 봉지, 생물학적효율은 35%로 다른 처리구에 비해 가장 높았다. 자실체 생산량에 관여하는 인자 분석에서는 총 질소함량 (r = 0.95)과 조지방(r = 0.65)으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과 잣버섯 재배는 배지 영양원으로 옥수수가루와 자실체 생산량에 관여하는 인자로 총질소함량으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1987

Because of its more complete hydrolysis and rapid absorption, MCT is expected its usefulness in the diets of patients with malabsorption syndrom. Also, several authors reported that serum cholesterol level was lower after MCT feedings. In this study, rate of each experimental group were fed for 4weeks with 20％ MCT, 20％ corn oil, mixed diet of 10％ MCT and 10％ corn oil, mixed diet of 17％ corn oil and 3％ shortening. After experimental diet, it was measured to growth rate and serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid level. The results were as follows; 1. The body weight gain was the lowest in MCT group and others were lower than control group. 2. Serum total cholesterol level was the lowest in corn oil group and others were significantly lower than control group. Free cholesterol level was lower in all experimental groups than control group too. 3. Serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly higher in all experimental groups than control group. 4. The ratio of VLDL, LDL-Cholesterol to HDL-Cholesterol was significantly lower in all experimental groups than control group. 5. Serum triglyceride level was higher in all experimental groups than control group. Serum phospholipid level was significantly in only mixed diet group of corn oil and shortening than control group. 6. The ratio of total cholesterol to phospholipid was significantly lower in corn oil diet group than control group.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.465-474
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• 2021

It has become important to explore alternative feed ingredients to reduce feed costs, which are burdensome for livestock production. In addition, it is desirable to find efficient and functional alternative ingredients for traditional feed ingredients in pig diets, considering the stress and sensitivity of disease of pig. Rice is produced around the world like corn that is the typical energy source in pig diets. Although the nutritional quality varies depending on the degree of milling, rice, except whole grains (paddy rice), contains more starch than corn and its structure and granule size are easier to digest than corn. In addition, the fact that rice has fewer non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) is also effective in improving digestibility and various polyphenols in rice can help modulation of immune responses, which can be beneficial to the gastrointestinal environment and health of pig. Many studies have been conducted on rice focusing on things such as degree of milling, substitution rates of corn, granule size, and processing methods. Most results have shown that rice can be partially or completely used to replace corn in pig diets without negatively affecting pig growth and production. While further research should focus on the precise biological mechanisms at play, it was confirmed that the use of rice could reduce the use of antibiotics and pig removal and protect pigs from gastrointestinal diseases including diarrhea. From this point of view, rice can be evaluated as a valuable feed ingredient for swine diets.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.45-52
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• 1979

근래 경제작물로서 각광을 받고 있는 Sweet Corn에 대한 품종 선발과 파종기 및 재식 밀도 등 재배법 개발을 목적으로 연구한 결과를 요약하면 대요 다음과 같다. 1. 품종 선발에 있어서는 기성 품종인 Golden Cross Bantam에 비해서 Hybrid Sweet Corn-137이 조숙 단간이며 수장과 수폭이 비대하여 수량 및 품질면에서 우수한 품종으로 인정되었으며 특히 옥수수 재배의 문제점으로 태두한 흑조위축병과 호엽고병에도 매우 강한 품종으로 선발되었다. 2. 조식의 효과는 일반 과실의 단경기 출하로써 소득을 향상할 수 있는데 조식할수록 흑조위축병의 이병이 높아 수량이 저조한 경향이었으나 대체로 3월 25일 전후 30일 육묘로써 4월 25 일 정식하면 수확기가 7월 5일이 되어 수량이 높으나 시장성과 소득면에서는 조식하는 것이 유리하다. 3. 재식밀도는 편의상 휴폭을 60cm로 고정하여 주간밀도를 구명한 결과 60 X 30cm가 생육 및 수량성으로 보아 적합한 밀도로써 인정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.859-863
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• 2018

Objective: Since very little information exists about the topic; in this experiment we compare, in a long-term finishing program, the growth-performance responses and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers where non-structural carbohydrate concentration of the diet is reduced from 64% to 51% (dry matter basis). Methods: Sixty Holstein steer calves ($129{\pm}2.2kg$) were blocked by initial weight into five groups and randomly assigned within weight groupings to 10 pens. Calves were fed with a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets containing 51% higher fiber (HF) or 64% lower fiber (LF) nonstructural carbohydrates. Non-structural carbohydrates concentrations were manipulated substituting dried distiller grain with solubles and alfalfa hay for flaked corn. Cattle were weighed every 112 days and at the end of the experiment (day 308) when the cattle were harvested and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Results: Steers fed the HF diet showed improvement (8.8%) in average daily gain (ADG) during the initial 112-d period. This effect was followed by a numerical trend for greater ADG throughout the remainder of the study so that overall ADG tended to be greater (4.9%, p = 0.06) for the HF than for LF. There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake. Gain efficiency and estimated dietary net energy (NE) were greater 8.3% and 5.2%, respectively for HF during the initial 112-d period. Overall (308-d) gain efficiency and estimated dietary NE were similar for both dietary treatments. However, due to differences in tabular dietary NE, the ratio of observed:expected dietary NE tended to be greater (4.1%, p = 0.06) for the HF vs LF diet. There were no treatment effects on carcass characteristics except for a tendency toward a slightly greater (0.5%, p = 0.09) estimated carcass yield. Conclusion: Reducing the non-structural carbohydrate concentration of a conventional steam-flaked corn-based growing finishing diet for Holstein steers can effectively enhance growth performance, particularly during the early growing and late finishing phases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2015

ε-Poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) is a homopolymer of L-lysine molecules connected between the epsilon amino and alpha carboxyl groups. This polymer is currently used as a natural preservative in food. Insufficient biomass is a major problem in ε-PL fermentation. Here, to improve cell growth and ε-PL productivity, various nitrogen-rich nutrients were supplemented into flask cultures after 16 h cultivation, marking the onset of ε-PL biosynthesis. Yeast extract, soybean powder, corn powder, and beef extract significantly improved cell growth. In terms of ε-PL productivity, yeast extract at 0.5% (w/v) gave the maximum yield (2.24 g/l), 115.4% higher than the control (1.04 g/l), followed by soybean powder (1.86 g/l) at 1% (w/v) and corn powder (1.72 g/l) at 1% (w/v). However, supplementation with beef extract inhibited ε-PL production. The optimal time for supplementation for all nutrients examined was at 16 h cultivation. The kinetics of yeast-extract-supplemented cultures showed enhanced cell growth and production duration. Thus, the most commonly used two-stage pH control fed-batch fermentation method was modified by omitting the pH 5.0-controlled period, and coupling the procedure with nutrient feeding in the pH 3.9-controlled phase. Using this process, by continuously feeding 0.5 g/h of yeast extract, soybean powder, or corn powder into cultures in a 30 L fermenter, the final ε-PL titer reached 28.2 g/l, 23.7 g/l, and 21.4 g/l, respectively, 91.8%, 61.2%, and 45.6% higher than that of the control (14.7 g/l). This describes a promising option for the mass production of ε-PL.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

본 시험은 최적 Silage 옥수수 품종을 선발하는데 필요한 기초자료를 얻기 위하여 국내산 옥수수 4품종 (수원 19호, 광안옥, 횡성옥, 수원옥)과 외국 도입 Silage용 품종으로 미국계통 7품종 (P 3144 W, P 3352, P 3156, DK 501, DK 729, DK 713, DK 689)과 프랑스 Limagrain계통 6품종(H 545.64, H 645.12, H 643.99, He 7466, H 644.18, H ALISEO) 총 17품종의 생육특성, 수량 및 생장해석을 비교 분석하고자 실시 하였으며 실험설계는 품종을 란괴법 3반부으로 공주대학교 산업과학대학 실험포장에서 1997년 5월부터 8월까지 시행하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육특성으로 출현솔은 H 643.99 품종이 97.0% 로 가장 높았고, 흑조강축병 권병솔은 HC 7466 품종이 1.6 %로 가장 낮았다. 초장과 정장은 Pioneer 계통이 커서 초장은 P 3144w 품종이 339 cm로 가장 컸으며, 정장은 P 3156 품종이 261 cm로 가장 컸다. 우리나라 품종으로는 광안옥이 비교적 초장파 정장이 커서 각각 306 cm와 235 cm로 나타났다. 경직경은 DK 689 품종이 3.7 cm로 가장 굵었다. 2. 엽수와 엽면적은 광안옥이 각각 16.0매 와 $5,180\;{\textrm{m}^2}/10a$로 가장 높았으며, 암이삭 비율에 있어서는 H 645.12와 H 545.64 품종들이 각각 49.5와 49.4 %로 높게 나타났다. 3. 생초수량은 생육기에 따라 차이가 있어 출사전 15일에는 수원 19호가 출사기에는 P 3352 품종이, 출사 후 35일에는 광안옥이 가장 높아 우리나라 품종들이 도입 품종들보다 생초수량이 떨어지지 않았다. 4. 건물수량은 출사 후 중가 폭이 컸으며, 품종간의 건물수량은 생육기에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 P 3352, P 3156, 광안옥, DK 713의 품종들이 높았고, DK 501과 HC 7466 품종들이 낮았다. 출사 후 35일 경에는 품종간에도 유의성이 커서 우리나라 품종인 광안옥과 건물솔이 높은(29.6~30.2%) Pioneer 계통의 품종들이 수량이 많았으며 , Limagrain 계통의 Hybrid 품종들이 대체로 건물수량이 낮았다. 5. LAR은 HC 7466 품종이 $6.53\;{\textrm{cm}^2}/g$으로 제일 높았으며, 가장 낮은 품종은 H 545.12로 $3.30\;{\textrm{cm}^2}/g$이었다. LAI는 P 3144w가 제일 컸으며, HC 7466 품종의 3.15를 비롯하여 Limagrain 계통 품종들이 낮게 나타났다. 6. RGR은 품종간에 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 DK 501과 HC 7466 품종은 타 품종에 비해 떨어지는 경향을 보였으며, 국내품종과 미국계통 품종들은 CGR에 별 차이가 없으나, 프랑스의 Limagrain 계통 품종들 간에는 CGR의 변이가 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 출현솔 및 흑조강축병 이병솔은 Limagrain 계통 품종들이 양호하게 나타났으며, 사일리지 옥수수용 품종의 조건인 건물수량, 건물솔 및 암이삭비율 등은 P 3156, P 3352, P 3144w, DK 713, HC 7466 품종들이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 우리나라 품종인 수원 19호와 광안옥도 생초수량과 건물수량은 타 도입 품종보다 떨어 지 지 않으나 건물솔이 낮게 나타났다.