• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2005

In order to prepare the uniform copper particles from copper chloride solution, the reduction behavior of copper particles from copper chloride and the effects of reduction agent and dispersing agent was investigated. In the case that 2.56 M of $C_6H_8O_6$ was used as a reduction agent, the highly dispersed Cu particles with sharp size distribution were generated from 0.96M of copper chloride solution, and the size of Cu particles was $6\~10\;{\mu}m$. To form $Cu(NH_3)_4Cl_2$ complex solution, $NH_4OH$ was added in the copper chloride solution before the reductive reaction of Cu ion. The generated Cu particles have a two kind of shape, spherical and rod-like. In the case that $N_2H_4{\cdot}H_2O$ was used as a reduction agent, the very fine spherical Cu particles with the size of $0.2\~0.5\;{\mu}m$ was obtained. Arabic gum as a dispersing agent was more effective than $Na_4P_2O_7{\cdot}10H_2O$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

Numerous studies of the dynamic behavior of powders have been performed by Discrete Element Method (DEM). The behavior of powders can be analyzed using the DEM assuming that the powder is composed of spherical particles. Moreover, the assumption of spherical particle reduces the computing time significantly. However, the biggest problem with this assumption is the real shape of the particles. Some types of particles, such as calcium carbonate and colloidal copper, are needle shaped. Thus, analysis based on spherical particles can produce errors because of the incorrect assumption. In this research, we developed a new model to simulate needle-shaped particles using the DEM. In the model, a series of particles are connected and regarded as a rod. There is no relative motion among the particles. Thus, the behavior of the rod is rigid motion. To validate the developed model, we carried out the drop-and-bounce test with different initial angles. The results showed negligible error of less than 2%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.03a
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• pp.140-143
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• 1997

The present study is concerned with the hydrostatic extrusion process of copper-clad aluminium bar to investigate the basic flow characteristics. Considering the bonding mechanism of bi-metal contact surface as cold pressure welding, the normal pressure and the contact surface expansion are selected as process parameters governing the bonding condition. The critical pressure required for the bonding at the interface is obtained by solving a "local extrusion" using a slip line meyhod. A viscoplastic finite element method is used to analyze the steady state extrusion process. The boundary profile of bi-metal rod is predicted by tracking a particle path adjacent to interface surface. The variations of contact surface area and the normal pressure along the interface profile are predicted and compared to those by experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.417-424
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• 1999

Laser lapping of diamond films is performed with focused beam of copper vapor laser. Both spherical and rod-shape laser beam are used. Diamond surface is scanned at various scan speeds(0,125, 0.5, 0.75 mm/sec) and baem shifts (5, 10, 20, 40, 100$\mu\textrm{m}$) At 0.125 mm/sec 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ scan condition the level difference of di-amond surface of about 700$\mu\textrm{m}$ over 20 mm is reduced to 200$\mu\textrm{m}$ In addition surface roughness is also im-proved from 3.53$\mu\textrm{m}$ to 2.47$\mu\textrm{m}$ at 5$\mu\textrm{m}$ beam shift. But at higher beam shift than 10$\mu\textrm{m}$ laser scan makes the surface rougher which is considered to be due to the non uniform spatial distribution of laser en-ergy. It is concluded that homogenized laser beam with high average power is needed for large area laser lapping of diamond films at appreciable rates.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

An adaptor is designed for chamber impedance measurement of plasma process. Copper rod, fixed board and compensation circuit are the major components of the adaptor. An adaptor can be to measure chamber impedance on time unless stopping a process and Data to measure can do the database. We can use it to a criteria data for a failure diagnosis. So developed adaptor could be used for diagnosis the plasma process chamber in semiconductor industry.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.430-432
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• 2002

The changes in expression of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in light-damaged rat retinas were examined. Sprague-Dawley rats (male, 6-weeks-old) were maintained on a cyclic photoperiod (12 hours light and 12 hours darkness) for 2 weeks. The illumination intensity during the light period was 80 lux. To induce light damage to the retina, a high-intensity illumination (3000-lux) was applied to the animals for 24 hours. After light exposure, the animals were returned to cyclic lighting. Eyes were enucleated 12 and 24 hours after light exposure started or 1,3, and 7 days after light exposure ended. Eyes were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax. Tissues were cut into 4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$-thick sections. Sections were immunostained using antibody against CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD, GPX and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanocine (8-OHdG) as oxidative stress marker. 8-OHdG was observed in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) during light exposure. In light-damaged retinas CuZn-SOD labeling was up regulated in the ONL and RPE. Mn-SOD labeling was up regulated in rod inner segments (RIS) during light exposure and that in the RPE was up regulated after exposure. GPX labeling was observed in rod outer segments (ROS) during light exposure. GPX labeling was also observed in the RPE during and after light exposure. All three enzymes were observed in the outer retina, which suffered light damage, but occurred in defferent layers except within the RPE, in which case all three were expressed. These enzymes may play complementary roles as protective factors in light-damaged retinas.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 1996

In copper continuous casting, the soot, which is the incomplete pyrolitic product of acetylene, has been used as a mold coat. In this work, under constant acetylene pressure, the characteristics of soot and the optimum condition of sooting were investigated with different acetylene and oxygen flow rate. The soot particles deposited on the mold surface had mainly spherical shape and their sizes were about 20nm. After reaction with melt, their shapes were changed into polygonal type due to the graphitization. With increasing oxygen flow rate up to $0.6{\ell}/min$, the amount of residues of soot after heat treatment were kept nearly constant. But the amount of residues increased rapidly with further increasing oxygen flow rate. Degree of graphitization was maximum at $0.4{\ell}/min$ and $5{\ell}/min$ of oxygen and acetylene flow rate, respectively.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.54-56
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• 2005

On the overhead distribution lines, we generally use a copper rod as a grounding electrode. It is a economical metallic structure. Recently, many new electrodes have been developed and used in the distribution system of KEPCO. Before using new grounding electrode. we need to measure the performance of each electrode for comparative analysis. This report describes the characteristic test of the grounding electrodes used in KEPCO.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-65
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• 2002

A study on the characteristics of electric shock in fresh water due to the leakage of submerged electric facility is conducted by using a reduced scale model at a scale of 1:10 in laboratory. Electric potential as a function of distance from leakage source, type of the leakage source, magnitude of the source voltage, submerged depth and diameter of a copper rod electrode is measured. On the basis of safety standard, separation for guarantee of safety is determined by the measured potential. Also supposing that body resistance is 500［$\Omega$］, the human reaction was estimated by calculating body current for some shock duration. Thus, in this paper, the hazard of the electric shock is assessed by introducing representative safety factors, body voltage and body current due to leakage source.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1991.04a
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• pp.251-255
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• 1991

The primary objectives of the rolling process are to reduce the cross section of the incoming material while improving its properties and to obtain the desired section at the exit from the rolls. Many engineering metals, suchas aluminium alloys, copper alloys, and steels are often cast intoingots and are then further processed byhot rolling into blooms, slabs, and billets, which are subsequently rolled into other products such as plate, sheet, tube, rod, bar, and structural shapes. In shape rolling a round or square bar is rolled in several passes into various shapes. During eachpass, the bar elongates as well as spreads. Thus, a very complex three-dimensional metal flow takes place. In this paper TASKS results for the simulation of a 7 pass square-to-round shape rolling are presented. The results are verified by comparing it with experimental results from a previous study conducted at the Battelle Columbus Labs