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Analysis of Proper Sampling Duration in Foot Positions during Assessment of Quiet Stance Balance in the Elderly Women Using Center of Pressure (압력중심점을 이용한 고령 여성의 정적서기 균형평가 시발 위치에 따른 적정 샘플링 시간 분석)

  • Shin, Joong-Dal;Youm, Chang-Hong;Moon, Dae-Sung;Kim, Woo-Kyu;Park, Young-Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.23-31
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate proper sampling duration while executing quiet stance of feet together position and a preferred foot position with eyes open using COP variables through GRF system. The subjects participated in this study were twenty healthy elderly women individuals($68.9{\pm}6.8$ years). It represented that the sampling duration needed over 20 s in the FTP and over 60 s in the PFP during assessment of quiet stance. The sampling duration shorter than 20 s in the FTP and 60 s in the PFP may not provide the sample showing stability. Inversely if the sampling duration becomes longer, it can distort the sample showing stability. In the future, I expect more studies of the proper sampling duration through various groups and the study of characteristics of participants caused by more sampling duration.

World Wide Views on Climate and Energy 2015 in Korea as a Global Deliberative Governance ('지구적 숙의 거버넌스'로서 유엔기후변화협상에 관한 세계시민회의)

  • Lee, Young Hee;Jeong, In Kyung
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.1-31
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    • 2015
  • World Wide Views on Climate and Energy held on 6 June 2015 was a structured citizens' deliberative consultation forum involving 10,000 citizens in 77 countries, and South Korea was one of the participating countries. Citizen participants, selected to reflect the demographic diversity in their countries or regions, were given information beforehand and deliberated for a full day with other citizens and voted on an identical set of questions, designed to reflect policy controversies at the UN COP negotiations to be held in Paris on December 2015. This study, firstly, analyzes the backgrounds and purposes of World Wide Views on Climate and Energy and reports the WWViews event held in Seoul, Korea before examining the theoretical implication of it. And then, this study discusses about the features and opportunities of World Wide Views on Climate and Energy as a way of forming a global deliberative governance by focusing on deliberative democracy, citizen participatory governance, and global citizenship.

Joint Crediting Mechanism under the Paris Agreement and Its Implication to the Climate Policy in Korea

  • Jung, Tae Yong;Sohn, Jihyun
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.373-381
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    • 2016
  • Before the Conference of Parties (COP) 21 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2015, most parties of UNFCCC had submitted their intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) and to achieve their voluntary targets, some parties consider using international market mechanisms. As one of such mechanisms, Japan promoted its own bilateral mechanism called Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM). In this study, feasibility studies and projects under JCM have been analyzed by project type, sector, country and region, which could provide some implications in designing Korea's future climate policy to achieve Korea's targets of 11.7% using international market mechanism in INDC. Since 2010, JCM has promoted 542 projects and feasibility studies in 44 countries according to the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) database. Among 542 projects, about 80% were feasibility studies implying that JCM was more focused on project identification. However, current trends of JCM show that more projects will be soon implemented based on these feasibility studies. For sectoral categorization, projects were categorized into seven sectors-energy technology, energy efficiency, renewable energy, waste management, city, strategic planning and projects related to the country's efforts to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). JCM projects were mitigation focused with more than 70% of projects were related to energy efficiency, renewable energy and energy technology. At the regional and country level, JCM is highly focused on Asia and especially, more than 100 projects were developed in Indonesia. Based on the analysis of JCM, in order to develop bilateral international mechanism for Korea, it is worthwhile to emphasize that Korea considers Asian countries as her partner. In addition, Korea may consider the collaboration with Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to implement projects identified by Korea and Asian partner countries. Furthermore, strategically, it is recommendable to develop jointly with Japan who has already capacity and networks with other Asian countries to mitigate GHG emissions. Such financial resources from MDBs and Japan may contribute to meet the 11.3% of GHG reduction target from abroad according to INDC of Korea.

An Experimental Study on the Performance Characteristics of a Multi Type Refrigerator Using R600a (R600a를 이용한 소형 멀티형 냉장고 시스템의 성능특성에 대한 실험적 연구)

  • Ahn, Ji-Hoon;Jang, Yong-Hee;Kim, Yong-Chan;Choi, Won-Seop;Oh, Seung-Whan;Kim, Chang-Nyeun;Lee, Jae-Seung
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.222-228
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    • 2009
  • Various types of refrigerators become popular in the market such as a common refrigerator, kimchi refrigerator and wine cellar. It is required to develop a multi type refrigerator combining these refrigerators to save space and energy consumption. In this study, the performance of a multi type refrigerator, which consists of one machine room and three evaporators, was measured in a bench type multi refrigerator. The multi type refrigerator was tested by varying the number of refrigerator cabinet, refrigerant charge, and temperature conditions. In addition, the multi type refrigerator with a suction line heat exchanger(SLHX) was tested to improve system performance. Based on the experimental data, the multi type refrigerator showed better performance than the conventional refrigerator(single type system). Besides, the COP of the single system increased from 1.0 to 1.37, and those of the dual and triple system increased from 1.29 to 1.39, and 1.22 to 1.51, respectively, by applying the SLHX.

The Comparison of Performance Characteristics in Refrigeration System using $NH_3$ and R22 ($NH_3$와 R22를 사용한 냉동장치의 성능특성 비교)

  • Ha Ok-Nam;Lee Kyu-Tae;Ha Kyung-Soo;Jeong Song-Tae;Kim Jin-Hyun;Hong Seong-In;Yun Kab-Sig;Kim Yang-Hyun;Kwon Il-Wook;Lee Jong-In
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2006
  • Recently, production and use of Freon substances are restrained due to destruction of ozone layer and grobal warming. In this aspect of environmental problems, the best solution is to use the natural refrigerant such as ammonia. Thus, this study apply the $NH_3$ and R22 to study the performance characteristic from the superheat control and compare the energy efficiency of two refrigerants from the high performance. The condensing pressure of refrigeration system is increased from 1,500 kPa to 1,600 kPa and degree of superheat is increased from 0 to $10^{\circ}C$ at each condensing pressure. As the result of experiment, when comparing the each COP, we knew the $NH_3$ is suitable as the alternative refrigerant of the R22.

Difference of Ground Reaction Force and Center of Pressure Parameters according to Levels of Education during Chest Compression Resuscitation (가슴압박소생술 시 교육수준에 따른 지면반력 및 압력중심의 차이)

  • Han, KiHoon;Gil, Ho-Jong;Lee, Mi-Kyoung;Park, Joonsung;Kim, Jongbin
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.220-225
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    • 2021
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of levels of education on ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during chest compression resuscitation. Method: Twenty male university students were divided into two groups; certified group (CG, n=10) and non-certified group (NCG, n=10). Two force plates were used to measure ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters during 30 times (three trials) chest compression resuscitation. Independent t-tests were used to compare ground reaction force and center of pressure parameters between two groups. An alpha level of 0.05 was used in all tests. Results: All chest-compression time parameters (total time, 1 systolic time, and diastolic time) in CG were significantly shorter than those in NCG (p<.05). Fy of the diastolic and Fz of the systolic in CG revealed significantly the larger GRF values and Fy of the systolic in CG showed significantly the smaller GRF value (p<.05). The standard deviation of Fz of the systolic and diastolic within the subject during 30 times chest-compression resuscitation revealed significantly the smaller values in CG (p<.05). Conclusion: First, CG performed chest compressions efficiently at an appropriate rate compared to NCG. Second, CG showed lower Fx and Fy values in both the mediolateral and anteroposterior axes compared to NCG, which reduced unnecessary chest-compression force consumption and minimized the movement in patients with cardiac arrest. Third, CG showed high Fz value of the systolic and low Fz value of the diastolic. Based on this, chest compression resuscitation was performed to increase the survival rate of cardiac arrest patients.

Effects of Closed Chain Lower Limb Exercise with Abdomial Breathing Exercise on Trunk Control and Balance in Stroke Patients (배호흡운동을 동반한 닫힌 사슬 하지운동이 뇌졸중 환자의 체간조절 및 균형에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Je-Hyeok;Kim, Seong-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Medicine & Therapy Science
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise on stroke patients and their effects on trunk control ability and balance. Method: The subjects were 40 stroke patients, 19 patients in the experimental group and 18 patients in the control group. The period was 5 weeks, 5 times a week, 30 minutes per session. The experimental group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise and the control group was subjected to a closed chain lower limb exercise. The posture assessment scale for stroke(PASS), trunk impairment scale(TIS) were used for trunk adjustment ability, and the balance ability was measured as center of pressure(COP) and limit of stability(LOS). Results: Results of this study showed that the PASS and TIS test significantly increased the experimental group compared to the control group. As a result of comparing the changes of pre and post intervention intervals between the two groups, the TIS test was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group, but the LOS test was not significantly increased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Closed chain lower limb exercise with abdominal breathing exercise showed a significant improvement in the trunk control and balance ability of the stroke patients compared to the closed chain lower limb exercise without the abdominal breathing exercise.

An Operation Status Analysis of Library Building using BEMS Data; Energy Performance Evaluation on Initial Stage of Completion (BEMS 데이터를 활용한 도서관 건물의 운전현황 분석 -준공 초기단계의 건물 에너지 성능 평가)

  • Park, Seong-cheol;Ha, Ju-wan;Kim, Hwan-yong;Song, Young-hak
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.669-679
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    • 2018
  • Energy consumption savings in buildings should be reviewed in diverse areas such as air conditioning system and lighting responsible for cooling and heating, and energy management systems such as BAS (Building Automation System) and BEMS (Building Energy Management System) are introduced to improve energy consumption efficiency and to promote economic control of related facilities by integrated management of energy generated and consumption in buildings. The measured building of this study uses regenerative geothermal system. Measured values of heat pump and system COP were 4.7 and 4.2 respectively, and they were found to be higher 11.9% and 23.5% than rated values. As a result of analyzing the air conditioning and lighting energy from the first floor to the fourth floor performing the air conditioning, the second and third floors, which have a high frequency of use, are compared with the first and fourth floors 50% higher energy consumption ratio. On the other hand, the general heat storage system uses the nighttime power of the previous day to store heat and use it the next day. The total number of days of abnormal operation during the summer season is 61 days. The electricity cost corresponding to the abnormal operation is 1,840,641 KRW, and the normal operation using the nighttime power is 1,363,561 KRW, which is difference of 477,080 KRW, 35% increase in cost. We will utilize it as the main data of BEMS through analysis of winter operation characteristics as well as summer operation characteristics.

Construction of the Heat Pump System Using Thermal Effluents for Greenhouse Facilities in Jeju and Evaluation of Cooling Performance (제주 시설온실 냉난방을 위한 발전소 온배수 활용 열펌프 시스템 구축 및 냉방성능 평가)

  • Lee, Yeon-Gun;Heo, Jaehyeok;Lee, Dong-Won;Hyun, Myung-Taek
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.70-79
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    • 2018
  • A heat pump system using the thermal effluent from the Jeju thermal power plant of KOMIPO was constructed with the capacity of 300 RT to supply cool or hot water to greenhouse facilities located 3 km from the power station. The way of transporting heat from the thermal effluent to greenhouses at a long distance was optimized, and a monitoring system to measure the water temperature and detect a leakage in a pipe conduit was also installed. This paper presents the system configuration of the constructed heat pump system for air conditioning and heating of greenhouse facilities in Jeju, and the characteristics of major components deployed in the system. The preoperational tests of the heat pump system were conducted during the summer season in 2018 for evaluation of its cooling performance. The operational stability and cooling performance of the heat pump system were confirmed by investigating the measured fluid temperature and flow rate, and COP of the heat pump in a cooling mode.

A Study for Cyber Situation Awareness System Development with Threat Hunting (위협 헌팅을 적용한 사이버 상황인식 시스템 개발에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jaeyeon;Choi, Jeongin;Park, Sanghyun;Kim, Byeongjin;Hyun, Dae-Won;Kim, Gwanyoung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.807-816
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    • 2018
  • Threat hunting is defined as a process of proactively and iteratively searching through networks to detect and isolate advanced threats that evade existing security solutions. The main concept of threat hunting is to find out weak points and remedy them before actual cyber threat has occurred. And HMM(Hunting Maturity Matrix) is suggested to evolve hunting processes with five levels, therefore, CSOC(Cyber Security Operations Center) can refer HMM how to make them safer from complicated and organized cyber attacks. We are developing a system for cyber situation awareness system with pro-active threat hunting process called unMazeTM. With this unMaze, it can be upgraded CSOC's HMM level from initial level to basic level. CSOC with unMaze do threat hunting process not only detecting existing cyber equipment post-actively, but also proactively detecting cyber threat by fusing and analyzing cyber asset data and threat intelligence.