• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.373-381
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• 2016

This research is a descriptive correlation research to examine the relationship among stress, coping behaviors, and perceived social support in school-age children. Students in third, fourth, and fifth grades at one elementary school in A metropolitan city were included for this research. A researcher of the study visited the elementary school and obtained appropriate approval to conduct this survey. Then, a total of 481 students answered the questionnaire; finally, the questionnaires of 409 students were analyzed after excluding 72 questionnaires due to unreliable responses. Descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the collected data with SPSS 13.0. In the stress scores, academic stress was associated with the highest score ($9.30{\pm}4.41$). With respect to stress coping behaviors, lower-grade students showed to have significantly higher scores in coping behavior of pursuing social support than higher-grade students (F=3.181, p=.043); male students had higher scores in aggressive coping behavior than female students (t=-3.399, p=.001). Perceived social support scores were higher in the following order: family members ($33.01{\pm}7.61$), friends ($28.43{\pm}7.89$), and teachers ($25.71{\pm}6.30$). Female students had higher scores in perceived social support from friends (t=3.842, p=.000) and teachers (t=3.037, p=.003) than the male students. As the stress scores increased, passive coping behaviors (r=.410, p=.000) and aggressive coping behaviors (r=.445, p=.000) have been significantly increased. As perceived social support is higher, active coping behaviors (r=.455, p=.000) and coping behaviors to pursue social support (r=.429, p=.000) were significantly increased. Therefore, we can conclude that stress management is very significant for children. It would be necessary to develop nursing intervention programs in order to reduce the aggressive and passive coping behaviors of children and encourage perceived social support.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

This study explores the daily life patterns and housing adjustment behaviors of low-income Korean elderly immigrants residing in affordable housing in the Chicago metropolitan area. Utilizing an intercultural perspective, the study focuses on identifying the immigrants' their cultural attributes of daily living and coping responses to residential misfits. These housing adjustment behaviors are classified into five modes consisting of residential mobility, structural adaptation, residential alteration, normative adaptation, and behavioral adaptation. Two-hour in-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 138 participants from 15 affordable housing complexes. Collected information includes demographic data, immigration experiences and cultural identity, daily life patterns, as well as housing evaluation and housing adjustment behaviors. The study results indicate that many research participants maintained their cultural attributes of daily living accumulated from past experiences (i.e. mostly based upon Korean cultural contexts), but also made adjustments as they complied with their aging body and new living conditions. This also reflects that immigrants' cultural needs are not limited to the use of language and ethnic goods, but are also embedded deeply in their daily life patterns to influence one's uses of the dwellings in a broader sense. All five modes of housing adjustment behaviors were observed with research participants within their residential settings. More importantly, normative and behavioral adaptations along with residential alterations occurred more simultaneously rather than sequentially when the respondents perceived discrepancy between oneself (i.e. including one's attributes, needs, and preferences) and his/her dwelling.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.446-456
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of study was to identify violence episodes by patients and/or their guardians and responses from emergency room nurses. Method: A convenient sample of 172 emergency nurses was selected from general hospitals with more than 200 beds. A survey design was used and data were collected from October 2 to October 11, 2006. using self-report questionnaires which were developed by the authors. Descriptive statistics, with the SPSS PC program were used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of nurses(97.1%) had experienced violence by patients or their guardians in the previous month. Violence offenders who were drunk comprised 68.6% of total offenders. Causes of violence were delays in examination and treatment(59.9%). The major coping behavior in dealing with violence episodes was ignoring(40.1%). Responses to violence experienced by emergency nurses were rated as 2.39. Response to violence according to general characteristics of the nurses showed no statistically significant differences. Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of violence experienced by emergency nurses, hospitals must develop and manage preventive education programs and policy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.127-132
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• 1999

Cardiovascular, respiratory and electrodermal responses to acute stress episodes modeled by combined presentation of intense white noise and performance of word recognition task with noise background were studied in 15 college students. Experimental procedure consisted in sessions with white noise, word recognition task presentation with noise background and test with noise background. Recorded physiological variables were analyzed in terms of their sensitivity to detect activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of autonomic nervous system and thus reflect autonomic arousal level during shout-term stress-inducing experimental manipulations. It was shown that performance of effortful mental task with noise background elicited significant physiological responses typical for active coping behavior, namely electrodermal arousal and increased cardiovascular activity. this response profile was more profound as compared to white noise only or attending task in noise background. However, all physiological responses were mostly phasic, without long-term tonic changes, since almost all variables recovered to their initial baseline levels, suggesting that dominant autonomic mechanisms in transient acute stress episodes were of parasympathetic nature (withdrawal in stress with subsequent activation in restoration period), while sympathetic contribution was not long-lasting. Nevertheless, increased number of stressors and their longer exposure may result in higher profile of tonic sympathetic arousal and reduced functional role of vagal mechanisms in autonomic balance regulation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2022

Purpose: This descriptive study aimed at physical therapists to determine the actual conditions of sexual harassment occurring in the workplace, their coping strategies, and effective coping methods. Methods: In total, 186 responses were collected through Google from June 28 to August 21, 2021. The questionnaire consisted of 102 questions about the subject's general characteristics, sexual harassment, psychological stress, physical stress, and sexual harassment prevention education. Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for analysis, frequency analysis, percentage, standard deviation, and corresponding sample t-test, and the significance level was set to 0.05. Results: The perception of sexual harassment was 7.1, which was lower than that of other occupations. The perpetrators of visual, verbal, and physical sexual harassment appeared in the order of patients, coworkers, and guardians. Psychological and physical stresses were higher than the average due to damage caused by sexual harassment, requiring some attention. Work stress showed an average level. With the higher perception, a negative correlation was observed in the face of mitigation (p<0.001). Conclusion: The number of victims of sexual harassment is increasing every year. To cope with sexual harassment, there should be a department capable of counseling and processing in the workplace, and what occurs should be analyzed. In addition, educational programs are needed to prevent sexual harassment in consideration of the characteristics of hospitals.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.350-358
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the influences of coping strategies and vocational self-efficacy on burnout among social workers in long-term care hospitals. Using a convenience sample, researchers collected responses from 138 participants in those long-term care hospitals that have at least 100 sick beds among 528 hospitals(as of September 2015) registered as members of the Korean Association of Geriatric Hospitals. Multiple regression analyses revealed that working hours, externalizing strategies, vocational self-efficacy and group efficacy were significantly correlated with burnout of social workers. In other words, longer working hours led to higher degrees of burnout and higher levels of externalizing strategies, job efficacy, and group efficacy led to lower degrees of burnout in job performance. Based on the study results, it was discussed to relieve the extent of burnout among social workers in long-term care hospitals such as reinforcement of systematic supervision, development of burnout prevention program and on-the job training.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.38-46
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• 2003

Perceived crowding is known as a necessary method to evaluate social carrying capacity in recreational settings. But according to the results of previous research, perceived crowding, use density, and satisfaction have shown weak and indirect correlations. The theory of visitors’ adjustment is one of several possible explanations for this poor relation. But the validity of the visitors’ adjustment theory has not been not inspected clearly. Therefore, the purposes of this study are to understand visitors’ adjustment theory and to examine visitors’ adjustment to the overuse of recreational settings. Study hypotheses were formulated through literature review and related to visitors’ adjustment in recreation density. Pour hypotheses were established and inspected with the case study, i.e., Rationalization : Visitors’ satisfaction isn't related to use density in recreation setting, 2) Product-shift : Preference norm is related to current use density, 3) Self-selection : Visitors’ satisfaction for the use level is generally high, and 4) Displacement : Norm interference is related to willingness to revisit. The case study was conducted during May and June,2001. According to the results of this survey, visitors adjust to overuse of recreation setting through rationalization and product shift (hypotheses l/2 acceptance). Current use density isn't related to visitors’ satisfaction and willingness to revisit (see table 3). And visitors’ preference norm is modified by situation (see table 4). Visitors’ satisfaction and willingness to revisit don't show a high correlation but moderately high (see table 5, hypothesis 3 acceptance). Differences between visitors’ preference norm and current use density is norm interference. Norm interference isn't related to willingness to revisit (see table 7). Therefore, the norm interference concept is not a useful method to explain visitors’ adjustment to the degree of overuse in a recreational setting (hypothesis 4 rejection). As for future directions, the following are proposed: 1) correctly understanding and reestablishing the visitor norm and norm interference concept, 2) introducing a composite research method to monitor visitors’ behavior and survey visitors’ attitudes and coping responses. These efforts would be helpful in the Planning and management of recreational settings to improve the quality of visitors’ experiences.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.276-286
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• 2002

Purpose: The concept of embarrassment as an unpleasant emotion is important in caring for those who are in the continuum of illness and health requiring body care and facing sexual problems. In spite of its nursing implication, embarrassment has not been focused in nursing research. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to develope a conceptual analysis of embarrassment. This analysis would help to understand comprehensively an embarrassing situation in which an intimate relationship between nurse and patient regarding body care of the patient could develope. Futhermore, it would be a basis for developing strategies for prevention of embarrassment which could lead for both patient and nurse to emotionally vulnerable situation because of their failure of self-presentation (impression management). Method: The concept analysis model suggested by Walker and Avant (1988) is used to clarify what is meant by the term 'embarrassment'. Result: This analysis defines the attributes of embarrassment such as follows. First, embarrassment is often attributed to situational factors interrupting a smooth interaction such as intimacy, confusion, vulnerability, exposure of interaction and characteristics of audience. Second, embarrassment is closely related with cognitive factor such as fear of losing face resulted from a behaviour being out of line. Third, embarrassment is closely associated with dispositional factor such as embarrassability. Fourth, embarrassment is an unpleasant and unwanted emotion arising reactively after an interaction had occurred. Fifth, embarrassment encloses physical, physiological and behavioral aspects such as a variety of unique and easily noticeable reactions and a pattern of verbal and non-verbal behaviour for coping in an embarrassing situation. The antecedents were normally socialized adolescents with normal cognitive ability, concern of losing face, embarrassability, embarrassing events related with situational intimacy, confusion, vulnerability, exposure of interaction and characteristics of audience, physical, behavioral blunders resulting in a failure of impression management. The consequences were an emotional coping behaviour, audience's embarrassment responses, and verbal and non-verbal coping strategies of interactional participants. Conclusion: It is hoped that this analysis will stimulate further exploration of this concept and study for developing systematic assessment and nursing practice that diminishes embarrassment of interactional participants.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.92-103
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors affecting the quality of life of the elderly people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Methods: The data were collected from 307 older adults aged 65 years or older with chronic musculoskeletal pain, who visited senior welfare centers in two cities. We used self-rated questionnaires including NRS for pain, WHOQOL-BREF for quality of life, Pain Response Inventory for coping responses to pain, and MSPSS for social support. Stepwise multiple regression analysis were performed using SPSS/WIN 23.0 to identify factors affecting the study subjects' quality of life. Results: The regression model explained 43% of quality of life, which was statistically significant (F=34.11, p<.001). Educational level of high school (${\beta}=.13$, p=.006), pain (${\beta}=-.13$, p=.013), restriction of function (${\beta}=-.13$, p=.028), accommodative pain coping (${\beta}=.24$, p<.001), family support (${\beta}=.18$, p<.001), colleague's support (${\beta}=.25$, p<.001), and perceived health status (${\beta}=.25$, p<.001) were identified as influential factors on subjects' quality of life. Conclusion: Developing integrative interventions is necessary to improve accommodative pain coping skills and to engage family and colleague in support for positive perception of older adults' health status and management of symptoms.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-39
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• 2014

This study designed to know subjective structure about type of coping with stress of nursing students using Q-methodology. The statement positions on the sorting continuum were scored from +4(representing the highest level of agreement) through 0(at the neutral position on the continuum) through -4(representing the highest level of disagreement). Factor analysis of the data was undertaken using PC QUANL software to determine if any patterns were discernible. The four types extracted eigenvalues greater than 1.0 and explained approximately 52.14% of the variation in responses(31.73, 10.13, 5.73 and 4.65% respectively).: (1) Positive resolve type, (2) Ignore problem type, (3) Self resolution type and (4) Conversation type. The study results can be utilized in both an effective nursing education and clinical practice.