• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Objective : We studied whether frontal skull base fracture has an impact on the occurrence and recovery of anosmia and/or ageusia following frontal traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods : Between May 2003 and April 2005, 102 consecutive patients who had hemorrhage or contusion on the frontal lobe base were conservatively treated. Relevant clinical and radiographic data were collected, and assessment of impaired smell and taste sensation were also surveyed up to at least 12 months post-injury. Results : Among 102 patients, anosmia was noted in 22 (21.6%), of whom 10 had ageusia at a mean 4.4 days after trauma. Bilateral frontal lobe injuries were noted in 20 of 22 patients with anosmia and in all 10 patients with ageusia. Frontal skull base fracture was noted in 41 patients, of whom 9 (21.4%) had anosmia and 4 (9.5%) had ageusia. There was no statistical difference in the occurrence of anosmia and ageusia between patients with or without fracture. Of the 22 patients with anosmia, recovery from anosmia occurred in nine (40.9%) at the interval of 6 to 24 months after trauma, of whom six had frontal skull base fracture and three were not associated with fracture. Recovery of anosmia was significantly higher in patients without fracture than those with fracture (p<0.05). Recovery from ageusia occurred in only two of 10 patients at the interval of 18 to 20 months after trauma and was not eminent in patients without fracture. Conclusion : One should be alert and seek possibile occurrence of the anosmia and/or ageusia following frontal TBI. It is suggested that recovery is quite less likely if such patients have fractures on the frontal base, and these patients should wait for at least 6 to 18 months to anticipate such recovery if there is no injury to the central olfactory structures.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2010

Objective : Adequate management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is critical in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and decompressive craniectomy is widely used to treat refractory increased ICP. The authors reviewed and analyzed complications following decompressive craniectomy for the management of TBI. Methods : A total of 89 consecutive patients who underwent decompressive craniectomy for TBI between February 2004 and February 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. Incidence rates of complications secondary to decompressive craniectomy were determined, and analyses were performed to identify clinical factors associated with the development of complications and the poor outcome. Results : Complications secondary to decompressive craniectomy occurred in 48 of the 89 (53.9%) patients. Furthermore, these complications occurred in a sequential fashion at specific times after surgical intervention; cerebral contusion expansion ($2.2{\pm}1.2$ days), newly appearing subdural or epidural hematoma contralateral to the craniectomy defect ($1.5{\pm}0.9$ days), epilepsy ($2.7{\pm}1.5$ days), cerebrospinal fluid leakage through the scalp incision ($7.0{\pm}4.2$ days), and external cerebral herniation ($5.5{\pm}3.3$ days). Subdural effusion ($10.8{\pm}5.2$ days) and postoperative infection ($9.8{\pm}3.1$ days) developed between one and four weeks postoperatively. Trephined and post-traumatic hydrocephalus syndromes developed after one month postoperatively (at $79.5{\pm}23.6$ and $49.2{\pm}14.1$ days, respectively). Conclusion : A poor GCS score ($\leq$ 8) and an age of $\geq$ 65 were found to be related to the occurrence of one of the above-mentioned complications. These results should help neurosurgeons anticipate these complications, to adopt management strategies that reduce the risks of complications, and to improve clinical outcomes.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.905-915
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• 1990

A clinical evaluation was performed on 545 cases of the chest trauma those had been admitted and treated at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Chosun University Hospital during the past 11 years 5 months period from January 1978 to may 1989. Obtained results were as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 3.9: 1 in male predominance, and the majority[66.6%] was distributed from 3rd to 5th decade. 2. Nonpenetrating chest trauma was more common than penetrating about 4.6 times, and the most common cause of the nonpenetrating injuries was traffic accident[241/448, 53.8%] and of the penetrating injuries was stab wound[88/97, 90.7%]. 3. Only 79 cases[14.5%] were arrived to our emergency room within one hour after trauma. 4. The most common lesion due to trauma among these admitted patients was rib fracture[390/545, 71.6%], and the others were lung contusion[217/545, 39.8%], hemothorax[35%], hemopneumothorax[19.6%], and pneumothorax[11.8%] et al in decreasing order. 5. The associated injuries those required special treatment of other departments were 223 cases and its distributions were bone fractures[178/545, 32.7%], head injury[5.3%], and abdominal injury[6.6%]. 6. The others, but interesting chest injuries were follows: sternum fracture[3.1%], diaphragm rupture[2.6%], myocardial laceration and rupture[2 cases], bronchial rupture and laceration[2 cases], and traumatic thymoma rupture[1 case]. 7. The incidence of flail chest was 5.8%a[26/448] in the nonpenetrating injury, and the causes were multiple rib fracture which was in rows more than 4 rib fracture[20 cases], and sternum fracture[6 cases]. 8. We could managed the most of the patient with conservative treatment[43.1%] or closed tube thoracostomy[52.7%], but required emergency open thoracotomy in 64 cases

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.407-413
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• 1997

The soft tissue injuries of Oral & Maxillofacial region include abrasion, contusion, simple laceration, laceration of skin with underlying tissue, soft tissue injuries combined with facial bone fracture and involving functional structures such as facial nerve and vessel, orbit, lacrimal duct and salivary gland and so on. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The age range was 1 to 97, and the highest incidence occured in the 3rd decade(23.4%), followed by the 1st decade(20.2%), 4th decade(18.1%), 4th decade(18.1), and 5th decade(14.3%) 2. The sexual ration was 4 : 1(M : F). 3. The most common cause of facial laceration was a accident(54.5), followed by blow(17.8%), traffic accident(15.9%) and unknown(10.8%). 4. The most frequently occurred site of injury was a forehead(24), followed by oral cavity(16.9%), lip(15%), eyebrow(14.5%), cheek(14%), chin(11.8%), nose(2%), scalp(1.4%) and neck(0.9%). 5. Most of wound size was less than 3cm in length. 6. 28 patients suffered facial bone fracture, representing 7%. 7. The major complications following facial laceration were infection and facial paralysis caused by facial nerve injuries, representing 4.5% and 1.9%.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.234-243
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• 2003

The researcher has studied the types of accidents and injuries that most often occur to infants, toddlers and preschool children. Using this knowledge, a first aid program was developed for mothers. This researcher used a Quasi experimental study which consisted of a nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest design for injury first-aid knowle. The experimental group consisted of 32 mothers, and the control group consisted of 29. The education program consisted of the types of injury, the structure and function of skin, the methods of obsevation, first-aid awareness, and the standard of professional support in case of contusion, abrasion, laceration, fracture and burn. The education program was developed and based on 'the systemetic design of instruction' by Dick & Carey(1996) and utilized multimedia text book, pictures, examples, practice and discussions to increase understanding and effectiveness of learning. The data for this study was collected from September to early November, 2001. There were two fomative evauations, pretest and posttest with an intervention of education program. The analysis of the collected data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, ANOVA, t-test and paired t-test using the SPSS 10.0 program. The results as follows; 1. The experimental group, who was given an education program before the test, got higher marks on the injury first-aid knowledge than the control group. There was a significant difference in knowledge between experimental group and control group(t=6.578, p=.000). 2. The experimental group got higher marks on the action evaluation than the control group. There were significant differences in the certainity of action (t=8.546, p=.000) and the accuracy of action (t=7.654, p=.000) between experimental group and control group. This study examined how a first aid education program increased effectiveness in the knowledge and action of injury first-aid.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 1993

The symptoms of farmer's syndrome that occurred to Korean farmers are due to the specific characteristics of Korean agriculture, and the basic reasons are poverty and less-privileged rural cultural life originated from social and political conditions. Then the purposes of this study are to investigate farmer's syndrome of farmers and to get substantial data to make a strategy that could prevent diseases. The results are as follows: 1. The most common symptom was lumbago(83.0%) among the 7 kinds of symptoms of farmer's syndrome. And it was more common among women who deliver babies and also work house chores and 10 farms than men(p<0.05). 2. The numbers of symptoms of farmer's syndrome increased as age increases and, 71.4% of those aged 70-79 complained some of the symptoms. 3. The accident rate due to agricultural machine was significantly higher in men than women(p<0.05). By frequency contusion was the most common trauma, fall, fracture were the nexts, and the age group with highest accident rate(40%) was those aged 20-29. 4. To see the significantly correlated factors between faemer's syndrome and sociodemo graphic variables, the more the numbers of family members were, the more lumbago and the less heartburn occurred. And the less gross income was the more frequent nocturnal urinary frequency occurred, and the wider the farming land was the more frequent noctural urinary frequency occurred. 5. As result of correlation coefficient between the numbers of illnesses and sociodemographic variables, the larger the family was and the larger the farming land was the more illnesses the subjects had, and those without spouses had more illnesses.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.536-539
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• 2008

We present a case with a foreign body in the left pulmonary artery, found in a traffic accident victim. A 52-year-old woman sitting in the passenger side of a car had massive bleeding and near complete amputation of her right forearm in addition to multiple rib fractures and a hemopneumothorax. At arrival to the emergency room, the patient had signs of shock; she was anemic, drowsy and hypotensive. A large volume of blood and crystalloid fluids were administered via the left subclavian vein with a rapid infusion device (Level $1^{(R)}$). As the lung contusion improved, a foreign body was noticed in the left lung field on plain x-rays. Pulmonary angiography was performed and revealed a 15 cm foreign body in the left basal segment of the common pulmonary artery. The foreign body was successfully retrieved using vascular forceps via the percutaneous femoral vein approach.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

Purpose: To investigate the risk exposure, risk of injury, and injury pattern of football players in seasonal variation. We purposed to expect the injury and its' prevention. Material and Methods: The professional football club(45 players) in Seoul were followed prospectively throughout 2005, January to 2005, December. Injury pattern and incidence were recorded. Results: Total 157 injuries were recorded. Major injuries which could not attend to game and training were 87 cases. Most severe month was June about 16 injuries(18.4%). And, the competitive season injuries were 46(52.9%) in March, April, August and September. Especially, ankle sprain and contusion injuries were common cause of absence in game. And, thigh muscle group injuries had a high risk of reinjury, because of treat insufficiently. Conclusions: We enhance the ability of the soccer team by prevention and education for injuries, especially in season.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.1508-1515
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• 1992

Between 1975 and 1992, forty five patients with trachea stenosis received tracheoplasty for relief of obstruction. The causes of airway problem are brain contusion[19 cases, 40%], cerebrovascular disease[3 cases, 7%], drug intoxication[8 cases, 18%], psychotic problem[2 cases, 4%], trachea tumor[3 cases, 7%], adult respiratory distress syndrome[9 cases, 20%] and direct trauma[1 case, 2%]. Direct causes of trachea stenosis were complications of tracheostomy[36 cases, 80%], complications of nasotracheal intubation[5 cases, 11%], tumor[3 cases, 6%] and trauma[1 case, 2%]. Thirty one patients underwent the sleeve resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Five patients performed a wedge resection and end-to-end anastomosis. Forteen patients received the Montgomery T-tube for relief of airway obstruction. Four patients have done simple excision of granulation tissue. Two, subglottic stenosis patients were received Rethi procedure[anterior division of cricoid cartilage, wedge partial resection of lower thyroid cartilage and Montgomery T-tube molding] and the other subglottic stenosis patient underwent permanent trachea fenestration. Including cervical flexion in all patients postoperatively, additional surgical techniques for obtain tension-free anastomosis were hyoid bone release technique in two cases, and hilar mobilization, division of inferior pulmonary ligament and mobilization of pulmonary vessel at the pericardium were performed in one case. Cervical approach was used in 39 cases, cervicomediastinal in 12 cases and transthoracic in one case. Complications of tracheoplasty were formation of granulation tissue at the anastomosis site[3 cases], restenosis[9 cases], trachea-innominate artery fistula[2 cases], wound infection[2 cases], separation of anastomosis[2 cases], air leakage[3 cases], injury to a recurrent laryngeal nerve[temporary 8 cases, permanent 2 cases] and hypoxemia[1 case]. Surgical mortality for resection with primary reconstruction was 6.7%, with one death due to postoperative respiratory failure and two deaths due to tracheo-innominate artery fistula.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.280-286
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• 2016

Helianthus tuberosus Linne (Compositae) has been widely used as a folk remedy to treat various ailments including fever, bleeding, fracture and contusion. This study was designed to elucidate the lifespan extending activities MeOH extract of the tubers of Helianthus tuberosus Linne (MHT) using Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model system. In the current study, we found that the lifespan of worms was significantly extended by MHT supplement, dose-dependently. MHT also provided robust protection against various stress environments such as osmotic, thermal and oxidative condition. In addition, elevated antioxidant enzyme activities by MHT resulted in attenuation of intracellular reactive oxygen spices (ROS) levels, suggesting antioxidant capacity of MHT might be associated with longevity properties. Herein, we showed that altered food intake and growth of worms were also involved in the MHT activity. Furthermore, MHT increased body movement in aged worms, indicating possible role for MHT in healthspan.