• World Technopolis Review
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.39-54
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• 2014

Recently, investment to basic science has been increased and infrastructure of science and technology has been expanded in developed countries like U.S.A, UK and Japan to foster high-tech industries. Science and research parks are built and under operation to acquire national competitive power and to activate regional economy over the world today. It is argued that more synergy effects are generated when science and research parks are operated in cooperation with related organizations and facilities such as firms, universities, research institutes and governments than it is operated by one organization. The aim of this paper is to develop a governance model of science and research parks. One comprehensive model and three individual governance models were developed according to the structure and relations of industry-science/research park-supporting organization interactions. When governance model of science and research parks is established and properly managed, national development capacity would be greatly enhanced through the acceleration of technology transfer, industrial production rise and enhancement of efficiency in the area of R&D and supporting system etc. One of the key factors in building governance system for science and research parks is establishing a control tower that supervises governance system comprehensively and systematically.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.45-75
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• 2006

This study analyzed the meanings and drives, and government roles in NIS transformation process. Specifically, I deal with changes in the S&T policy and S&T public administration system as NIS changed from catch-up to post catch-up. As a result, S&T policy and administrative structure has changed as key elements of a new form of steering the transformation process. Though changed from direct to indirect, the role of the state remains strong in 'vision creation' and 'discursive coordination' as supporter and facilitator of the NIS transformation process. Especially, administration structure has been changed to strengthen decentralized pluralism and linkages and cooperation between government and private, between firms and universities, among inter related ministries.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.499-514
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• 2016

Social enterprise is defined as a sort of companies that pursue both publicity and profitability. It is usual that their business activities and viability are dependent upon localized resources in terms of a labor market, raw material procurement and sales market. Also, the characteristics and viability of social enterprises based on local resources within the framework of social economy policy. The social economic policy in Korea is generally treated as means of local developments. This paper aims to examine the localness and socio-economic foundation of social enterprises which are located in the west of Gyeongnam province in Korea and to provide policy recommendations for promoting local resource-based social enterprises. The selection of the case study firms was chosen by considering various factors such as the viability of the firm, location of a company and the types of organization. The research result shows that most of local social enterprises had a viability and profitability to effectively utilize local resources. But it is claimed that the government policy for promoting local social enterprises reveals some limitations to promoting effectively local social enterprises. First, it is necessary to limit the qualification of applying to the government support program. Second, financial support should be changed from hardware-centered programs to software-centered programs such as training and education for human resource development and the business consulting. Finally, it is necessary for the government policy to focus on follow-up programs for firms which are no more capable of receiving the government financial support. For these firms, the government policy needs to focus on facilitating activities of cooperation between local universities and local social enterprise.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.69-94
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• 2011

Daejeon, encompassing Daedeok Science Town and Daedeok Innopolis, possesses the advantage of portraying relatively higher regional innovation capacity and facilitating network formation among regional professional research organizations. Applying the Social Network Analysis(SNA) techniques, this paper focuses on divulging structural and spatial characteristics of the Daejeon Information and Communication(ICT) industry network, analyzing co-research projects implemented by the Daejeon-based universities. For the analytical tool, it depends on NETMINER 3.0. Furthermore, based on the Systems Thinking approaches, this study suggests a couple of policy implications. Judging from the Korea Standard Industrial Classification principles, the existing ICT industry is subdivided into 11 sub-industries. The highest degree centralization value comes from the Mobile Communication sub-industry(188.668%), indicating that Mobile Communication sub-industry exerts the most significant impact on the regional innovation networking in Daejeon. Among various stakeholders, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST) records the top ranking in most categories, conspicuously leading the institute-industry linkage. In terms of the ICT spatial distribution, the intra-regional cooperation examples present the strongest linkage values, followed by Daejeon-the Capital Region ones. Finally, as well shown in a series of causal loop analyses, this study recommends that Daejeon should put top policy priority in strengthening the internal ICT network within Daejeon proper. Here, Daejeon should keep in mind the fact that there exist reinforcing loops between Daejeon's attractiveness and the entering of new ICT firms.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 1994

Contemporary global space economy is so dynamic that any one specific structural force can not explain the whole dynamic processes or trajectories of spatial industrial development. The major purpose of this paper is extending the traditional notion of industrial districts to functioning and development of new industrial districts with relation to the development of high technology industries. Several dynamic forces, which are dominated in new industrial districts in the modern space economy, are incorporated in the formation and dynamic aspects of new industrial districts. Even though key forces governing Marshallian industrial district are localization of small firms, division of labor between firms, constructive cooperation, and industrial atmosphere, Marshall points out a possibility of growing importance of large firms and non-local networks in the districts with changes of external environments. Some of Italian industrial districts can be regarded as Marshallian industrial districts in broader context, but the role of local authorities or institutions and local embeddedness seem to be more important in the Italian industrial districts. More critical implication form the review of Marshallian industrial districts and Italian industrial districts is that the industrial districts are not a static concept but a dynamic one: small firm based industrial districts can be regarded as only a specific feature evolved over time. Dynamic aspects of new industrial districts are resulting from coexistence of contrasting forces governing the functioning and formation of the districts in contemporary global space economy. The contrasting forces governing new industrial districts are coexistence of flexible and mass production systems, local and global networks, local and non-local embeddedness, and small and large firms. Because of these coexistence of contrasting forces, there are various types of new industrial districts. Nine types of industrial districts are identified based on local/non-local networks and intensity of networks in both suppliers and customers linkages. The different types of new industrial districts are described by differences in production systems, embeddedness, governance, cooperation and competition, and institutional factors. Out of nine types of industrial districts, four types - Marshallian; suppliers hub and spoke; customers hub and spoke; and satellite - are regarded as distinctive new industrial districts and four additional types - advanced hub and spoke types (suppliers and customers) and mature satellites (suppliers and customers) - can be evolved from the distinctive types and may be regarded as hybrid types. The last one - pioneering high technology industrial district - can be developed from the advanced hub and spoke types and this type is a most advanced modern industrial district in the era of globalization and high technology. The dynamic aspects of the districts are related with the coexistence of the contrasting forces in the contemporary global space economy. However, the development trajectory is not a natural one and not all the industrial districts can develop to the other hybrid types. Traditionally, localization of industries was developed by historical chances. In the process of high technology industrial development in contemporary global space economy, however, policy and strategies are critical for the formation and evolution of new industrial districts. It needs formation of supportive tissues of institutions for evolution of dyamic pattern of high technology related new industrial districts. Some of the original distinctive types of new industrial districts can not follow the path or trajectory suggested in this paper and may be declined without advancing, if there is no formation of supportive social structure or policy. Provision of information infrastructure and diffusion of an entrepreneurship through the positive supports of local government, public institutions, universities, trade associations and industry associations are important for the evolution of the dynamic new industrial districts. Reduction of sunk costs through the supports for training and retraining of skilled labor, the formation of flexible labor markets, and the establishment of cheap and available telecommunication networks is also regarded as a significant strategies for dynamic progress of new industrial districts in the era of high technology industrial development. In addition, development of intensive international networks in production, technology and information is important policy issue for formation and evolution of the new industrial districts which are related with high technology industrial development.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.133-158
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• 2011

In 2030s, as we enter in to the era of BT (Bio-Technology) market opening up, technologies in all areas such as IT, data analysis, IC and biochemistry are necessitated. New development in technology will be based on "Convergence", especially between IT and BT. In order to have synergy effects from the convergence, those related industries and universities should be physically inter-related in an appropriate location. Until 2009, 819 industrial clusters where many Korean industries and firms are concentrated have been constructed in Korea. They have had supports from various institutions and facilities. However, few systems designed to assist "intellectual property (IP) service" for technology convergence are found in Korea. Thus, by analyzing current problems and challenges of the Korean industrial clusters, this paper suggests a possible answer to maximize the synergy from technology convergence through organic cooperation among companies in industrial clusters. This paper finds that the Korean industrial clusters need to establish IP service supporting center while suggesting its function and concept on organization structure, and work flow, which help firms to develop IP strategies. In addition, the paper provides a direction for current IP system and policies implemented by the Korean government to be more effective to small-and-medium-sized companies located in the industrial clusters.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

Despite the fact that Daejeon has excellent technology infrastructures such as government-funded research institutes, Daedeok Innopolis, and KAIST, the infrastructure for initial investment and growth support for technological start-ups is not sufficient. In particular, the amount of venture capital supply in Daejeon is relatively low compared to other innovation infrastructures. The purpose of this study is to suggest the implications of the venture capital ecosystem in Daejeon area through the analysis of what evolution process has been undergoing and what improvements and complementary points are needed in the future. First, the role of public finance system should be strengthened in order to stimulate angel investment and private capital inflows to start-up companies. Second, in order to cultivate investment professionals in the region, it is necessary to grant local funds to local institutions, and to run investment expert training courses in universities. Third, cooperation between related agencies is needed to add accelerator functions to existing incubators and to foster new accelerators. Fourth, in order to expand the role of local governments, it is necessary to establish funds, to open innovation mindset of public officials, and to communicate effectively with the central government. Fifth, basic venture ecosystem infrastructures such as inflow of excellent manpower, prevention of technology deception, improvement of rechallenge environment should be expanded. Sixth, it is necessary to reorganize the step-by-step start-up financing policy of 'Establishment - Growth - Exit - Rechallenge'. This study is meaningful in that it has grasped the current status of venture start-up financial ecosystem in Daejeon, which is changing rapidly. In particular, it is different in that it identifies financial difficulties venture companies in Daejeon and finds ways to utilize existing financial ecosystem efficiently.